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MAT-49
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<h2 id="development">Development</h2> <p>In 1949, after evaluating several other submachine gun <a href="/facts/Prototype/q0yPLYdb">prototypes</a> (including a collapsible design from <a href="/facts/Hotchkiss_et_Cie/2zp8YkN3">Hotchkiss</a>), the French MAT factory began production of the MAT-49 <a href="/facts/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum/m8sP9Hz9">9×19mm Parabellum</a> submachine gun. The MAT-49 used a <a href="/facts/Stamping_(metalworking)/deH1hLWX">machine stamping process</a> which allowed for the economical production of large numbers of submachine guns, then urgently required by the French Government for use by Army, <a href="/facts/French_Foreign_Legion/sIBRU8D2">French Foreign Legion</a> as well as airborne and colonial forces to meet the need for a compact weapon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>Production continued at MAT until the mid-1960s, then switched to the <a href="/facts/Manufacture_d%27armes_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne/RWRyHM4g">Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne</a> plant (MAS), where the weapon was produced until 1973. In 1979, the French armed forces adopted the <a href="/facts/FAMAS/z9Kt1xwW">FAMAS</a> <a href="/facts/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO/eT9ENFzY">5.56 mm NATO</a> <a href="/facts/Assault_rifle/H2DXHauQ">assault rifle</a>, and the MAT-49 was gradually phased out of service. </p> <h2 id="usage">Usage</h2> <p>The MAT-49 saw widespread combat use during the <a href="/facts/First_Indochina_War/oQW2oRrR">First Indochina War</a> and the <a href="/facts/Algerian_War/5VAQbI3y">Algerian War</a>, as well as the 1956 <a href="/facts/Suez_Crisis/mlfbUT51">Suez Crisis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The weapon found considerable favor with <a href="/facts/Airborne_forces/URNvNW43">airborne forces</a> and <a href="/facts/Mechanized_infantry/FUp2xWsf">mechanized troops</a>, who prized it for its simplicity, ruggedness, firepower and compactness.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>After French forces left <a href="/facts/Indochina/5pknI7yy">Indochina</a>, the <a href="/facts/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam/ayoTsmQP">People's Army of Vietnam</a> and <a href="/facts/Viet_Minh/l03MGQh5">Viet Minh</a> continued to use many captured MAT-49s into the <a href="/facts/Vietnam_War/W0gfbGTE">Vietnam War</a>. Some were converted to the Soviet <a href="/facts/7.62%C3%9725mm_Tokarev/PhoLy1Wu">7.62 mm Tokarev</a> pistol cartridge, then available in large quantities from the <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/facts/People%27s_Republic_of_China/lTjIXY5p">People's Republic of China</a>. These converted versions could be distinguished by a longer barrel and a higher rate of fire at 900 rpm.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>North Vietnam covertly provided MAT-49s to anti-French occupation groups during the Algerian War after the French left Indochina.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> <p>The MAT-49 had a short, retractable wire stock, which when extended gave the weapon a length of 720 mm (28 in), and the magazine well and magazine could be folded forward parallel to the barrel for parachute jump or with a 45° angle hence allowing a safe carry until the magazine well is brought back to vertical position before opening fire. Barrel length is 230 mm (9.1 in), with the MAT-49/54 manufactured with extended barrels and non-retractable wooden stocks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> As issued, the MAT-49 fires a <a href="/facts/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum/m8sP9Hz9">9×19mm Parabellum</a> cartridge, using a single-column 20-round magazine for desert use or 32-round similar to the <a href="/facts/Sten/WwduHbx3">Sten</a> magazine. </p><p>The MAT-49 is <a href="/facts/Blowback_(arms)/W0nlETr7">blowback</a>-operated and box magazine-fed, with a cyclic <a href="/facts/Rate_of_fire/QJAEvtyP">rate of fire</a> of 600 rounds per minute. Some of the MAT 49/54s, modified MAT-49s manufactured for police forces, had two triggers, allowing use of full-auto fire or single shots, but most were manufactured as full-auto only.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Minus magazine, the MAT-49 weighs about 3.5 kilograms (7.7 pounds), which is heavy for a submachine gun. The weapon incorporates a <a href="/facts/Grip_safety/z2awzIme">grip safety</a> which is located on the backside of the pistol grip. The rear sights are flip-up and L-shaped, and marked for a range of 50 and 100 meters (55 and 109 yd). Production ceased before the introduction of the <a href="/facts/FAMAS/z9Kt1xwW">FAMAS</a> assault rifle in 1979. </p> <h2 id="variants">Variants</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/MAS-48/RWRyHM4g">MAS-48</a> - prototype variant.</li> <li>MAT-49 - main variant.</li> <li>MAT-49/54 - <a href="/facts/National_Gendarmerie/MuStvm7G">gendarme</a> variant with extended barrel and fixed wooden stock with a sling bar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li>MAT-49 silenced - variant fitted with a <a href="/facts/Suppressor/ok8jwWHM">suppressor</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li>MAT-49 M - variant modified by the <a href="/facts/Viet_Minh/l03MGQh5">Viet Minh</a>, firing in <a href="/facts/7.62%C3%9725mm_Tokarev/PhoLy1Wu">7.62×25mm Tokarev</a>. It had a longer barrel, modified 35-round magazine, and a higher rate of fire (900 rpm). It was distinguished from the 9mm version by having a letter "K" stamped on the top of the receiver's endcap and the side of the compatible magazines. Spare parts were still produced in the early 1970s, the gun being used by the <a href="/facts/Viet_Cong/hkoWcwRy">Viet Cong</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="users">Users</h2> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Algeria/UXDF4Tj6">Algeria</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Barbados/ywYtqmRB">Barbados</a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Benin/G98jPhND">Benin</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Bolivia/YNBoDKKR">Bolivia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Burkina_Faso/L3zPAJwx">Burkina Faso</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Burundi/GTNtpIra">Burundi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Central_African_Republic/TKMWWr57">Central African Republic</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Chad/KStYoub3">Chad</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Comoros/b6HkaTRQ">Comoros</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Republic_of_the_Congo/kNLEWqhl">Republic of the Congo</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Ivory_Coast/mSSED5Yl">Cote d'Ivoire</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Djibouti/77jY0eII">Djibouti</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Equatorial_Guinea/ARkq2P4f">Equatorial Guinea</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>: Adopted by the <a href="/facts/French_army/NCnjovlu">French army</a> in 1949.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> Also used by the <a href="/facts/National_Gendarmerie/MuStvm7G">National Gendarmerie</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Gabon/RKDffnwV">Gabon</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Guinea/MaBu4ysQ">Guinea</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Guinea-Bissau/YqJjM4Ex">Guinea Bissau</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a>: Used in small numbers by the <a href="/facts/Shahrbani/zflwX1nE">Shahrbani</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Laos/yYG2vJTU">Kingdom of Laos</a>: Received from French government during <a href="/facts/First_Indochina_War/oQW2oRrR">First Indochina War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Laos/S0afugjX">Laos</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp">Lebanon</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Madagascar/ez12IAcY">Madagascar</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Mali/sAaVqV1e">Mali</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> - <a href="/facts/Military_of_Mali/J2aMxMo1">Armed and Security Forces of Mali</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Mauritania/JcP8EJku">Mauritania</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Morocco/6ly8170M">Morocco</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Niger/hRbX6MkM">Niger</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Senegal/PPaRNYJH">Senegal</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Seychelles/Ub9we8XU">Seychelles</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a>: used by police and special forces</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0">Turkey</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> Captured MAT-49s donated to <a href="/facts/Village_guards/kQJd6b4B">Village guards</a>.</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Togo/7HzUaQkw">Togo</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Tunisia/4uC8Po6k">Tunisia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>: used 9mm and 7.62mm MAT-49s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Non-state entities</h3> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/National_Liberation_Army_(Libya)/8osRBaBc">National Liberation Army (Libya)</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army/zkgVQ8Dy">Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Viet_Minh/l03MGQh5">Viet Minh</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> known as Tuyn, from the name of the manufacturer (Tulle).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)/TMhgnsH3"></a> <a href="/facts/ETA_(separatist_group)/fz1zenor">ETA</a>: Produced unlicensed copies of existing weapons in an underground workshop at <a href="/facts/Mouguerre/FsEz2IvJ">Mouguerre</a> after it was raided by police.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic/M3ld4Y8P">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mozambique/mMWQ80JT"></a> <a href="/facts/FRELIMO/TFRXlsda">FRELIMO</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9ka/TNqv7edr">Séléka</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Viet_Cong/hkoWcwRy">Viet Cong</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gevarm_D4/89FdnfN0">Gevarm D4</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Halc%C3%B3n_ML-63/qR9lKoLC">Halcón ML-63</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hotchkiss_Type_Universal/YFvcfGgm">Hotchkiss Type Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sola_submachine_gun/wyFumBdz">Sola submachine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vigneron_submachine_gun/2E1IN0yn">Vigneron submachine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/MAS-38/jchn4CqJ">MAS-38</a> replaced in the 1950s by the MAT-49 submachine gun.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to MAT-49. <ul><li><a href="https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/france-submachine-guns/mat-49-eng/">"MAT-49"</a>. <i>Modern Firearms</i>. 27 October 2010.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>McCollum, Ian (22 January 2020). "MAT 49-54 Police Submachine Gun". Forgotten Weapons. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020. <a href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/" target="_blank">https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"The French MAT 49 Submachine Gun". Small Arms Review. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. <a href="https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2508" target="_blank">https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2508</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Leulliette, Pierre (1964). St. Michael and the Dragon: Memoirs of a Paratrooper. New York City: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. p. 29. <a href="https://archive.org/details/stmichaeldrago00leul/" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/stmichaeldrago00leul/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Leulliette, Pierre (1964). St. Michael and the Dragon: Memoirs of a Paratrooper. New York City: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. p. 29. <a href="https://archive.org/details/stmichaeldrago00leul/" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/stmichaeldrago00leul/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"French MAT-49 Sub-Machine Gun". 5rar.asn.au. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2021. <a href="https://www.5rar.asn.au/weapons/mat49.htm" target="_blank">https://www.5rar.asn.au/weapons/mat49.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Johnson, Harold E. (September 1973). Small Arms Identification and Operation Guide – Eurasian Communist Countries (PDF) (3rd ed.). Defense Intelligence Agency. p. 98. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090738/http://www.virginia1774.org/DIA-ST-HB-07-03-74.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090738/http://www.virginia1774.org/DIA-ST-HB-07-03-74.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>McCollum, Ian (18 October 2016). "Vietnamese Guns for Algeria". Forgotten Weapons. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017. <a href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vietnamese-guns-for-algeria/" target="_blank">https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vietnamese-guns-for-algeria/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>McCollum, Ian (22 January 2020). "MAT 49-54 Police Submachine Gun". Forgotten Weapons. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020. <a href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/" target="_blank">https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>McCollum, Ian (22 January 2020). "MAT 49-54 Police Submachine Gun". Forgotten Weapons. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020. <a href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/" target="_blank">https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>McCollum, Ian (22 January 2020). "MAT 49-54 Police Submachine Gun". Forgotten Weapons. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020. <a href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/" target="_blank">https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mat-49-54-police-submachine-gun/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"The French MAT 49 Submachine Gun". Small Arms Review. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. <a href="https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2508" target="_blank">https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2508</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Ezell, Edward Clinton (1988). Personal Firepower. The Illustrated History of the Vietnam War. Vol. 15. Bantam Books. pp. 18, 35, 42. ISBN 978-0-553-34549-0. OCLC 1036801376. <a href="978-0-553-34549-0" target="_blank">978-0-553-34549-0</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Ezell, Edward (1988). Small Arms Today. Vol. 2nd. Stackpole Books. p. 54. ISBN 0811722805. <a href="0811722805" target="_blank">0811722805</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>de Tessières, Savannah (April 2012). Enquête nationale sur les armes légères et de petit calibre en Côte d'Ivoire: les défis du contrôle des armes et de la lutte contre la violence armée avant la crise post-électorale [National survey on small arms and light weapons in Côte d'Ivoire: the challenges of arms control and the fight against armed violence before the post-election crisis] (PDF) (Report). Special Report No. 14 (in French). UNDP, Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Prolifération et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Légères et de Petit Calibre and Small Arms Survey. p. 97. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118234610/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/C-Special-reports/SAS-SR14-CoteIvoire.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121118234610/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/C-Special-reports/SAS-SR14-CoteIvoire.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"MAT-49". Modern Firearms. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. <a href="https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/france-submachine-guns/mat-49-eng/" target="_blank">https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/france-submachine-guns/mat-49-eng/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"MAT-49". Modern Firearms. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. <a href="https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/france-submachine-guns/mat-49-eng/" target="_blank">https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/france-submachine-guns/mat-49-eng/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Podcast V33: Iranian Submachine Guns (1941-1979)". Silah Report. 21 June 2021. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2021. <a href="https://silahreport.com/2021/06/21/iranian-submachine-guns-1941-1979/" target="_blank">https://silahreport.com/2021/06/21/iranian-submachine-guns-1941-1979/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Conboy, Kenneth (23 November 1989). The War in Laos 1960–75. Men-at-Arms. Vol. 217. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-85045-938-8. <a href="978-0-85045-938-8" target="_blank">978-0-85045-938-8</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. 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ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. <a href="978-0-7106-2869-5" target="_blank">978-0-7106-2869-5</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"Turkish Army Land Forces: Military equipment and vehicles of Turkey". World Army Equipment. 15 April 2010. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2021. <a href="https://www.armyrecognition.com/turkey_turkish_army_land_ground_forces_uk/turkey_turkish_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_intelligence.html" target="_blank">https://www.armyrecognition.com/turkey_turkish_army_land_ground_forces_uk/turkey_turkish_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_intelligence.html</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Jones, Richard D., ed. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. 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Retrieved 8 March 2017. <a href="https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/04/libyas-rebels-fight-with-ancient-useless-weapons/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/04/libyas-rebels-fight-with-ancient-useless-weapons/</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Stewart, Michael P. (2012). The Rhodesian African Rifles ~ The Growth and Adaptation of a Multicultural Regiment through the Rhodesian Bush War, 1965-1980 (PDF) (MA). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Command and General Staff College. pp. 41–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2013. The Armageddon group, like the other ZANU terrorists sent into Rhodesia, was armed with a mixture of semi-automatic Soviet SKS 7.62mm rifles, French MAT-49 9mm submachine guns, German Luger 9mm pistols, Soviet F1 and RGD5 grenades... Quoting Wood, J. R. T. (2009). Counterstrike From the Sky: The Rhodesian All-Arms Fireforce in the War in the Bush 1974-1980. South Africa: 30 Degrees South Publishers. ISBN 978-1-92014-333-6. <a href="978-1-92014-333-6" target="_blank">978-1-92014-333-6</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. p. 304. ISBN 1-84013-476-3. <a href="1-84013-476-3" target="_blank">1-84013-476-3</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>"Những vũ khí viện trợ đã ra trận cùng QĐVN trong trận Điện Biên Phủ" [Weapons of the Vietnamese Army in the battle of Dien Bien Phu]. tintuc.vn (in Vietnamese). 11 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019. <a href="https://tintuc.vn/nhung-vu-khi-vien-tro-da-ra-tran-cung-qdvn-trong-tran-dien-bien-phu-7732" target="_blank">https://tintuc.vn/nhung-vu-khi-vien-tro-da-ra-tran-cung-qdvn-trong-tran-dien-bien-phu-7732</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>Escrivá, Ángeles (10 February 2012). "Hallan en Francia un viejo arsenal de subfusiles de ETA de los años 70" [Found in France an old arsenal of ETA submachine guns from the 70s]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. <a href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/02/10/paisvasco/1328900209.html" target="_blank">http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/02/10/paisvasco/1328900209.html</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>Fuente Cobo, Ignacio & Mariño Menéndez, Fernando M. (2006). El conflicto del Sahara occidental [The Western Sahara conflict] (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministerio de Defensa de España & Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. p. 69. ISBN 84-9781-253-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2018. <a href="84-9781-253-0" target="_blank">84-9781-253-0</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Abbott, Peter (2005). Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–1974. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-85045-843-5. <a href="978-0-85045-843-5" target="_blank">978-0-85045-843-5</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>Touchard, Laurent (17 December 2013). "Centrafrique : le Soudan a-t-il armé les ex-Séléka?" [Central African Republic: Did Sudan arm the ex-Séléka?]. Jeune Afrique (in French). Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019. <a href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/166718/politique/centrafrique-le-soudan-a-t-il-arm-les-ex-s-l-ka/" target="_blank">https://www.jeuneafrique.com/166718/politique/centrafrique-le-soudan-a-t-il-arm-les-ex-s-l-ka/</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>Laemlein, Tom (26 October 2021). "Small Arms of the Viet Cong". The Armory Life. Retrieved 14 June 2024. <a href="https://www.thearmorylife.com/small-arms-of-the-viet-cong/" target="_blank">https://www.thearmorylife.com/small-arms-of-the-viet-cong/</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>