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Autun
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Early history</h3> <p>Augustodunum was founded during the reign of the first <a href="/facts/Roman_emperor/sT4nFc67">Roman emperor</a>, <a href="/facts/Augustus/RGfMCR2V">Augustus</a>, after whom it was named. It was the <a href="/facts/Civitas/k70VuV7c">civitas</a> "tribal capital" of the Aedui, Continental <a href="/facts/Celts/eMCVYAFz">Celts</a> who had been allies and "brothers" (<i><i>fratres</i></i>) of Rome since before <a href="/facts/Julius_Caesar/ptR603Gv">Julius Caesar</a>'s <a href="/facts/Gallic_Wars/g9cUYxbl">Gallic Wars</a>. Augustodunum was a planned foundation replacing the original <a href="/facts/Oppidum/sCVplc03">oppidum</a> <a href="/facts/Bibracte/qPAWeaRp">Bibracte</a>, located some 25 km (16 mi) away. Several elements of Roman architecture such as walls, gates, and a Roman theater are still visible in the town. </p><p>In AD 356, a force of <a href="/facts/Alemanni/46vLyWu5">Alemanni</a> brought the <a href="/facts/Siege_of_Autun/pr6DUG06">siege of Autun</a>. The disrepair of the walls left the city in danger of falling. Autun was saved by the arrival of the <a href="/facts/Julian_(emperor)/4ecggf42">Emperor Julian</a> in one of his early military successes. In <a href="/facts/Late_Antiquity/sPTl0dyD">Late Antiquity</a>, Autun became famous for its schools of <a href="/facts/Rhetoric/mB9np26l">rhetoric</a>. A world map based on the <a href="/facts/Geography_(Ptolemy)/gbCXgJR7"><i>Geography</i></a> of <a href="/facts/Ptolemy/htudGQTQ">Ptolemy</a> was famous for its size and was displayed in the <a href="/facts/Portico/9yF8G3F6">portico</a> of one of the schools. It may have survived until early modern times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In 532, the <a href="/facts/Merovingian_dynasty/mz0Sv722">Merovingian</a> kings <a href="/facts/Childebert_I/TxSdClzD">Childebert I</a> and <a href="/facts/Chlothar_I/5jFEwX98">Chlothar I</a> in <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Autun_(532)/JKdAppMQ">Battle of Autun</a> defeated the <a href="/facts/Burgundians/7gNzAbbS">Burgundians</a> led by king <a href="/facts/Godomar/1smwJC6a">Godomar</a> and took over the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_the_Burgundians/creIpKUj">country of Burgundy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In 642 or 643, <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Autun_(640s)/r9g7D975">another battle</a> was fought near Autun between feuding Frankish noblemen. </p><p>Leger (born circa 616- died 678), was bishop of Autun. He was tortured in <a href="/facts/Lucheux/rBchcVBj">Lucheux</a> (Somme) on the orders of the mayor of the <a href="/facts/Ebroin/kAsWVUYt">Ebroin</a> Palace, who then murdered him. Around 670 he had presided over the second council of Autun (after that of 599, which was convened by Bishop <a href="/facts/Syagre_d%2527Autun/Bn2J4FTY">Syagre</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>In 880, Count Richard of Autun was made the <a href="/facts/Richard%2c_Duke_of_Burgundy/J5vzvnAH">first Duke of Burgundy</a>. </p><p>In 1506, <a href="/facts/Barth%25C3%25A9lemy_de_Chasseneuz/Ue4nSvKl">Barthélemy de Chasseneuz</a> made his reputation as an attorney, defending the rats of Autun against the charge of eating the barley crop.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h3>Modern times</h3> <p>In 1788, <a href="/facts/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%25C3%25A9rigord/QgvK4xsp">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a> became bishop of Autun. He was elected member of the clergy for the <a href="/facts/Estates-General_of_1789/5JIdHPPv">Estates-General of 1789</a>. </p><p>The High School plays an important role in the history of the city and even France since <a href="/facts/Napoleon/8TKBIjPM">Napoleon</a>, who gave it its current name and whose brothers <a href="/facts/Joseph_Bonaparte/ECLveSKX">Joseph</a> and <a href="/facts/Lucien_Bonaparte/xQazb32S">Lucien</a> studied there. This school continues to operate today. The decorated <a href="/facts/Wrought_iron/zynpjrIv">wrought iron</a> gates were erected in 1772; the subjects taught in the school are indicated by various representations of objects along the top of these grids. </p><p>During the <a href="/facts/Franco-Prussian_War/DU9aBkVB">Franco-Prussian War</a> of 1870, the leader of the <a href="/facts/Army_of_the_Vosges/psHRjoom">Army of the Vosges</a>, <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> chose the city as his headquarters. </p><p>In 1837, a commercial mining of <a href="/facts/Oil_shale/WSREUH8t">oil shale</a> <a href="/facts/Autun_oil_shale_deposit/RXaLKVpF">deposit near Autun</a> marked the beginning of the modern <a href="/facts/Oil_shale_industry/QBTUUosb">oil-shale industry</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>In 1852, the <a href="/facts/Uranium/n2sGWBzU">uranium</a> mineral <a href="/facts/Autunite/lLW2zEX1">autunite</a> was first discovered near Autun, and named for the town. </p> <h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>The city rests on the southern edge of a depression called the Permian Autun Basin which includes the Autunian stratotype forming the Autunois. It is surrounded to the north by <a href="/facts/Bocage/Th69JPC5">bocage</a> meadows (bocage with wide mesh), to the west by the <a href="/facts/Morvan/aEt3TQry">Morvan</a> massif, and to the south by deciduous forests (domanial forest of Planoise) covering a sandstone plateau. </p><p>The Autunois region is composed of sixty-four communes grouped into seven cantons. In the cantons of Autun-Nord and Autun-Sud are the following municipalities: <a href="/facts/Antully/T05oM83h">Antully</a>, <a href="/facts/Auxy%2c_Sa%25C3%25B4ne-et-Loire/xGSSwD0c">Auxy</a>, <a href="/facts/Curgy/qxa42UxX">Curgy</a>, <a href="/facts/Dracy-Saint-Loup/3j5cEwrT">Dracy-Saint-Loup</a>, <a href="/facts/Monthelon%2c_Sa%25C3%25B4ne-et-Loire/BPl21KLG">Monthelon</a>, <a href="/facts/Saint-Forgeot/ffoTuh1Q">Saint-Forgeot</a> and <a href="/facts/Tavernay/w5EAVHj0">Tavernay</a>. </p> <h3>Climate</h3> <p>The commune lies in the northwest of the department. </p><p>For the period 1971-2000, the average annual temperature was 10.5°C, with an annual temperature range of 16.6°C. The average annual cumulative precipitation was 1,061 mm, with 12.1 days of precipitation in January and 7.6 days in July.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> For the period 1991-2020, the average annual temperature observed at the meteorological station installed in the municipality was 10.7°C and the average annual cumulative precipitation was 857.2 mm. The maximum temperature recorded at this station was 40°C, reached on August 12, 2003; the minimum temperature was −18.3°C, reached on December 20, 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for Autun (1991–2020 averages)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record high °C (°F)</th><td>16.9(62.4)</td><td>20.3(68.5)</td><td>25.3(77.5)</td><td>28.2(82.8)</td><td>32.2(90.0)</td><td>36.9(98.4)</td><td>39.2(102.6)</td><td>40.0(104.0)</td><td>34.5(94.1)</td><td>28.9(84.0)</td><td>22.2(72.0)</td><td>16.8(62.2)</td><td>40.0(104.0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th><td>6.1(43.0)</td><td>7.8(46.0)</td><td>12.3(54.1)</td><td>15.8(60.4)</td><td>19.7(67.5)</td><td>23.5(74.3)</td><td>25.9(78.6)</td><td>25.8(78.4)</td><td>21.3(70.3)</td><td>16.3(61.3)</td><td>10.2(50.4)</td><td>6.6(43.9)</td><td>15.9(60.6)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th><td>−0.3(31.5)</td><td>−0.5(31.1)</td><td>1.4(34.5)</td><td>3.5(38.3)</td><td>7.5(45.5)</td><td>10.9(51.6)</td><td>12.6(54.7)</td><td>12.2(54.0)</td><td>8.6(47.5)</td><td>6.3(43.3)</td><td>2.7(36.9)</td><td>0.3(32.5)</td><td>5.4(41.7)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record low °C (°F)</th><td>−14.3(6.3)</td><td>−15.9(3.4)</td><td>−13.2(8.2)</td><td>−6.5(20.3)</td><td>−2.0(28.4)</td><td>0.5(32.9)</td><td>4.5(40.1)</td><td>1.7(35.1)</td><td>−1.2(29.8)</td><td>−7.9(17.8)</td><td>−12.0(10.4)</td><td>−18.3(−0.9)</td><td>−18.3(−0.9)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Precipitation/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th><td>80.7(3.18)</td><td>60.9(2.40)</td><td>60.1(2.37)</td><td>64.3(2.53)</td><td>74.9(2.95)</td><td>65.8(2.59)</td><td>60.3(2.37)</td><td>61.3(2.41)</td><td>63.1(2.48)</td><td>79.8(3.14)</td><td>91.3(3.59)</td><td>94.7(3.73)</td><td>857.2(33.75)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average precipitation days</th><td>10.6</td><td>9.0</td><td>9.2</td><td>10.0</td><td>10.6</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.3</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>10.5</td><td>11.7</td><td>12.6</td><td>117.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean monthly <a href="/facts/Sunshine_duration/wVBusklh">sunshine hours</a></th><td>67.3</td><td>102.5</td><td>161.7</td><td>196.6</td><td>209.1</td><td>245.4</td><td>261.9</td><td>228.0</td><td>191.8</td><td>124.1</td><td>71.6</td><td>58.5</td><td>1,918.4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source: Météo France<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="population">Population</h2> Historical population<table><tbody><tr><td><table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>Pop.</th><th>±% p.a.</th></tr><tr><th>1793 </th><td>7,792</td><td>— </td></tr><tr><th>1800 </th><td>9,176</td><td>+2.36%</td></tr><tr><th>1806 </th><td>9,400</td><td>+0.40%</td></tr><tr><th>1821 </th><td>9,744</td><td>+0.24%</td></tr><tr><th>1831 </th><td>9,936</td><td>+0.20%</td></tr><tr><th>1836 </th><td>10,435</td><td>+0.98%</td></tr><tr><th>1841 </th><td>11,164</td><td>+1.36%</td></tr><tr><th>1846 </th><td>11,637</td><td>+0.83%</td></tr><tr><th>1851 </th><td>11,997</td><td>+0.61%</td></tr><tr><th>1856 </th><td>11,156</td><td>−1.44%</td></tr><tr><th>1861 </th><td>11,897</td><td>+1.29%</td></tr><tr><th>1866 </th><td>12,389</td><td>+0.81%</td></tr><tr><th>1872 </th><td>11,684</td><td>−0.97%</td></tr><tr><th>1876 </th><td>12,889</td><td>+2.48%</td></tr><tr><th>1881 </th><td>14,049</td><td>+1.74%</td></tr><tr><th>1886 </th><td>14,895</td><td>+1.18%</td></tr><tr><th>1891 </th><td>15,187</td><td>+0.39%</td></tr><tr><th>1896 </th><td>15,543</td><td>+0.46%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>Pop.</th><th>±% p.a.</th></tr><tr><th>1901 </th><td>15,764</td><td>+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th>1906 </th><td>15,479</td><td>−0.36%</td></tr><tr><th>1911 </th><td>15,498</td><td>+0.02%</td></tr><tr><th>1921 </th><td>13,856</td><td>−1.11%</td></tr><tr><th>1926 </th><td>14,119</td><td>+0.38%</td></tr><tr><th>1931 </th><td>14,045</td><td>−0.11%</td></tr><tr><th>1936 </th><td>14,863</td><td>+1.14%</td></tr><tr><th>1946 </th><td>14,438</td><td>−0.29%</td></tr><tr><th>1954 </th><td>14,399</td><td>−0.03%</td></tr><tr><th>1962 </th><td>15,305</td><td>+0.77%</td></tr><tr><th>1968 </th><td>18,398</td><td>+3.12%</td></tr><tr><th>1975 </th><td>21,556</td><td>+2.29%</td></tr><tr><th>1982 </th><td>20,587</td><td>−0.65%</td></tr><tr><th>1990 </th><td>17,906</td><td>−1.73%</td></tr><tr><th>1999 </th><td>16,419</td><td>−0.96%</td></tr><tr><th>2007 </th><td>15,069</td><td>−1.07%</td></tr><tr><th>2012 </th><td>14,124</td><td>−1.29%</td></tr><tr><th>2017 </th><td>13,290</td><td>−1.21%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Source: EHESS<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> and INSEE (1968-2017)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="sights">Sights</h2> <p>The city boasts two ancient <a href="/facts/Roman_Empire/l4E1aUuV">Roman</a> gates (Porte Saint-André and Porte d'Arroux) and other ruins dating to the time of Augustus. One of the most impressive remains is that of the ancient theatre, which was one of the largest in the western part of the empire with a 17,000-seat capacity. To the northwest of the city is the so-called Temple of Janus, only two walls (faces) of which remain. To the southeast is the mysterious Pierre de Couhard, a rock pyramid of uncertain function which may date to Roman times. </p> <p><a href="/facts/Autun_Cathedral/PysWCyod">Autun Cathedral</a>, also known as <i>Saint Lazare Cathedral</i>, dates from the early twelfth century and is a major example of <a href="/facts/Romanesque_architecture/Um0RoAhL">Romanesque architecture</a>. It was formerly the chapel of the Dukes of Burgundy; their palace was the actual episcopal residence. The cathedral was originally built as a <a href="/facts/Pilgrimage/e0Gvd7TV">pilgrimage</a> church for the <a href="/facts/Veneration/tPnU7YtT">veneration</a> of the <a href="/facts/Relic/oSksAgIf">relic</a> Saint Lazarus, mentioned in the Gospels, and considered the first bishop of Marseille, and who, always according to tradition, arrived in Provence with Mary Magdalen. </p> <p>Autun's 12th-century bishop, Étienne de Bâgé, probably built the church in response to the <a href="/facts/V%25C3%25A9zelay_Abbey/AFqIGVJQ">construction of Ste. Madeleine</a> at nearby <a href="/facts/V%25C3%25A9zelay/5tvnbHRU">Vézelay</a>, home to the French <a href="/facts/Cult_(religion)/2Slz1GeL">cult</a> of <a href="/facts/Mary_Magdalene/x9a2Agb4">Mary Magdalene</a>. St. Lazare was only later elevated to the rank of cathedral, replacing the former cathedral dedicated to <a href="/facts/Nazarius_and_Celsus/6cFgQ87K">St. Nazaire</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>The Autun Cathedral is famous for its architectural sculpture, particularly the <a href="/facts/Tympanum_(architecture)/Ucw2eRAc">tympanum</a> of <a href="/facts/The_Last_Judgment/x5dW2R4x">The Last Judgment</a> above the west <a href="/facts/Portal_(architecture)/LentoNWS">portal</a>, surviving fragments from the lost portal of the north <a href="/facts/Transept/rF4Khgxz">transept</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Capital_(architecture)/A4Dxlbdg">capitals</a> in the <a href="/facts/Nave/F1U8RApb">nave</a> and <a href="/facts/Choir_(architecture)/WCTFKpTn">choir</a>. All of these are traditionally considered the work of <a href="/facts/Gislebertus/GgxQF1VB">Gislebertus</a>, whose name is on the west tympanum. It is uncertain whether Gislebertus is the name of the sculptor or of a <a href="/facts/Patron/7PwxjCXt">patron</a>. If Gislebertus is in fact the artist, he is one of very few medieval artists whose name is known. </p> <h2 id="other-notable-connections">Other notable connections</h2> <ul><li>Bishop and Saint <a href="/facts/Leodegar/gVtcp9vw">Leodegar</a> (c. 615 – 679)</li> <li>Nivelon I (d. 768) was known as Count of Autun</li> <li>In the late 9th century, <a href="/facts/Charles_Martel/5kLNW5lm">Charles Martel</a>'s daughter (name listed as Auda, Alane, or Aldana) married <a href="/facts/Thierry_IV/x5qSS7sf">Thierry IV</a> (also called Theoderich or Theoderic), Count of Autun.</li> <li>In the late 9th century, the countship was vacant after the death of <a href="/facts/Robert_the_Strong/pPEH0UdG">Robert the Strong</a>, but was returned to <a href="/facts/Bernard_Plantapilosa/RLx9BwNB">Bernard Plantapilosa</a>, son of <a href="/facts/Bernard_of_Septimania/vnoMrYYJ">Bernard of Septimania</a>, and then later to <a href="/facts/Bernard_of_Gothia/EjJXvxdk">Bernard of Gothia</a> after Bernard fell out of favor.</li> <li>In 878, King <a href="/facts/Louis_the_Younger/PNW8Bh0o">Louis the Younger</a> took the countship away and gave it to his chamberlain, Theodoric.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Honorius_Augustodunensis/Isc0YUhM">Honorius Augustodunensis</a> (died c. 1151)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Barth%25C3%25A9lemy_de_Chasseneuz/Ue4nSvKl">Barthélemy de Chasseneuz</a> practiced law in Autun in 1506, became crown attorney of the Autun bailliage in 1508, where he made his reputation as a criminal lawyer by his eloquent defense of a group of rats who were put on trial for destroying the barley crop of the province.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Nicolas_Rolin/5K6gjWwp">Nicolas Rolin</a>, Chancellor of Burgundy under <a href="/facts/Philip_the_Good/7R5JqQHo">Philip the Good</a>, came from Autun, where several examples of his artistic patronage can be seen. The <i><a href="/facts/Rolin_Madonna/xqX11b6E">Rolin Madonna</a></i>, by <a href="/facts/Jan_van_Eyck/yFDqbABp">Jan van Eyck</a>, in the <a href="/facts/Louvre/wtUVdNUF">Louvre</a>, shows what was probably at least intended as a view of Autun in the background.</li> <li>Autun is the main setting for <a href="/facts/James_Salter/pB2pK9Lp">James Salter</a>'s 1967 novel <i><a href="/facts/A_Sport_and_a_Pastime/C1tp9S8E">A Sport and a Pastime</a></i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="sport">Sport</h2> <ul><li>The European <a href="/facts/Triathlon/wnUJoUVB">Triathlon</a> Championships were also held in the town in 2006.</li> <li>The Fifth Stage of the <a href="/facts/2007_Tour_de_France/HMpJJfVR">2007 Tour de France</a> ended in the town, with the entrance to Autun being a twisting and winding route down from a nearby mountain.</li></ul> <h2 id="tourism">Tourism</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Tourism_in_Sa%25C3%25B4ne-et-Loire/gzJUkVy4">Tourism in Saône-et-Loire</a></p> <p>Autun's best-known museum is the <a href="/facts/Mus%25C3%25A9e_Rolin/tQlpc0R1">Musée Rolin</a>. It houses historical artistic collections. </p><p>Near Autun, tourists can also see: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Arboretum_de_P%25C3%25A9zanin/9me71PpH">Arboretum de Pézanin</a>, one of the richest forest collection in France</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Rock_of_Solutr%25C3%25A9/T0nPNufN">Rock of Solutré</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cluny_Abbey/cpeFc9DR">Cluny Abbey</a> and its medieval city</li> <li><a href="/facts/Charolles/oG5c6mCs">Charolles</a> and the "boeuf charolais"</li> <li><a href="/facts/M%25C3%25A2con/mYPVEzIX">Mâcon</a>, <a href="/facts/Paray-le-Monial/c9xcsLFp">Paray-le-Monial</a></li></ul> <h2 id="sister-cities">Sister cities</h2> <p>Autun has <a href="/facts/Sister_city/NVzDyA7v">sister city</a> relationships with the following municipalities. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>City</th><th>Country</th><th>Year</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Stevenage/APBBJ1T3">Stevenage</a></td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1975</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ingelheim_am_Rhein/LjT35e2l">Ingelheim am Rhein</a></td><td>Germany</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kawagoe%2c_Saitama/dVYEo51g">Kawagoe</a></td><td>Japan</td><td>2002<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ar%25C3%25A9valo/c3xJyobW">Arévalo</a></td><td>Spain</td><td>2005</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Abbey_of_St_Andoche%2c_Autun/bHhMqdvv">Abbey of St Andoche, Autun</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Abbey_of_Saint-Jean-le-Grand/sjfBs8m5">Abbey of Saint-Jean-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Communes_of_the_Sa%25C3%25B4ne-et-Loire_department/k3mxpUUT">Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Morvan_Regional_Natural_Park/FtI8cSdj">Morvan Regional Natural Park</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mus%25C3%25A9e_Rolin/tQlpc0R1">Musée Rolin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Les_T%25C3%25A9lots_Mine/vRha7qR6">Les Télots Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Autun/7f4RYqyn">Roman Catholic Diocese of Autun</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/%25C3%2589pinac_coal_mine/HIj95TI8">Épinac coal mine</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Westermann, <i>Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte</i> (in German)</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Autun. <a href="/facts/Wikisource/TrMdylNf">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition/mPElbCRY">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "Autun". <ul><li><a href="http://www.autun.com/">Official website</a> (in French)</li> <li><a href="http://france-for-visitors.com/burgundy/morvan/autun.html">Visiting Autun (tourist map and photos)</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302181023/http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/France/Burgundy%20Champagne/Autun/Autun.htm">Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace – Autun Cathedral St-Lazare Photo Pages</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307113231/http://tsiaa.org.uk/">The Stevenage-Ingelheim-Autun Association</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Xavier de Planhol; Paul Claval (17 March 1994). An Historical Geography of France. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-32208-9. <a href="978-0-521-32208-9" target="_blank">978-0-521-32208-9</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>[1]. <a href="http://www.grandautunoismorvan.fr/la-communaute-de-communes/le-territoire-149.html" target="_blank">http://www.grandautunoismorvan.fr/la-communaute-de-communes/le-territoire-149.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Présentation du territoire". www.grandautunoismorvan.fr (in French). Retrieved 2025-04-23. <a href="https://www.grandautunoismorvan.fr/la-communaute-de-communes/le-territoire" target="_blank">https://www.grandautunoismorvan.fr/la-communaute-de-communes/le-territoire</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>John Brian Harley, David Woodward, The History of Cartography Vol I p. 290. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Stefánik. Historical Atlas of the World. pp. 92–93. ISBN 9781781866153. <a href="9781781866153" target="_blank">9781781866153</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>« Les conciles d'Autun », article de Lucien Taupenot paru dans la revue Images de Saône-et-Loire No. 143 de septembre 2005 (p. 14-15). <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Edward Payson Evans, The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals (1906), p. 18. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Howard, Michael. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1962. p.254 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Laherrère, Jean (2005). "Review on oil shale data" (PDF). Hubbert Peak. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-06-17. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Laherr%C3%A8re" target="_blank">/wiki/Jean_Laherr%C3%A8re</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Joly, Daniel; Brossard, Thierry; Cardot, Hervé; Cavailhes, Jean; Hilal, Mohamed; Wavresky, Pierre (2010-06-18). "Les types de climats en France, une construction spatiale". Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography (in French). doi:10.4000/cybergeo.23155. ISSN 1278-3366. <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23155" target="_blank">https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23155</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Joly, Daniel; Brossard, Thierry; Cardot, Hervé; Cavailhes, Jean; Hilal, Mohamed; Wavresky, Pierre (2010-06-18). "Les types de climats en France, une construction spatiale". Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography (in French). doi:10.4000/cybergeo.23155. ISSN 1278-3366. <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23155" target="_blank">https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23155</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Données climatiques de la station de Troyes" (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602063020/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/troyes/10030001/normales" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190602063020/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/troyes/10030001/normales</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Climat Champagne-Ardenne" (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225073421/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/champagne-ardenne/regi21/normales" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180225073421/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/champagne-ardenne/regi21/normales</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Autun, EHESS (in French). <a href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=2040" target="_blank">http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=2040</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE <a href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-71014#ancre-POP_T1" target="_blank">https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-71014#ancre-POP_T1</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Linda Seidel, Legends in limestone: Lazarus, Gislebertus, and the Cathedral of Autun (University of Chicago Press, 1999), p. 35 online. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hQdw2Pf6Vy0C&dq=%22No+rationale+for+the+church%27s+construction%22&pg=PA34" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=hQdw2Pf6Vy0C&dq=%22No+rationale+for+the+church%27s+construction%22&pg=PA34</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>フランス共和国ブルゴーニュ州 オータン市 (in Japanese). Japan: Kawagoe International Center. 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-04-26. Retrieved 29 November 2014. <a href="フランス共和国ブルゴーニュ州 オータン市" target="_blank">フランス共和国ブルゴーニュ州 オータン市</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>