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Amazon Go
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<h2 id="technology-and-implementation">Technology and implementation</h2> <p>Amazon described Go stores to have used several technologies, including <a href="/facts/Computer_vision/Tl2Yyk66">computer vision</a>, <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> algorithms, and <a href="/facts/Sensor_fusion/P4WXAtMv">sensor fusion</a> for the purchase, checkout, and payment steps associated with a retail transaction which was later revealed to be done remotely by a team of people in India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The store concept is seen as a revolutionary model that relies on the prevalence of smartphones and <a href="/facts/Geo-fence/p9R1RuSJ">geofencing</a> technology to streamline the customer experience, as well as <a href="/facts/Supply_chain_management/3bEP00vC">supply chain</a> and <a href="/facts/Stock_management/0axHmdgl">inventory management</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> However, public rollout of the Seattle Amazon Go prototype location was delayed due to issues with the sensors' ability to track multiple users or objects within the store,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> such as when children move items to other shelves or when multiple customers have a similar <a href="/facts/Body_habitus/B13p3PfE">body habitus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>The Amazon Go app for <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a> and <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> links to their Amazon account and is the primary method of paying for items at the store, alongside cash at certain locations. The app is required to enter the store, which has <a href="/facts/Turnstile/C1hfCQHC">turnstiles</a> that scan a <a href="/facts/QR_code/B0l0IS7a">QR code</a> generated on the app.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The app allows users to add others to their Amazon account, so a family's purchases can be charged to the same bill.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The ceiling of the store has multiple cameras and store shelves have weight sensors, to detect which item(s) a customer took.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> If a customer takes an item off the shelf, it will be added to the customer's virtual cart. Similarly, if a customer places an item back on the shelf, it is removed from the customer's virtual cart. </p> <h2 id="locations">Locations</h2> <p>As of March 2024<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_Go&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 22 store locations in the United States<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and 20 in the United Kingdom. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>City and state</th><th>Date of first store</th><th>Number of stores</th><th>Ref(s)</th></tr><tr><th>1</th><td><a href="/facts/Seattle_metropolitan_area/0coLAYvA">Seattle</a>, <a href="/facts/Washington_(state)/7tCrTFnN">Washington</a></td><td>January 22, 2018</td><td>7</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td><a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a>, <a href="/facts/Illinois/MuPb1Ctn">Illinois</a></td><td>September 17, 2018</td><td>5</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td><a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York City</a>, <a href="/facts/New_York_(state)/mnl67G1G">New York</a></td><td>May 7, 2019</td><td>7</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td><a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a>(branded as <a href="/facts/Amazon_Fresh/pcf83kPH">Amazon Fresh</a>)</td><td>March 4, 2021</td><td>20</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td><a href="/facts/Los_Angeles_County,_California/y0xFvt6t">Los Angeles County</a>, <a href="/facts/California_(state)/zLW2vdQJ">California</a></td><td>November 1, 2022</td><td>3</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><th></th><th></th><th>43</th><th><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Amazon Go's cashierless layout and technology, branded as "Just Walk Out", is also used in <a href="/facts/Cashierless_store/BL3nLpyS">cashierless stores</a> with other brands and inside facilities such as airports and sports venues.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="stores">Stores</h2> <p>In its report on the opening of the first location, <i><a href="/facts/The_Wall_Street_Journal/9Pkf2cYK">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> said that Amazon planned to open at least three stores, each with a different format.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> In October 2016, <i><a href="/facts/Business_Insider/vxTTFRY4">Business Insider</a></i> reported that they had seen internal Amazon documents detailing plans to open as many as 2,000 stores over the next ten years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> This was refuted by an Amazon spokesman, who insisted the company was still learning.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p> <p><i><a href="/facts/The_Verge/GNkdYcJe">The Verge</a></i> reported that the first store was scheduled to open to the public in early January 2017, preceded by a December 2016 <a href="/facts/Beta_version/z4Q4RElA">beta version</a> for Amazon employees only.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> At 1,800 square feet (170 m2) it was only the size of a corner convenience store.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> By October 2017, the store had yet to open to the public due to issues with the technology tracking over 20 people at one time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> The public opening finally took place on January 22, 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p><p>In addition to stocking name brands and local brands, the store sells many of <a href="/facts/List_of_Amazon_brands/zg8DLYpo">Amazon's house brands</a>, such as Wickedly Prime and 365.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> A second <a href="/facts/Downtown_Seattle/Qs1KcbSk">Downtown Seattle</a> location at the <a href="/facts/Madison_Centre/eVbj1Gz7">Madison Centre</a> opened on August 27, 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> The third Amazon Go store, at the Troy Block complex in <a href="/facts/South_Lake_Union,_Seattle/6wSskKRl">South Lake Union</a>, is the second largest at 2,100 square feet (200 m2) and opened in September 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p><p>In May 2018, <i><a href="/facts/The_Seattle_Times/NDbXsb3k">The Seattle Times</a></i> reported that Amazon was planning to open Amazon Go stores in <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a> and <a href="/facts/San_Francisco/cb9l7hbC">San Francisco</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> and in September, it was confirmed that the company planned to open a store in <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York City</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> In September 2018, Amazon Go opened its first location outside of Seattle at the company's offices in the <a href="/facts/Chicago_Loop/sdHwWFFu">Chicago Loop</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> That same month, <i><a href="/facts/Bloomberg_News/q4DStFUV">Bloomberg News</a></i> reported Amazon was considering plans to open as many as 3,000 Amazon Go locations across the United States by 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> An Amazon Go location was opened in San Francisco on October 23, 2018, at 98 Post Street.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> </p><p>In response to potential discrimination against low-income people, <a href="/facts/San_Francisco/cb9l7hbC">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/facts/Philadelphia/2bFFCCTU">Philadelphia</a>, and <a href="/facts/New_Jersey/pI5k19S7">New Jersey</a> have passed legislation banning cashless stores and retailers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> A new Amazon Go store in <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York City</a> opened on May 7, 2019, with cash acceptance in response to previous criticism over the use of app-only purchases and its effects on the poor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> In response to the legislation, stores in San Francisco also accept cash, with an attendant at the front letting in and checking out customers if they do not have the app.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p><p>On February 25, 2020, Amazon opened the first Amazon Go Grocery store in Seattle's <a href="/facts/Capitol_Hill_(Seattle)/xPvrbqjt">Capitol Hill</a> neighborhood. The Go Grocery store is significantly larger than other Go stores, at 10,400 square feet (970 m2), and offers 5,000 items, including fresh <a href="/facts/Produce/goDyR3Fg">produce</a> and baked goods.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> A second Go Grocery location opened in September 2020 in the <a href="/facts/Overlake,_Washington/u5UsNbIb">Overlake</a> neighborhood of <a href="/facts/Redmond,_Washington/zHHNzmuB">Redmond, Washington</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p><p>In 2023, Amazon announced it would close eight Amazon Go stores in Seattle, New York City and San Francisco.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p><p>On April 4, 2024, it was revealed that Amazon's "Just Walk Out" technology was supported by approximately 1,000 Indian workers who manually reviewed transactions. Despite claims of being fully automated through computer vision, a significant portion of transactions required this manual verification. Additionally, Amazon announced plans to replace the "Just Walk Out" technology with Dash Carts in Amazon Fresh stores, aiming to enhance customer experience with features like locating products and viewing receipts in real-time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Automated_convenience_store/JQy2e87Q">Automated convenience store</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Automated_retail/TrbCFVKp">Automated retail</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cashierless_store/BL3nLpyS">Cashierless store</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cashless_society/AmJ7hJvL">Cashless society</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Technological_unemployment/96aJLKzD">Technological unemployment</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Look up <i>click and collect</i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amazon Go. <ul><li><a href="https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=16008589011">Amazon Go</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Nick Wingfield (December 5, 2016). "Amazon Moves to Cut Checkout Line, Promoting a Grab-and-Go Experience". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2017. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/technology/amazon-moves-to-cut-checkout-line-promoting-a-grab-and-go-experience.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/technology/amazon-moves-to-cut-checkout-line-promoting-a-grab-and-go-experience.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Natt Garun (December 5, 2016). "Amazon just launched a cashier-free convenience store". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved March 8, 2017. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/5/13842592/amazon-go-new-cashier-less-convenience-store" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/5/13842592/amazon-go-new-cashier-less-convenience-store</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"List of Amazon Go Locations on Amazon.com". GeekWire. July 22, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=16008589011" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=16008589011</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"List of Amazon Go Locations on Amazon.com". GeekWire. July 22, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=16008589011" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=16008589011</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Day, Matt (January 21, 2018). "Amazon Go cashierless convenience store opening to the public". Seattle Times. Retrieved January 21, 2018. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/business/amazon/amazon-go-cashierless-convenience-store-opening-to-the-public/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/business/amazon/amazon-go-cashierless-convenience-store-opening-to-the-public/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Kelion, Leo (March 9, 2020). "Amazon offers till-free shop technology to rivals". BBC News. Retrieved March 10, 2020. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51801674" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51801674</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Introducing Amazon Go and the world's most advanced shopping technology". Amazon. December 5, 2016 – via YouTube. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrmMk1Myrxc" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrmMk1Myrxc</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Grewal, Dhruv; Roggeveen, Anne L.; Nordfält, Jens (March 2017). "The Future of Retailing". Journal of Retailing. 93 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2016.12.008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jretai.2016.12.008" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jretai.2016.12.008</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Rey, Jason Del (March 27, 2017). "Amazon's store of the future is delayed. Insert 'Told ya so' from skeptical retail execs". Recode. Vox Media. Retrieved June 15, 2017. <a href="https://www.recode.net/2017/3/27/15072084/amazons-go-future-store-delayed-opening" target="_blank">https://www.recode.net/2017/3/27/15072084/amazons-go-future-store-delayed-opening</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Johnston, Chris (January 22, 2018). "The supermarket with no checkouts". BBC News. Retrieved January 22, 2018. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42769096" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42769096</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Bosa, Deirdre (January 21, 2018). "Amazon's automated grocery store will launch Monday after a year of false starts". CNBC. Retrieved January 21, 2018. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/21/amazon-go-automated-grocery-store-is-poised-to-launch.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/21/amazon-go-automated-grocery-store-is-poised-to-launch.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Angus, Isabela (August 23, 2019). "SF 'Cashless Ban' FAQ: How to pay cash at Amazon Go, and more questions answered". SF Gate. Associated Press. Retrieved November 5, 2019. <a href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Cashless-ban-FAQ-food-truck-amazon-go-no-cash-14373909.php" target="_blank">https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Cashless-ban-FAQ-food-truck-amazon-go-no-cash-14373909.php</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Amazon opens store with no cashiers, lines or registers". Associated Press News. January 22, 2018. 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"A third Amazon Go store opens in NYC". <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2019/08/06/a-third-amazon-go-store-opens-in-nyc.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2019/08/06/a-third-amazon-go-store-opens-in-nyc.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Kelion, Leo (March 4, 2021). "Amazon Fresh till-less grocery store opens in London". BBC News. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-56266494" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-56266494</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Bourke, Joanna (April 16, 2021). 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