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Declaration of 1 November 1954
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<h2 id="historical-context">Historical context</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Algerian_nationalism/n73mbyI7">Algerian nationalism</a></p> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Algerian_People%27s_Party/qljr1Aug">Algerian People's Party</a>, <a href="/facts/Movement_for_the_Triumph_of_Democratic_Liberties/axGkCs85">Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties</a>, and <a href="/facts/Revolutionary_Committee_of_Unity_and_Action/U5BUu2Il">Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action</a></p> <p>When the <a href="/facts/Movement_for_the_Triumph_of_Democratic_Liberties/axGkCs85">Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties</a> (MTLD) organized its congress in April 1953, the independence option was decided, but the date for the hasty announcement of the insurrection had not yet been set.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="writing">Writing</h2> <p>It was journalist <a href="/facts/Mohamed_A%C3%AFchaoui/ECvd36dW">Mohamed Aïchaoui</a> who was entrusted with the task of writing the revolutionary declaration under the supervision of the two leaders <a href="/facts/Mohamed_Boudiaf/5dsngLGN">Mohamed Boudiaf</a> and <a href="/facts/Mourad_Didouche/awjePsQd">Mourad Didouche</a> of the Group of Six.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="impression">Impression</h2> <p>The leaflets for this proclamation were drawn in the house of activist Ali Zamoum located in the village of Ighil Imoula in <a href="/facts/Great_Kabylia/eKbzJVtk">Great Kabylia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="distribution">Distribution</h2> <p>These sheets were then put in briefcases and suitcases to be sent to their destinations in <a href="/facts/Algeria/UXDF4Tj6">Algeria</a> and abroad.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="presentation-and-analysis">Presentation and analysis</h2> <p>This declaration aimed at Algerian national independence by:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <ol><li>The restoration of the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian state within the framework of Islamic principles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li>Respect for all fundamental freedoms without distinction of race or religion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li></ol> <h3>Indoor goals</h3> <ol><li>Political cleansing by putting the National Revolutionary Movement back on its true path and thereby annihilating all the vestiges of corruption and reformism, the cause of Algeria's current regression.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li>Gathering and organization of all the healthy energies of the Algerian people for the liquidation of the colonial system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li></ol> <h3>External objectives</h3> <ol><li>Internationalization of the Algerian problem.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Achievement of North African unity in its natural Arab-Islamic framework.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li>Within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations, affirmation of Algerian sympathy towards all nations which would support the liberating action.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li></ol> <h3>Means of struggle</h3> <p>In accordance with revolutionary principles and taking into account internal and external situations, the continuation of the struggle by all means until the goal of independence is achieved.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>To achieve these objectives, the National Liberation Front will have two essential tasks to carry out simultaneously: internal action, both politically and in terms of its action, and external action in order to deal with the Algerian cause which will be a reality for the whole world with the support of all natural allies of Algerians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>This is an overwhelming task which requires the mobilization of all national energies and resources. It is true, the struggle will be long but the outcome is certain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Algerian_War/5VAQbI3y">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)/FM3FTgpd">National Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/National_Liberation_Army_(Algeria)/7WVnod4a">National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mohamed_A%C3%AFchaoui/ECvd36dW">Mohamed Aïchaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mohamed_Boudiaf/5dsngLGN">Mohamed Boudiaf</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mourad_Didouche/awjePsQd">Mourad Didouche</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rabah_Bitat/I8qzFt07">Rabah Bitat</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Abane_Ramdane/ahQhTKnc">Abane Ramdane</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Horne, Alistair. (1977). <i><a href="/facts/A_Savage_War_of_Peace:_Algeria,_1954-1962/zeDEEHBn">A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962</a></i>. Viking Press.</li> <li>McDougall, James. (2017). <i><a href="/facts/A_History_of_Algeria/pFxmMdNd">A History of Algeria</a></i>. Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>McDougall, James. (2006). <i><a href="/facts/History_and_the_culture_of_nationalism_in_Algeria/SR0XvIW9">History and the culture of nationalism in Algeria</a></i>. Cambridge University Press.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8foH2VfehU">1- Proclamation of 1 November 1954</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYM-kp2jzYg">2- Proclamation of 1 November 1954</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBqTqYfh5Xo">3- Ighil Imoula: Place of printing of the proclamation of 1 November 1954</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-WhCpg-2vM">4- Mohamed Aïchaoui wrote the proclamation 1 November 1954 on the digging machine</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Arabic: بيان أول نوفمبر 1954; French: Déclaration du 1er novembre 1954 <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" target="_blank">/wiki/Arabic_language</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"1er novembre 1954 : le texte intégral de la déclaration du Secrétariat général du FLN – Jeune Afrique". 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