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CD24
open-in-new
<h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>CD24 is a <a href="/facts/Sialoglycoprotein/TQgglVkP">sialoglycoprotein</a> expressed at the surface of most <a href="/facts/B_lymphocyte/6Y1tgwwp">B lymphocytes</a> and differentiating <a href="/facts/Neuroblast/wsyKuaGu">neuroblasts</a>. It is also expressed on <a href="/facts/Neutrophil/KL6oTt8b">neutrophils</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> and neutrophil precursors from the <a href="/facts/Myelocyte/VKRWVD78">myelocyte</a> stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a <a href="/facts/Glycosyl_phosphatidylinositol/dKsjvUTx">glycosyl phosphatidylinositol</a> (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces <a href="/facts/Apoptosis/8dVzSm4y">apoptosis</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and this appears to be defective in <a href="/facts/Sepsis/n52bkffJ">sepsis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined. </p><p>Researchers have identified CD24 as a novel cell surface marker that flags anastasis in melanoma cells, a process where cells that have initiated apoptosis can recover and survive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> This discovery highlights CD24’s role in marking apoptotic subpopulations that exhibit metabolic activity and proliferative capacities, contributing to melanoma’s resilience and potential metastasis. </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Li D, Zheng L, Jin L, Zhou Y, Li H, Fu J, et al. (September 2009). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhep.23047">"CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection"</a>. <i>Hepatology</i>. 50 (3): 735–42. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhep.23047">10.1002/hep.23047</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19610054">19610054</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34010521">34010521</a>.</li> <li>Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Wudarski M, Łacki JK, Jagodziński PP (June 2010). "CD24 Ala57Val gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus". <i>Tissue Antigens</i>. 75 (6): 696–700. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1399-0039.2010.01447.x">10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01447.x</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20230526">20230526</a>.</li> <li>Honeth G, Bendahl PO, Ringnér M, Saal LH, Gruvberger-Saal SK, Lövgren K, et al. (2008). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2481503">"The CD44+/CD24- phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors"</a>. <i>Breast Cancer Research</i>. 10 (3): R53. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fbcr2108">10.1186/bcr2108</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2481503">2481503</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559090">18559090</a>.</li> <li>Nagy B, Szendroi A, Romics I (June 2009). "Overexpression of CD24, c-myc and phospholipase 2A in prostate cancer tissue samples obtained by needle biopsy". <i>Pathology & Oncology Research</i>. 15 (2): 279–83. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12253-008-9077-1">10.1007/s12253-008-9077-1</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18752058">18752058</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22572165">22572165</a>.</li> <li>Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim JM, Choi YL, Shin YK, Lee HC, et al. (March 2009). "Enhanced CD24 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its expression pattern in normal and hyperplastic endometrium". <i>Histology and Histopathology</i>. 24 (3): 309–16. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.14670%2FHH-24.309">10.14670/HH-24.309</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19130400">19130400</a>.</li> <li>Buess M, Rajski M, Vogel-Durrer BM, Herrmann R, Rochlitz C (October 2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745665">"Tumor-endothelial interaction links the CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype with poor prognosis in early-stage breast cancer"</a>. <i>Neoplasia</i>. 11 (10): 987–1002. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1593%2Fneo.09670">10.1593/neo.09670</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745665">2745665</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19794958">19794958</a>.</li> <li>Pruszak J, Ludwig W, Blak A, Alavian K, Isacson O (December 2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322476">"CD15, CD24, and CD29 define a surface biomarker code for neural lineage differentiation of stem cells"</a>. <i>Stem Cells</i>. 27 (12): 2928–40. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fstem.211">10.1002/stem.211</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322476">3322476</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19725119">19725119</a>.</li> <li>Liu Y, Chen GY, Zheng P (December 2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788100">"CD24-Siglec G/10 discriminates danger- from pathogen-associated molecular patterns"</a>. <i>Trends in Immunology</i>. 30 (12): 557–61. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.it.2009.09.006">10.1016/j.it.2009.09.006</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788100">2788100</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786366">19786366</a>.</li> <li>Vesuna F, Lisok A, Kimble B, Raman V (December 2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794513">"Twist modulates breast cancer stem cells by transcriptional regulation of CD24 expression"</a>. <i>Neoplasia</i>. 11 (12): 1318–28. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1593%2Fneo.91084">10.1593/neo.91084</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794513">2794513</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20019840">20019840</a>.</li> <li>Sagiv E, Arber N (February 2008). "The novel oncogene CD24 and its arising role in the carcinogenesis of the GI tract: from research to therapy". <i><a href="/facts/Expert_Review_of_Gastroenterology_%2526_Hepatology/APx8d90g">Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology</a></i>. 2 (1): 125–33. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2F17474124.2.1.125">10.1586/17474124.2.1.125</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19072375">19072375</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22336532">22336532</a>.</li> <li>Bauerschmitz GJ, Ranki T, Kangasniemi L, Ribacka C, Eriksson M, Porten M, et al. (July 2008). "Tissue-specific promoters active in CD44+CD24-/low breast cancer cells". <i>Cancer Research</i>. 68 (14): 5533–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-07-5288">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5288</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18632604">18632604</a>.</li> <li>Carl JW, Liu JQ, Joshi PS, El-Omrani HY, Yin L, Zheng X, et al. (July 2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.181.1.320">"Autoreactive T cells escape clonal deletion in the thymus by a CD24-dependent pathway"</a>. <i>Journal of Immunology</i>. 181 (1): 320–8. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.181.1.320">10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.320</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566397">18566397</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10530971">10530971</a>.</li> <li>Baumhoer D, Riener MO, Zlobec I, Tornillo L, Vogetseder A, Kristiansen G, et al. (February 2009). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmodpathol.2008.192">"Expression of CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 in tumors of the ampulla of Vater"</a>. <i>Modern Pathology</i>. 22 (2): 306–13. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmodpathol.2008.192">10.1038/modpathol.2008.192</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19043399">19043399</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36610531">36610531</a>.</li> <li>Wang W, Wang X, Peng L, Deng Q, Liang Y, Qing H, et al. (January 2010). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11159715">"CD24-dependent MAPK pathway activation is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation"</a>. <i>Cancer Science</i>. 101 (1): 112–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1349-7006.2009.01370.x">10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01370.x</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11159715">11159715</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19860845">19860845</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205235492">205235492</a>.</li> <li>Sano A, Kato H, Sakurai S, Sakai M, Tanaka N, Inose T, et al. (February 2009). "CD24 expression is a novel prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". <i>Annals of Surgical Oncology</i>. 16 (2): 506–14. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1245%2Fs10434-008-0252-0">10.1245/s10434-008-0252-0</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19050962">19050962</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30259987">30259987</a>.</li> <li>Yang XR, Xu Y, Yu B, Zhou J, Li JC, Qiu SJ, et al. (September 2009). <a href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/22440738">"CD24 is a novel predictor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery"</a>. <i>Clinical Cancer Research</i>. 15 (17): 5518–27. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1078-0432.CCR-09-0151">10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0151</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19706825">19706825</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15611706">15611706</a>.</li> <li>Lee JH, Kim SH, Lee ES, Kim YS (November 2009). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2For_00000548">"CD24 overexpression in cancer development and progression: a meta-analysis"</a>. <i>Oncology Reports</i>. 22 (5): 1149–56. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2For_00000548">10.3892/or_00000548</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19787233">19787233</a>.</li> <li>Gekara NO, Weiss S (November 2004). "Lipid rafts clustering and signalling by listeriolysin O". <i>Biochemical Society Transactions</i>. 32 (Pt 5): 712–4. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2FBST0320712">10.1042/BST0320712</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493995">15493995</a>.</li> <li>Athanassiadou P, Grapsa D, Gonidi M, Athanassiadou AM, Tsipis A, Patsouris E (2009). "CD24 expression has a prognostic impact in breast carcinoma". <i>Pathology, Research and Practice</i>. 205 (8): 524–33. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.prp.2009.01.008">10.1016/j.prp.2009.01.008</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243896">19243896</a>.</li> <li>Ronaghi M, Vallian S, Etemadifar M (December 2009). "CD24 gene polymorphism is associated with the disease progression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population". <i>Psychiatry Research</i>. 170 (2–3): 271–2. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2009.01.002">10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.002</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19896210">19896210</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35984512">35984512</a>.</li> <li>van de Peppel J, Schaaf G, Matos A, Guo Y, Strini T, Verschoor W, et al. (March 2021). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7984936">"Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD24 Marks Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Reduced Proliferative and Differentiation Capacity In Vitro"</a>. <i>Stem Cells & Development</i>. 30 (6): 325–336. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fscd.2021.0027">10.1089/scd.2021.0027</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7984936">7984936</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33593128">33593128</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=CD24+Antigen">CD24+Antigen</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/facts/Medical_Subject_Headings/C57g2JuF">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110123180438/http://www.ebioscience.com/ebioscience/whatsnew/mousecdchart.htm">Mouse CD Antigen Chart</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ebioscience.com/ebioscience/whatsnew/humancdchart.htm">Human CD Antigen Chart</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=CD24">www.copewithcytokines.de: description of CD24 expression</a></li> <li><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=CD24"><i>CD24</i></a> human gene location in the <a href="/facts/UCSC_Genome_Browser/kwumPyLb">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=CD24"><i>CD24</i></a> human gene details in the <a href="/facts/UCSC_Genome_Browser/kwumPyLb">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK (July 1994). "Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci". Genomics. 22 (1): 154–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1356. PMID 7959762. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Elghetany MT, Patel J (December 2002). "Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development". American Journal of Hematology. 71 (4): 348–9. doi:10.1002/ajh.10176. PMID 12447971. S2CID 39674808. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajh.10176" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajh.10176</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J (March 2017). "The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 99: 133–144. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011. PMID 27993646. S2CID 3492300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM (March 2014). "CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis". Journal of Immunology. 192 (5): 2449–59. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301055. PMID 24501201. S2CID 45838206. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.1301055" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.1301055</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM (March 2014). "CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis". Journal of Immunology. 192 (5): 2449–59. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301055. PMID 24501201. S2CID 45838206. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.1301055" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.1301055</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Vasileva MH, Bennemann A, Zachmann K, Schön MP, Frank J, Ulaganathan VK (August 2024). "CD24 flags anastasis in melanoma cells". Apoptosis. doi:10.1007/s10495-024-01990-1. PMC 11799124. PMID 39136818. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799124" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799124</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>