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Khan Jamal
open-in-new
<h2 id="early-life">Early life</h2> <p>Warren Robert Cheeseboro was born in <a href="/facts/Jacksonville%2c_Florida/u6syYft2">Jacksonville, Florida</a>, on July 23, 1946.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> His father, Henry McCloud, worked as an entrepreneur; his mother, Willa Mae Cheeseboro, was a <a href="/facts/Stride_pianist/KSAGSTjw">stride pianist</a>. He was raised in <a href="/facts/Philadelphia/2bFFCCTU">Philadelphia</a>, and began playing the <a href="/facts/Vibraphone/sXguIYEL">vibraphone</a> during the later part of his teenage years in the mid-1960s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Jamal attended the <a href="/facts/Granoff_School_of_Music/8mrQAKD5">Granoff School of Music</a> and the <a href="/facts/Combs_College_of_Music/pTh4UgUg">Combs College of Music</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="career">Career</h2> <p>Jamal first played for a group called Cosmic Forces during the later part of the 1960s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> He also played with <a href="/facts/The_Sun_Ra_Arkestra/mV56Eym8">The Sun Ra Arkestra</a>. After leaving the group, he teamed up with several other of its former members to play with <a href="/facts/Sunny_Murray/X4z0aL52">Sunny Murray</a>'s group Untouchable Factor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>Jamal later co-founded <a href="/facts/Sounds_of_Liberation/ro9m8nqk">Sounds of Liberation</a> with <a href="/facts/Byard_Lancaster/DxkwYmBt">Byard Lancaster</a> in 1970.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Its members included <a href="/facts/Monnette_Sudler/uKbnsM5Y">Monnette Sudler</a> (guitar), Billy Mills (bass), Dwight James (drums), and Omar Hill and Rashid Salim (percussion). The band released its only album, titled <i><a href="/facts/New_Horizons_(Sounds_of_Liberation_album)/nCA7F4fq">New Horizons</a></i>, two years later on its own <a href="/facts/Record_label/rcrpGvM4">record label</a> Dogtown.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> However, it gained little impact outside Philadelphia at the time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> The album was eventually <a href="/facts/Reissue/X0tvXuYe">reissued</a> on <a href="/facts/Porter_Records/wonnwWl6">Porter Records</a> in 2010. This gave the group a new lease on life, culminating in the re-emergence of a recording made at <a href="/facts/Columbia_University/Hlf1gw53">Columbia University</a> in 1973. It was ultimately issued in 2019 as <i><a href="/facts/Unreleased_(Columbia_University_1973)/lrBk50wI">Unreleased</a></i> on Dogtown/Brewerytown.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>In addition to leading his own groups, Jamal performed with <a href="/facts/Ronald_Shannon_Jackson/Wd4gEVYU">Ronald Shannon Jackson</a>'s Decoding Society in the 1980s,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Joe_Bonner/N76No2u3">Joe Bonner</a>, <a href="/facts/Billy_Bang/B281JzBs">Billy Bang</a>, <a href="/facts/Charles_Tyler_(musician)/Fyd32wGz">Charles Tyler</a> and others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> His first solo album was <i><a href="/facts/Drum_Dance_to_the_Motherland/MWwctq7a">Drum Dance to the Motherland</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> a <a href="/facts/Live_recording/WFW6z2fj">live recording</a> that was held in a small café in his hometown and first released in 1973.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> It was reissued by <a href="/facts/Eremite_Records/0gtdzc2j">Eremite Records</a> in 2006, with the label describing it as "the most legendary private press underground jazz album of the 1970s".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Another solo album by Jamal, <i>Infinity</i> (1984), was reissued by Jazz Room in 2021 and dubbed <a href="/facts/Spiritual_jazz/Mk702mjG">spiritual jazz</a> by <a href="/facts/WBGO/yw38U2B0">WBGO</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>Jamal's style connected the two contrasting forms of <a href="/facts/Free_jazz/kKAnd1kL">free jazz</a> and <a href="/facts/Jazz_fusion/c3Qpywpq">jazz fusion</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> He was also known for his skill of shifting modes and moods, as well as his versatile way towards music. He was a frequent performer at the <a href="/facts/Vision_Festival/DQ7PqMTG">Vision Festival</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2> <p>Jamal had two sons: Khan II and Tahir.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> He died on January 10, 2022, at the Chestnut Hill Hospital in <a href="/facts/Philadelphia/2bFFCCTU">Philadelphia</a>. He was 75, and suffered <a href="/facts/Kidney_failure/gsqb5nos">kidney failure</a> prior to his death.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="discography">Discography</h2> <h3>As leader</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Year</th><th>Label</th></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/facts/Drum_Dance_to_the_Motherland/MWwctq7a">Drum Dance to the Motherland</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td>1972</td><td>Dogtown</td></tr><tr><td><i>Give the Vibes Some</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td>1974</td><td><a href="/facts/Palm_Records/TvIhXCyL">Palm</a> 10</td></tr><tr><td><i>The River</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td>1978</td><td><a href="/facts/Philly_Jazz/pTlfUnaA">Philly Jazz</a> 1002, with Bill Lewis</td></tr><tr><td><i>Infinity</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td>1984</td><td>Con'brio 001; Stash 278; Jambrio 1001; Jazz Room 006</td></tr><tr><td><i>Dark Warrior</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td>1984</td><td><a href="/facts/SteepleChase_Records/N1V8qBjU">SteepleChase</a></td></tr><tr><td><i>Three</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td>1985</td><td>SteepleChase with Pierre Dørge, Johnny Dyani</td></tr><tr><td><i>The Traveller</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td>1985</td><td>SteepleChase</td></tr><tr><td><i>Thinking of You</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td>1986</td><td><a href="/facts/Storyville_Records/G6Q5pwlW">Storyville</a> 4138</td></tr><tr><td><i>Speak Easy</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td>1988</td><td><a href="/facts/Gazell/ufbU9b0T">Gazell</a> 4001</td></tr><tr><td><i>Don't Take No!</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td>1989</td><td>Stash ST-CD-20</td></tr><tr><td><i>Percussion & Strings</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td>1997</td><td><a href="/facts/CIMP/Mr65hotF">CIMP</a></td></tr><tr><td><i>Cubano Chant</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td>2000</td><td>Jambrio 1002</td></tr><tr><td><i>Balafon Dance</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td>2002</td><td>CIMP</td></tr><tr><td><i>Cool</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td>2002</td><td>Jambrio 1008</td></tr><tr><td><i>Nothing Is Wrong</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td>2003</td><td>CIMP with Odean Pope</td></tr><tr><td><i>Black Awareness</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td>2005</td><td>CIMP</td></tr><tr><td><i>Return from Exile</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td>2005</td><td>Discograph 6124582</td></tr><tr><td><i>Fire and Water</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td>2007</td><td>CIMP with <a href="/facts/Dylan_Taylor_(bassist)/0Dch6CeE">Dylan Taylor</a>-bass</td></tr><tr><td><i>Impressions of Coltrane</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td>2009</td><td>SteepleChase</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>As sideman</h3> <p>Sources:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Artist</th><th>Name</th><th>Year</th><th>Label</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sounds_of_Liberation/ro9m8nqk">Sounds of Liberation</a></td><td><i><a href="/facts/New_Horizons_(Sounds_of_Liberation_album)/nCA7F4fq">New Horizons</a></i></td><td>1972</td><td>Dogtown</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ted_Daniel/Rs9BK0y8">Ted Daniel</a></td><td><i>Tapestry</i></td><td>1974</td><td>Sun</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Monnette_Sudler/uKbnsM5Y">Monnette Sudler</a></td><td><i>Brighter Days for You</i></td><td>1978</td><td>Steeplechase</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ronald_Shannon_Jackson/Wd4gEVYU">Ronald Shannon Jackson</a> & the Decoding Society</td><td><i>Nasty</i></td><td>1981</td><td>Moers</td></tr><tr><td>Dwight James</td><td><i>Inner Heat</i></td><td>1983</td><td>Cadence</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jemeel_Moondoc/vLKN7m37">Jemeel Moondoc</a></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Konstanze%2527s_Delight/8oWbInj5">Konstanze's Delight</a></i></td><td>1983</td><td>Soul Note</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Billy_Bang/B281JzBs">Billy Bang</a></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Outline_No._12/4Yutmtcc">Outline No. 12</a></i></td><td>1983</td><td>Celluloid</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Joe_Bonner/N76No2u3">Joe Bonner</a></td><td><i>Suite for Chocolate</i></td><td>1985</td><td>SteepleChase</td></tr><tr><td>Omar Hill and Art Webb</td><td><i>Caribbean Breeze</i></td><td>1986</td><td>Gaslight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dan_Fogel_(musician)/0ry1v27C">Dan Fogel</a></td><td><i>Naked Flowers</i></td><td>1986</td><td>Laughing Waters</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sunny_Murray/X4z0aL52">Sunny Murray</a></td><td><i>Change of the Century Orchestra</i></td><td>1999</td><td>JAS</td></tr><tr><td>Omar Hill</td><td><i>Tribes of the Future</i></td><td>2000</td><td>Afrotex</td></tr><tr><td>Jemeel Moondoc</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Revolt_of_the_Negro_Lawn_Jockeys/sAL2XN2Q">Revolt of the Negro Lawn Jockeys</a></i></td><td>2001</td><td>Eremite</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Roy_Campbell_Jr./o4wWrVpT">Roy Campbell Jr.</a></td><td><i><a href="/facts/It%2527s_Krunch_Time/F7nANgwX">It's Krunch Time</a></i></td><td>2001</td><td>Thirsty Ear</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Antipop_Consortium/oGbIwlhT">Antipop Consortium</a> and <a href="/facts/Matthew_Shipp/8HbPoPgm">Matthew Shipp</a></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Antipop_vs._Matthew_Shipp/nmpp4XQB">Antipop vs. Matthew Shipp</a></i></td><td>2003</td><td>Thirsty Ear</td></tr><tr><td>Matthew Shipp</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Equilibrium_(Matthew_Shipp_album)/mECJfjpo">Equilibrium</a></i></td><td>2003</td><td>Thirsty Ear</td></tr><tr><td>Thunderbird Service</td><td><i>Soul Unity</i></td><td>2006</td><td>Heavenly Sweetness</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/DJ_Spooky/50rFkVqM">DJ Spooky</a></td><td><i>The Secret Song</i></td><td>2009</td><td>Thirsty Ear</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Robin_Rimbaud/ksBz3pzF">Scanner</a> with the Post Modern Jazz Quartet</td><td><i>Blink of an Eye</i></td><td>2010</td><td>Thirsty Ear</td></tr><tr><td>Sounds of Liberation</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Unreleased_(Columbia_University_1973)/lrBk50wI">Unreleased (Columbia University 1973)</a></i></td><td>2018</td><td>Dogtown</td></tr></tbody></table> <ol> <li>^ a b c d e f <a href="/facts/Ron_Wynn/rMoeJTHN">Wynn, Ron</a> (1994), Ron Wynn (ed.), <i><a href="/facts/All_Music_Guide_to_Jazz/mLl7tcBL">All Music Guide to Jazz</a></i>, M. Erlewine, V. Bogdanov, San Francisco: Miller Freeman, pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetoj00wynn/page/370">370–371</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-87930-308-2 </li> <li>^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Chinen, Nate (January 11, 2022). <a href="https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75">"Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75"</a>. WBGO. Retrieved January 13, 2022. The band released one album, originally titled <i>New Horizons</i>, on its own Dogtown label in 1972. Its impact was barely felt outside of Philadelphia, though it has since acquired a glowing cachet. </li> <li>^ a b c <a href="/facts/Richard_Cook_(journalist)/rJgqusBh">Cook, Richard</a>; <a href="/facts/Brian_Morton_(Scottish_writer)/f1ryA7bI">Brian Morton</a> (2008) [1992]. <i>The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings</i>. <a href="/facts/The_Penguin_Guide_to_Jazz/lJlH85nh">The Penguin Guide to Jazz</a> (9th ed.). New York: Penguin. pp. 762–763. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-14-103401-0. </li> <li>^ a b c d e f g h i Ruiz, Matthew Ismael (January 12, 2022). <a href="https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75">"Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75"</a>. <i>Pitchfork</i>. Retrieved January 13, 2022. </li> <li>^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/khan-jamal-mn0000075920/discography/all">"Khan Jamal – Album Discography"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/AllMusic/Hb8cU8Fb">AllMusic</a></i>. Retrieved January 12, 2022. </li> <li>^ Laing, Ralph (1981). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VT05AQAAIAAJ&q=%22khan+jamal%22+%22Give+the+Vibes+Some%22"><i>Jazz Records: The Specialist Labels</i></a>. Vol. 2. Jazzmedia. p. 413. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-87-88043-01-3. </li> <li>^ a b Lord, Tom (1992). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcxHAAAAMAAJ&q=%22khan+jamal%22"><i>The Jazz Discography</i></a>. Lord Music Reference. p. J-86. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-881993-01-8. </li> <li>^ <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/khan-jamal-mn0000075920/credits">"Khan Jamal – Credits"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/AllMusic/Hb8cU8Fb">AllMusic</a></i>. Retrieved January 12, 2022. </li> <li>^ <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/khan-jamal-mn0000075920/credits">"Khan Jamal: Credits"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i>. Retrieved September 3, 2023. </li> <li>^ <a href="http://www.jazzlists.com/SJ_Khan_Jamal.htm">"Khan Jamal discography"</a>. <i>JazzLists</i>. Retrieved September 3, 2023. </li> </ol> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=7956">Khan Jamal</a> at <a href="/facts/All_About_Jazz/ax6HEKEK">All About Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/khan-jamal-p8841">Khan Jamal</a> at <a href="/facts/Allmusic/Hb8cU8Fb">allmusic</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Khan+Jamal">Khan Jamal</a> discography at <a href="/facts/Discogs/wdyMoREv">Discogs</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Wynn, Ron (1994), Ron Wynn (ed.), All Music Guide to Jazz, M. Erlewine, V. Bogdanov, San Francisco: Miller Freeman, pp. 370–371, ISBN 978-0-87930-308-2 <a href="978-0-87930-308-2" target="_blank">978-0-87930-308-2</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Wynn, Ron (1994), Ron Wynn (ed.), All Music Guide to Jazz, M. Erlewine, V. Bogdanov, San Francisco: Miller Freeman, pp. 370–371, ISBN 978-0-87930-308-2 <a href="978-0-87930-308-2" target="_blank">978-0-87930-308-2</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Chinen, Nate (January 11, 2022). "Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75". WBGO. Retrieved January 13, 2022. The band released one album, originally titled New Horizons, on its own Dogtown label in 1972. Its impact was barely felt outside of Philadelphia, though it has since acquired a glowing cachet. <a href="https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75" target="_blank">https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Cook, Richard; Brian Morton (2008) [1992]. The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings. The Penguin Guide to Jazz (9th ed.). New York: Penguin. pp. 762–763. ISBN 978-0-14-103401-0. <a href="978-0-14-103401-0" target="_blank">978-0-14-103401-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Chinen, Nate (January 11, 2022). "Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75". WBGO. Retrieved January 13, 2022. The band released one album, originally titled New Horizons, on its own Dogtown label in 1972. Its impact was barely felt outside of Philadelphia, though it has since acquired a glowing cachet. <a href="https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75" target="_blank">https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ruiz, Matthew Ismael (January 12, 2022). "Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75". Pitchfork. Retrieved January 13, 2022. <a href="https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75" target="_blank">https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Wynn, Ron (1994), Ron Wynn (ed.), All Music Guide to Jazz, M. Erlewine, V. Bogdanov, San Francisco: Miller Freeman, pp. 370–371, ISBN 978-0-87930-308-2 <a href="978-0-87930-308-2" target="_blank">978-0-87930-308-2</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Chinen, Nate (January 11, 2022). "Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75". WBGO. Retrieved January 13, 2022. The band released one album, originally titled New Horizons, on its own Dogtown label in 1972. Its impact was barely felt outside of Philadelphia, though it has since acquired a glowing cachet. <a href="https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75" target="_blank">https://www.wbgo.org/music/2022-01-11/khan-jamal-vibraphonist-who-merged-free-jazz-and-fusion-in-a-spiritual-vein-is-dead-at-75</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Ruiz, Matthew Ismael (January 12, 2022). "Khan Jamal, vibraphonist who merged free jazz and fusion in a spiritual vein, is dead at 75". Pitchfork. 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Retrieved September 3, 2023. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/khan-jamal-mn0000075920/credits" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/khan-jamal-mn0000075920/credits</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>"Khan Jamal discography". JazzLists. Retrieved September 3, 2023. <a href="http://www.jazzlists.com/SJ_Khan_Jamal.htm" target="_blank">http://www.jazzlists.com/SJ_Khan_Jamal.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>