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Paradata (learning resource analytics)
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>In 2010, the term paradata was adopted by the <a href="/facts/National_Science_Digital_Library/FRerFsPy">National Science Digital Library</a> (NSDL)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> to reference data about user interactions with digital <a href="/facts/Learning_object/9HeRafv3">learning objects</a> within the NSDL’s STEM Exchange initiative.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The construct has since been adopted by other organizations engaged in digital library and digital learning resource projects including the Learning Registry<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> initiative spearheaded by the Office of Educational Technology at the U.S. Department of Education<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> and the Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative at the Department of Defense.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="technical-frameworks-for-sharing-learning-resource-paradata">Technical Frameworks for Sharing Learning Resource Paradata</h2> <p>In February 2011, NSDL released an open source <a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a> paradata framework versioned as NSDL comm_para1.0,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> the structure of which parallels similar schemas for metadata so that it can interoperate with <a href="/facts/Dublin_Core/krf0ert0">Dublin Core</a> based schemas including nsdl-dc.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>In October, 2011 the Learning Registry development team released its Paradata Specification V1.0 [<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> that details the schemata of <a href="/facts/JSON/bs1rUAhd">JSON</a> objects for representing learning resource paradata. In 2016 the US Dept of Ed and others published a spec for various companies to push their paradata to the Learning Registry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> That would mean various resource libraries could aggregate data on educational resources in one place. As an example, <a href="http://www.opened.com/">OpenEd</a>, <a href="https://www.google.com/edu/">Google</a>, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education">Microsoft</a> and others would push data on how many times an educational video was used by teachers, to help rank them by popularity. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/19ZkVpxQn1O1dLhCZClkQkzvypziBI7gBytszTxgXmX0/edit">Modeling Paradata and Assertions as Activities V2.0.1</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eFLnYq3-vJYTJZ5wNTAVEi3KJhcl4lT8048278YvHQs/edit?hl=en_US">Learning Registry Paradata Issue Brief</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119191914/http://connectededucators.org/blog/why-connected-online-communities-will-drive-the-future-of-digital-content-an-introduction-to-learning-resource-paradata/">Why Connected Online Communities Will Drive the Future of Digital Content: An Introduction to Learning Resource Paradata</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"What Is Paradata?". NSDL/UCAR. <a href="https://wiki.ucar.edu/display/nsdldocs/Paradata" target="_blank">https://wiki.ucar.edu/display/nsdldocs/Paradata</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Paradata in 20 Minutes or Less". Learning Registry. <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QG0lAmJ0ztHJq5DbiTGQj9DnQ8hP0Co0x0fB1QmoBco/edit?hl=en_US#heading=h.k1jtp0jnljko" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QG0lAmJ0ztHJq5DbiTGQj9DnQ8hP0Co0x0fB1QmoBco/edit?hl=en_US#heading=h.k1jtp0jnljko</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Najjar, Jehad; Martin Wolpers; Eric Duval (September–October 2007). "Contextualized Attention Metadata: Personalized Access to Digital Resources". D-Lib Magazine. 13 (9/10). doi:10.1045/september2007-wolpers. <a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september07/wolpers/09wolpers.html" target="_blank">http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september07/wolpers/09wolpers.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Smith-Yoshimura, Karen; Cyndi Shein (September 2011). Social Metadata for Libraries, Archives and Museums Part 1: Site Reviews (PDF). OCLC Research. <a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2011/2011-02.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2011/2011-02.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"National Science Digital Library". NSDL/UCAR. Archived from the original on 2011-01-17. Retrieved 2020-04-30. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110117151800/http://nsdl.org/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110117151800/http://nsdl.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"STEM Exchange". NSDL/UCAR. <a href="http://stemexchange.org" target="_blank">http://stemexchange.org</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Learning Registry". <a href="http://learningregistry.org" target="_blank">http://learningregistry.org</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Office of Educational Technology". <a href="http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/index.html" target="_blank">http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Advanced Distributed Learning". <a href="http://adlnet.gov" target="_blank">http://adlnet.gov</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"NSDL Comm_Para 1.00 Specification". NSDL/UCAR. <a href="http://ns.nsdl.org/ncs/comm_para/1.00/schemas/comm_para.xsd" target="_blank">http://ns.nsdl.org/ncs/comm_para/1.00/schemas/comm_para.xsd</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Contributing Paradata (Usage Data) to NSDL". NSDL/UCAR. <a href="http://wiki.ucar.edu/x/86qrB" target="_blank">http://wiki.ucar.edu/x/86qrB</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Learning Registry Paradata Specification V1.0". Learning Registry. <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IrOYXd3S0FUwNozaEG5tM7Ki4_AZPrBn-pbyVUz-Bh0/edit?hl=en_US#heading=h.vl3q267ld2zv" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IrOYXd3S0FUwNozaEG5tM7Ki4_AZPrBn-pbyVUz-Bh0/edit?hl=en_US#heading=h.vl3q267ld2zv</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Deprecated – This Code Base is No Longer Maintained". GitHub. 15 March 2019. <a href="https://github.com/learningtapestry/metadataregistry/blob/master/docs/04_paradata.md" target="_blank">https://github.com/learningtapestry/metadataregistry/blob/master/docs/04_paradata.md</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>