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Bakso
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<h2 id="ingredients-contents-and-serving">Ingredients, contents, and serving</h2> <p><i>Bakso</i> is commonly made from finely ground beef with a small quantity of <a href="/facts/Tapioca_flour/kKWBug24">tapioca flour</a> and <a href="/facts/Edible_salt/SCplalQ3">salt.</a> However, bakso can also be made from other ingredients, such as chicken, pork, fish, or shrimp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Unlike other meatball recipes, bakso has a consistent firm, dense, homogeneous texture due to the <a href="/facts/Polymerization/1hmBz7Ur">polymerization</a> of <a href="/facts/Myosin/7zGeRkpS">myosin</a> in the beef surimi. </p><p>As most Indonesians are <a href="/facts/Muslim/W2ukq4pg">Muslims</a> and observe <i><a href="/facts/Halal/KtJQsKl8">halal</a></i> dietary laws, <i>bakso</i> is usually made from beef, chicken, or a mixture of beef and chicken.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In non-Muslim majority areas, such as in the Chinatowns of major cities and on the <a href="/facts/Hinduism_in_Indonesia/Af6sTvjC">Hindu</a>-majority island of <a href="/facts/Bali/ThlIdDeC">Bali</a>, pork <i>bakso</i> might be found.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>Traditionally the beef surimi paste or dough is made into balls by hand and boiled in hot water. After the meat is done, the meatballs are dried and served or refrigerated for later use. Pre-cooked <i>bakso</i> are usually displayed in the windows of street vendor carts. </p><p><i>Bakso</i> is usually served in a bowl of beef <a href="/facts/Broth/ePIRyGd6">broth</a>, with yellow <a href="/facts/Noodles/mtlmG10e">noodles</a>, <a href="/facts/Bihun/U982fpXz">bihun</a> (rice vermicelli), salted vegetables, <a href="/facts/Tofu/qAJGQXpt">tofu</a>, egg (wrapped within bakso), <a href="/facts/Kai-lan/GaM2sYtn">Chinese broccoli</a>, <a href="/facts/Bean_sprout/dB7vKvcA">bean sprout</a>, <a href="/facts/Siomay/x2cgYJFd">siomay</a> or steamed meat dumpling, and crisp <a href="/facts/Wonton/uFXRe6z1">wonton</a>, sprinkled with fried <a href="/facts/Shallots/HWBGq37P">shallots</a> and <a href="/facts/Celery/r2oRCGJw">celery</a>. Slices of bakso are often used and mixed as complements in <i><a href="/facts/Mie_goreng/vBG8FVgC">mie goreng</a>, <a href="/facts/Nasi_goreng/MaU65dnA">nasi goreng</a></i>, or <i><a href="/facts/Cap_cai/qwu5qAVr">cap cai</a></i> recipes. </p> <h2 id="origin">Origin</h2> <p>The name <i>bakso</i> originated from <i>bak-so</i> (肉酥, <a href="/facts/Pe%25CC%258Dh-%25C5%258De-j%25C4%25AB/D9XlKhn6">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i>bah-so͘</i>), the <a href="/facts/Hokkien_language/zUtFFsnL">Hokkien</a> pronunciation for "fluffy meat" or "minced meat".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> This suggests that bakso has <a href="/facts/Indonesian_Chinese_cuisine/xaDpts1x">Indonesian Chinese cuisine</a> origin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Chinese influences is apparent in <a href="/facts/Indonesian_cuisine/YfJKxQBX">Indonesian food</a>, such as <i><a href="/facts/Bakmi/pXCK0lEG">bakmi</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Mie_ayam/bnWSX8WR">mie ayam</a></i>, <i>pangsit</i>, <i><a href="/facts/Mie_goreng/vBG8FVgC">mie goreng</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Kwetiau_goreng/KU0FkEQA">kwetiau goreng</a></i>, <i>bakso</i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Lumpia/EW4gEz7k">lumpia</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Indeed, bakso texture is quite similar to Chinese <a href="/facts/Beef_ball/CFST6vIV">beef balls</a>, which are quite fluffy and have a homogenous texture. Although <i>bakso</i> has a Chinese Hokkien origin name, culinary experts suggest that it is likely that <i>bakso</i> was a mixture of culinary influences back in the colonial <a href="/facts/Dutch_East_Indies/1vl6kw8p">Dutch East Indies</a>. Also in <a href="/facts/Indonesian_language/J8Q78Ywb">Indonesian</a>, the term <i>bola daging</i> often refers to the Western or European style of meatballs, which is different in texture and elasticity compared to bakso. For example, <a href="/facts/Swedish_meatball/NydlGNYd">Swedish meatballs</a> are translated as <i>bola daging Swedia</i> in Indonesian. The soup and the noodles probably originated in China, but the meatball may have come from the Dutch, who colonized Indonesia in the 19th century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <p>Despite its possible Chinese origin, <i>bakso</i> seems to have undergone localization, especially into <a href="/facts/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine/xaDpts1x">Chinese Indonesian</a> and <a href="/facts/Javanese_cuisine/eA9372dv">Javanese cuisine</a>. Today, most of the <i>bakso</i> vendors are native <a href="/facts/Javanese_people/35mcwIsB">Javanese</a> from <a href="/facts/Wonogiri/b3EjWfr0">Wonogiri</a> (a town near <a href="/facts/Surakarta/wKb4vrA3">Solo</a>) and <a href="/facts/Malang/W8QoCHNf">Malang</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <i>Bakso Solo</i> and <i>Bakso Malang</i> are the most popular variants; the name comes from the city it comes from, <a href="/facts/Surakarta/wKb4vrA3">Solo</a> in <a href="/facts/Central_Java/SECs9V0u">Central Java</a> and Malang in <a href="/facts/East_Java/X8Xw6kro">East Java</a>. <i>Bakso Solo</i> is usually served with yellow noodles and rice vermicelli in beef broth, while <i>Bakso Malang</i> usually is enriched with tofu and crispy fried <a href="/facts/Wonton/uFXRe6z1">wonton</a>. In Malang, <i>bakso bakar</i> (roasted bakso) is also popular. </p><p>In <a href="/facts/Bandung/pruqBqva">Bandung</a>, West Java, there is a type of bakso called bakso cuanki, which is similar to bakso <a href="/facts/Malang/W8QoCHNf">Malang</a>. It can contain various types of bakso ingredients; such as bakso aci, siomay dumpling, boiled wonton, fried wonton, and fried bakso, served with scallion and broth soup.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="variations">Variations</h2> <p>Indonesia has developed numerous bakso variants, usually differing in shape, size, texture, ingredients, and fillings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Bakso aci: meatball with a higher <a href="/facts/Tapioca/kKWBug24">tapioca</a> content</li> <li>Bakso ayam: chicken bakso</li> <li>Bakso babi: pork meatball</li> <li>Bakso bakar: grilled and skewered bakso, prepared to <a href="/facts/Satay/k0xj2VmT">satay</a></li> <li>Bakso beranak: big meatball filled with small meatballs</li> <li>Bakso bola tenis tennis ball-sized bakso, either filled with hard-boiled egg as <i>bakso telur</i> or filled with <i>tetelan</i> which includes pieces of spare beef meat and fat or <i>urat</i> (tendon).</li> <li>Bakso cirawang: bakso made of cartilage, tapioca, and garlic. It is from <a href="/facts/Garut/pSdLxmfz">Garut</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso cuanki: a famous bakso from <a href="/facts/Bandung/pruqBqva">Bandung</a>, <a href="/facts/West_Java/nLxcEXPF">West Java</a> made with either mackerel or shrimp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso gepeng: flat beef bakso, usually has a finer and more homogenous texture</li> <li>Bakso goreng: fried bakso with a rather hard texture, usually consumed solely as a snack or mixed in one bowl as part of bakso Malang or bakso cuanki</li> <li>Bakso gulung: long bakso wrapped in <a href="/facts/Tofu_skin/bw8tlA3g">tofu skin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso iga/rusuk: <a href="/facts/Short_ribs/5pRL2VC1">short ribs</a> bakso.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso ikan: fish bakso (<a href="/facts/Fish_ball/AptCR0za">fish ball</a>). In <a href="/facts/Karimunjawa/cEAYbUVY">Karimunjawa</a>, there is a bakso dish made of <a href="/facts/Caesionidae/Yu82Wnrm">caesionidae</a> meat and called <i>bakso ikan ekor kuning</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> In <a href="/facts/West_Lampung_Regency/R2NHNh9W">West Lampung Regency</a>, <i>bakso ikan blue marlin</i> made of <a href="/facts/Marlin/o9ekWqDb">marlin</a>, is a common bakso dish.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> <i>Bakso kakap</i> or <a href="/facts/Lutjanidae/U38YI569">snapper</a> bakso dish is scattered in the city of <a href="/facts/Semarang/73oKj96u">Semarang</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> In Malingping District of <a href="/facts/Lebak_Regency/FvQcvFcp">Lebak Regency</a>, bakso ikan is made of <a href="/facts/Skipjack_tuna/tErf0j4r">skipjack tuna</a> or <a href="/facts/Scomberomorus/T2k1B3UD">mackerel</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso jamur, mushroom bakso</li> <li>Bakso keju: a modern variant of bakso, filled with either <a href="/facts/Cheddar_cheese/hfwYPUQX">cheddar</a> or <a href="/facts/Mozzarella/5wrRC8u3">mozzarella</a> <a href="/facts/Cheese/JrG8nGCm">cheese</a></li> <li>Bakso kotak: cube-shaped bakso</li> <li>Bakso krikil: small meatballs like <a href="/facts/Gravel/IwHG9JfI">gravel</a> have become a bakso dish in <a href="/facts/Magelang/wQoXdD4r">Magelang</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso lohoa: made from minced chicken meat and prawn mixed with <i><a href="/facts/Cellophane_noodles/vgARCv9B">soun</a></i> noodles, mushrooms, and vegetable pieces.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso Malang: bakso dish from the city of <a href="/facts/Malang/W8QoCHNf">Malang</a> in <a href="/facts/East_Java/X8Xw6kro">East Java</a>; complete with noodles, tofu, <i><a href="/facts/Siomay/x2cgYJFd">siomay</a></i>, and fried wontons</li> <li>Bakso mercon: lit. "firecracker bakso", refer to an extra hot and spicy bakso filled with <a href="/facts/Sambal/DSRAE5tV">sambal</a> made of chilli pepper and birds eye chili pepper</li> <li>Bakso nyuknyang: bakso dish from <a href="/facts/Makassar/EL44wktU">Makassar</a>, <a href="/facts/South_Sulawesi/Wdt7Bcxa">South Sulawesi</a>. It is eaten with <i><a href="/facts/Burasa/F7ElQeTV">burasa</a></i> and squeezed of <a href="/facts/Calamansi/qPIwwX5o">calamansi</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> Halal versions may substitute pork for beef.</li> <li>Bakso rusa: venison meatball. A delicacy of <a href="/facts/Merauke_Regency/NuzaCt4X">Merauke Regency</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso selimut: egg-wrapped bakso.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso tahu: bakso meat dough filled into <a href="/facts/Tofu/qAJGQXpt">tofu</a></li> <li>Bakso taichan: bakso with sour and super spicy soup.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li>Bakso telur: a tennis ball-sized bakso with <a href="/facts/Boiled_egg/KW19C8C2">hard-boiled chicken egg</a> wrapped inside</li> <li>Bakso tumpeng: cone-shaped bakso</li> <li>Bakso udang: shrimp bakso with a slightly pink color</li> <li>Bakso urat: bakso filled with <a href="/facts/Tendon_(meal)/drww3aPk">tendons</a> and coarse meat</li></ul> <h2 id="condiments">Condiments</h2> <p>Bakso stalls usually served bottles of sauces, <a href="/facts/Condiments/KnnUnv0o">condiments</a>, additions, and garnishing. Clients may add these condiments according to their personal preferences. The following condiments and accompaniments are often added to a bowl of bakso: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Bawang_goreng/R9dy6Pkv">Bawang goreng</a></i> crisp fried shallot sprinkled upon bakso</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Kecap_manis/7BAgNMWS">Kecap manis</a></i> or sweet soy sauce, to add a mild sweetness</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sambal/DSRAE5tV">Sambal</a> chili paste to add spiciness</li> <li>Bottled <a href="/facts/Hot_sauce/4w5V2IeR">hot sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ketchup/rDMar5Nt">Ketchup</a> tomato sauce</li> <li><a href="/facts/Vinegar/yC27CDkw">Vinegar</a> to add sourness</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Tianjin_preserved_vegetable/M2CdHw9r">Tongcay</a></i> preserved salted vegetables</li></ul> <h2 id="popularity">Popularity</h2> <p><i>Bakso</i> is one of the most popular street foods in Indonesian cities and villages alike.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> Travelling street vendors, either by carts or bikes are often frequenting residential areas in Indonesia, while <i>bakso</i> <i><a href="/facts/Warung/PHFQywjk">warung</a></i> and humble tent food stalls are often sprung on street sides in Indonesian cities. <i>Bakso</i> came to international attention when United States President <a href="/facts/Barack_Obama/76wUMgL1">Barack Obama</a> remembered it as one of his favourite foods from his childhood in Indonesia, and mentioned it in his speech.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> It was also part of a task in <a href="/facts/The_Amazing_Race_Asia_1/vpE3GGd3">The Amazing Race Asia 1</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Amazing_Race_Australia_1/F2ufXzNs">The Amazing Race Australia 1</a> and <a href="/facts/The_Amazing_Race_28/vdV0nzbg">The Amazing Race 28</a> where teams had to either sell and/or eat <i>bakso</i>. </p><p>The traveling meatball vendor is often associated with <a href="/facts/Intelligence/gwEhdLnp">intelligence</a> undercover activity. On social media, there are also many <a href="/facts/Memes/65Qsyhak">memes</a> depicting meatball vendors communicating through <a href="/facts/Walkie-talkies/SdnWoAad">walkie-talkies</a>. According to Ridlwan Habib, an intelligence observer, the profession of mobile food traders such as meatball workers is often used by members of the Detective or <a href="/facts/Densus_88/6QQSHzKa">Densus 88</a> to spy on <a href="/facts/Terrorist/DHJGPJ6P">terrorist</a> activities or other suspicious criminal activities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="similar-dishes">Similar dishes</h2> <p>Similar meatball dishes can be found in other <a href="/facts/Southeast_Asian_cuisine/N1HRg7rw">Southeast Asian cuisines</a>, such as those in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Singapore, as well as Chinese-style meatballs. </p><p>The dish is also similar to <a href="/facts/Vietnamese_cuisine/L0rKQTFz">Vietnamese</a> noodle soup with meatballs, <i><a href="/facts/Pho/lj5WGF6M">phở bò viên</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> In <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>, <i>Phở</i> means noodle soup while <i>Bò Viên</i> is meatballs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Phở Bò Viên is one of the versions of Pho dishes in <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>. It has been considered as the national dish of <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p><p>In <a href="/facts/Malaysian_cuisine/ATB51938">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/facts/Singaporean_cuisine/HYtjw5UT">Singapore</a>, there is a similar meatball soup called <i>bebola daging</i>, which is a <a href="/facts/Malay_language/2T6pPtgv">Malay</a> translation of "meatball". Many recipes of <i>bebola daging</i> in Malaysia and Singapore are derived from either Western (Indian or European) or Eastern (Chinese) meatballs, such as <i>bebola daging Masala</i> which is derived from Indian cuisine influence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p><p>In the <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a>, meatballs are called <i>almondigas</i> or <i>bola-bola</i>, and are usually served in a <a href="/facts/Misua/k54L5tXp">misua</a> noodle soup with toasted garlic, squash, and pork cracklings. <i>Bola-bolas</i> are also stewed or pan-fried until golden brown. </p> <h2 id="health-issue">Health issue</h2> <p>In the past, <a href="/facts/Borax/IQrXRJ3N">borax</a> and <a href="/facts/Formaldehyde/Ck8RLfqk">formalin</a> were often added to the beef surimi mixture to preserve the produced bakso, and also to increase the chewiness of bakso. (from borax induced myosin <a href="/facts/Cross-link/zeQ9hEAA">cross-linking</a>) with less usage of meat.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> As a result, bakso is often listed by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration as an unhealthy foodstuff. The country's Directorate of Consumer Protection warns of the risk of <a href="/facts/Liver_cancer/a7N4vD4L">liver cancer</a> caused by high consumption over 5–10 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a>, which caused the government to issue <a href="/facts/Sodium_tripolyphosphate/0tWU3U9U">Sodium tripolyphosphate</a> as a borax substitute. Today's bakso, frozen bakso being sold at supermarkets and traditional markets in Indonesia are borax free. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Food portal</li><li>Indonesia portal</li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bakso. <ul><li><a href="/facts/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine/xaDpts1x">Chinese Indonesian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_meatball_dishes/D3wXe2bJ">List of meatball dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Boat_noodles/NUWJhM9V">Boat noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mie_ayam/bnWSX8WR">Mie ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mie_bakso/kgqEfpNz">Mie bakso</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mie_kocok/Gu65m2pA">Mie kocok</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Swedish_meatball/NydlGNYd">Swedish meatballs</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Rick Rodgers (2011). I Love Meatballs!. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-4494-1942-4. <a href="978-1-4494-1942-4" target="_blank">978-1-4494-1942-4</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Bakso: the soup President Barack Obama loved as a child". Nola.com article from The Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208171510/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/11/bakso_the_soup_president_barac.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101208171510/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/11/bakso_the_soup_president_barac.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Bruce Kraig; Colleen Taylor Sen (2013). Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-59884-955-4. <a href="978-1-59884-955-4" target="_blank">978-1-59884-955-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Bruce Kraig; Colleen Taylor Sen (2013). Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-59884-955-4. <a href="978-1-59884-955-4" target="_blank">978-1-59884-955-4</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Bakso: the soup President Barack Obama loved as a child". Nola.com article from The Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208171510/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/11/bakso_the_soup_president_barac.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101208171510/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/11/bakso_the_soup_president_barac.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Bakso "100% Haram" dikunjungi ABG sampai Senator". Suluh Bali (in Indonesian). 8 May 2015. <a href="http://suluhbali.co/bakso-100-haram-dikunjungi-abg-hingga-senator/" target="_blank">http://suluhbali.co/bakso-100-haram-dikunjungi-abg-hingga-senator/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Herman Ichsan Pangestu (2014). Edward Sitorus (ed.). Sukses Wirausaha Gerobak Terlaris dan Tercepat Balik Modal: 15 Jenis rekomendasi usaha terbaik (in Indonesian). Lembar Langit Indonesia. p. 32. ISBN 978-602-7993-71-6. <a href="978-602-7993-71-6" target="_blank">978-602-7993-71-6</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Alison Murray. No Money, No Honey: A study of street traders and prostitutes in Jakarta. Oxford University Press, 1992. p. Glossary page xi. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Heinz Von Holzen (2014). A New Approach to Indonesian Cooking. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 15. ISBN 978-981-4634-95-3. Retrieved 16 February 2016. <a href="978-981-4634-95-3" target="_blank">978-981-4634-95-3</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Bakso: the soup President Barack Obama loved as a child". Nola.com article from The Associated Press. 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