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Chinggeltei
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<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2> <p>Chinggeltei was born in <a href="/facts/Harqin_Banner/qrqGqr8b">Harqin Banner</a>, <a href="/facts/Josotu/oMcKzQcJ">Josotu</a>, Inner Mongolia (now administratively part of <a href="/facts/Chifeng/NtSpm8nP">Chifeng</a>). He did his early studies at a Mongolian-medium school in Inner Mongolia, before going to <a href="/facts/Manchukuo/EFnnLsde">Manchukuo</a>. After completing his course there in 1939, he hoped to transfer to the Peking Mongolian and Tibetan School (北京蒙藏学校, in <a href="/facts/Beijing/Bg4puFBv">Beijing</a>); however, they would not accept students from Manchukuo. Eventually, he ended up enrolling in a teacher training course at the Houhe Mongolian Academy (厚和蒙古学院; "Houhe" is an older Chinese name for <a href="/facts/Hohhot/KnBWI26U">Hohhot</a>), which normally only accepted students from the western parts of Inner Mongolia; he scored well enough on the entrance exam to be placed into the second-year course, and graduated in late 1940. From there, he entered into a preparatory school for students planning to study in Japan, and in 1941, proceeded to <a href="/facts/Tokyo/GTvuw4ct">Tokyo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>Upon arriving in Tokyo, Chinggeltei enrolled in a <i><a href="/facts/Juku/rkXxPmhY">juku</a></i> to study English and mathematics for the university entrance exams; he chose to aim at an engineering school, because he felt that his homeland particularly lacked people with such skills. He ended up first enrolling at the <a href="/facts/Tokyo_Institute_of_Technology/kqdLTkto">Tokyo Institute of Technology</a>, but due to the long commute from his home and the intensification of <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>, transferred to <a href="/facts/Tohoku_University/ec7m7vYy">Tohoku Imperial University</a> in <a href="/facts/Sendai/gG35qfWN">Sendai</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="career">Career</h2> <p>In 1945, Chinggeltei returned to Inner Mongolia; soon after, the <a href="/facts/Surrender_of_Japan/SM4dd1M9">surrender of Japan</a> brought World War II to an end. He took up teaching duties at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Academy (内蒙古自治学院) in <a href="/facts/Chifeng/NtSpm8nP">Chifeng</a>, compiling textbooks and in Mongolian as well as teaching both politics and language and literature courses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> It was there that he first met <a href="/facts/Ulanhu/1McjyjD7">Ulanhu</a>, who was the school's principal. Ulanhu's speeches about various events of the day (such as the 3 April 1946 meeting in <a href="/facts/Chengde/kKNKdGL6">Chengde</a> which provided for the unification of Inner Mongolia as a single governmental unit) left a deep impression on the teachers of the school and helped them to become more knowledgeable about politics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> In May 1947, half of the Autonomous Academy's teaching staff were transferred to <a href="/facts/Qiqihar/AeVLeUSf">Qiqihar</a> to establish the Inner Mongolia Military Administration University (内蒙古军政大学); Chinggeltei was responsible for setting up their Mongolian language and literature division.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>In 1949, Chinggeltei was transferred to the <i>Inner Mongolia Daily</i> (内蒙古日报) as editor of the Mongolian-language section and head of internal education; during this time, he also travelled to <a href="/facts/Hulunbuir/IobQIpcl">Hulunbuir</a> for a linguistic survey, and published his <i>Grammar of the Mongol language</i> (蒙文文法).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> In 1953, he began doing language work for the <a href="/facts/Communist_Party_of_China/MwS3Togt">Communist Party of China</a>'s Propaganda Committee. He was tapped to be vice-rector of the newly founded <a href="/facts/Inner_Mongolia_University/zU8Sm7ks">Inner Mongolia University</a> in 1957, again working under Ulanhu.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>In 1985, Chinggeltei published his <i>Study of the Lesser Khitan Script </i>, a significant milestone in the study of the <a href="/facts/Khitan_language/eBwG7ut5">Khitan language</a> and <a href="/facts/Khitan_small_script/ImHWzhKv">its writing system</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> He was presented with a <i><a href="/facts/Festschrift/y1CvXrwC">Festschrift</a></i> by his fellow Mongolists in 1996 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his taking up teaching duties.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> In 2008, he received the first "Award for Outstanding Talent" (杰出人才奖) from the Inner Mongolia Communist Party Standing Committee, including prize money of <a href="/facts/Renminbi/513xLnrK">RMB</a>200,000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> He used the money to establish the Chinggeltei Mongolian Language Foundation, which provides scholarships to students receiving high scores in Mongolian language on the <a href="/facts/National_Higher_Education_Entrance_Examination/fctXH6Xr">National Higher Education Entrance Examination</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="selected-works">Selected works</h2> <ul><li> 蒙文文法 (in Chinese (China)), 内蒙古日报社, 1949. The first modern scientific grammar of the Mongolian language published in China<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> <ul><li>Translated to English as Chinggaltai (1952), <i>A grammar of the Mongol language</i>, Hong Kong: The Evangelical Alliance Mission, <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252252646">252252646</a></li> <li>Reprinted as Chinggaltai (1963), <i>A grammar of the Mongol language</i>, New York: Ungar, <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1920867">1920867</a></li> <li>Translated to Cyrillic-orthography Mongolian as <i>Монгол хэлний зүй: зургаадугаар дэвтэр</i>, <a href="/facts/National_University_of_Mongolia/lNF5PcTk">National University of Mongolia</a>, 2007, <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/317393560">317393560</a></li> <li>John C. Street gave the 1963 English version a scathing review, criticising its "linguistic inanities" and "clumsy obfuscations".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li> 契丹小字研究 [<i>Study of the Lesser Khitan Script</i>] (in Chinese (China)), Chinese Social Sciences Press, 1985, <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16717597">16717597</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul><li>Street, John C. (1963), "Book Reviews: A Grammar of the Mongol Language", <i>Slavic Review</i>, 22 (4): 785–786, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2492598">10.2307/2492598</a>, <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2492598">2492598</a>, <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/478987841">478987841</a>, <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165144619">165144619</a></li> <li>贾拉森; 巴达玛敖德斯尔, eds. (August 1997), 论文与纪念文集：清格尔泰教授执教50周年纪念文集 (in Chinese (China)), <a href="/facts/Inner_Mongolia_University_Press/zU8Sm7ks">Inner Mongolia University Press</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 7-81015-764-7</li> <li>金東昭 [Kim Dong-so] (1991), <a href="https://archive.today/20130218215811/http://www.reportnet.co.kr/detail/371/370386.html">金啓宗과 淸格爾泰―中國의 두 元老 알타이語學者</a> [Jin Qizong and Chinggeltei ―Two Chinese Altaists], <i>Journal of the Altaic Society of Korea</i> (in Korean), 3 (1): 45–56, archived from <a href="http://www.reportnet.co.kr/detail/371/370386.html">the original</a> on 2013-02-18, retrieved 2010-06-04</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>中国现代蒙古学奠基人清格尔泰逝世. 中国新闻网 (in Chinese (China)). 4 January 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014. <a href="中国现代蒙古学奠基人清格尔泰逝世中国新闻网" target="_blank">中国现代蒙古学奠基人清格尔泰逝世中国新闻网</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>黄妙轩 [Huang Miaoxuan] (2004-09-22). 阿尔泰学的发展与总结 [Development and summing-up of Altaic studies]. Guangming Daily (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2010-06-04. <a href="阿尔泰学的发展与总结" target="_blank">阿尔泰学的发展与总结</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>黄妙轩 [Huang Miaoxuan] (2004-09-22). 阿尔泰学的发展与总结 [Development and summing-up of Altaic studies]. Guangming Daily (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2010-06-04. <a href="阿尔泰学的发展与总结" target="_blank">阿尔泰学的发展与总结</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>清格尔泰回忆乌兰夫：临危受命解决内蒙乱局 [Chinggeltei remembers Ulanfu: At the brink of crisis, resolved Inner Mongolia's chaotic situation], Inner Mongolia Morning News (in Chinese (China)), 2006-12-19, retrieved 2010-06-02 <a href="清格尔泰回忆乌兰夫：临危受命解决内蒙乱局" target="_blank">清格尔泰回忆乌兰夫：临危受命解决内蒙乱局</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>清格尔泰回忆乌兰夫：临危受命解决内蒙乱局 [Chinggeltei remembers Ulanfu: At the brink of crisis, resolved Inner Mongolia's chaotic situation], Inner Mongolia Morning News (in Chinese (China)), 2006-12-19, retrieved 2010-06-02 <a href="清格尔泰回忆乌兰夫：临危受命解决内蒙乱局" target="_blank">清格尔泰回忆乌兰夫：临危受命解决内蒙乱局</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Kim 1991, p. 45 - 金東昭 [Kim Dong-so] (1991), 金啓宗과 淸格爾泰―中國의 두 元老 알타이語學者 [Jin Qizong and Chinggeltei ―Two Chinese Altaists], Journal of the Altaic Society of Korea (in Korean), 3 (1): 45–56, archived from the original on 2013-02-18, retrieved 2010-06-04 <a href="https://archive.today/20130218215811/http://www.reportnet.co.kr/detail/371/370386.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130218215811/http://www.reportnet.co.kr/detail/371/370386.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Jalsan & Badma-odsar 1997 - 贾拉森; 巴达玛敖德斯尔, eds. (August 1997), 论文与纪念文集：清格尔泰教授执教50周年纪念文集 (in Chinese (China)), Inner Mongolia University Press, ISBN 7-81015-764-7 <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>内蒙古首届"杰出人才奖". Guangming Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2008-01-07. Retrieved 2010-06-04. <a href="内蒙古首届"杰出人才奖"" target="_blank">内蒙古首届"杰出人才奖"</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>李富 [Li Fu] (2009-09-05). 清格尔泰蒙古语言文化基金会召开首届奖励大会. Xinmin Evening News (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="清格尔泰蒙古语言文化基金会召开首届奖励大会" target="_blank">清格尔泰蒙古语言文化基金会召开首届奖励大会</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰. People's Daily (in Chinese (China)). 2007-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-02. <a href="草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰" target="_blank">草原名人：开创蒙古语言研究黄金时期的清格尔泰</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Street 1963, p. 785 - Street, John C. (1963), "Book Reviews: A Grammar of the Mongol Language", Slavic Review, 22 (4): 785–786, doi:10.2307/2492598, JSTOR 2492598, OCLC 478987841, S2CID 165144619 <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2492598" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2492598</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>