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SMS S119
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<h2 id="construction-and-design">Construction and design</h2> <p>The <i>S90</i>-class consisted of 48 torpedo-boats, built between 1898 and 1907 by Schichau and <a href="/facts/Germaniawerft/D4SQ7zTA">Germaniawerft</a> for the Imperial German Navy. They were larger than previous German torpedo-boats, allowing them to work effectively with the <a href="/facts/High_Seas_Fleet/6YClQGHo">High Seas Fleet</a> in the <a href="/facts/North_Sea/htGJNmsb">North Sea</a>, while also being large enough to act as flotilla leader when necessary, thus eliminating the need for separate larger division boats.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p><i>S119</i> was one of a group of six torpedo boats built by Schichau between 1902 and 1903.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> She was <a href="/facts/Ceremonial_ship_launching/kFSJFllx">launched</a> from Schichau's Elbing shipyard on 8 July 1903 and commissioned on 6 September 1903.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p><i>S119</i> was 63.2 metres (207 ft 4 in) long <a href="/facts/Length_overall/YMeByubQ">overall</a> and 63.0 metres (206 ft 8 in) <a href="/facts/Waterline_length/D9a12yhM">at the waterline</a>, with a <a href="/facts/Beam_(nautical)/kG7egDLm">beam</a> of 7.0 metres (23 ft 0 in) and a <a href="/facts/Draft_(ship)/MHGIRjC0">draft</a> of 2.69 metres (8 ft 10 in). <a href="/facts/Displacement_(ship)/19jbfNuM">Displacement</a> was 315 tonnes (310 long tons) normal and 415 tonnes (408 long tons) deep load. Three coal-fired <a href="/facts/Three-drum_boiler/FwoMQFBN">Thornycroft</a> three-drum <a href="/facts/Water-tube_boiler/AXewR098">water-tube boilers</a> fed steam to 2 sets of 3-cylinder <a href="/facts/Steam_engine/f7hN8vzm">triple expansion steam engines</a> rated at 5,900 <a href="/facts/Metric_horsepower/jRMwmIxA">PS</a> (5,800 ihp; 4,300 kW), giving a design speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph), with speeds of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph) reached during <a href="/facts/Sea_trials/qSmL1pdM">sea trials</a>. 102 tonnes (100 long tons) of coal was carried, giving a range of 980 nautical miles (1,810 km; 1,130 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>While the <i>S90</i>-class were of similar size to contemporary foreign <a href="/facts/Torpedo-boat_destroyer/bkYL7bI8">torpedo-boat destroyers</a>, the German navy saw their role as primarily torpedo attack against opposing fleets, rather than defending their own fleet against attack, so the ships had a lighter gun armament than British destroyers, and a lower silhouette to avoid detection during night attacks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> <i>S119</i> had a gun armament of three <a href="/facts/5_cm_SK_L%2f40_gun/3GGuvaze">5 cm SK L/40 guns</a> in single mounts, while torpedo armament consisted of three single 450 mm <a href="/facts/Torpedo_tube/D0o8sNR1">torpedo tubes</a> (one in a well deck between the raised <a href="/facts/Forecastle/VuaUcfoz">forecastle</a> and the bridge, with the remaining two tubes aft of the bridge. Two reload torpedoes were carried.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The ship had a complement of 49 officers and men.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="service">Service</h2> <p>In May 1904 <i>S119</i> was the Division boat or leader of the 6th Torpedo-boat Division of the 1st Torpedo-boat Flotilla,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> while in 1907, she was division boat of the 8th Half-flotilla of the 2nd School Flotilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> In 1910, she was listed as leader of the 9th Half-Flotilla of the 5th Torpedoboat Flotilla,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> remaining there until 1912.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> In 1913 <i>S119</i> was fitted with new boilers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> In 1914, <i>S119</i> was leader of the 7th Half-Flotilla of the 4th Torpedo-boat Flotilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p><i>S119</i> remained part of the 7th Half-Flotilla on the outbreak of the <a href="/facts/First_World_War/vITTUanQ">First World War</a> in August 1914.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> In October 1914, in an attempt to take advantage of the Royal Navy's distraction by operations in the English Channel, the German Navy decided to lay a minefield off the mouth of the <a href="/facts/River_Thames/XnQWN52L">River Thames</a> or in <a href="/facts/The_Downs_(ship_anchorage)/Tqqqy3bq">The Downs</a>. Four torpedo-boats of the 7th Half-Flotilla, led by <i><a href="/facts/Korvettenkapit%25C3%25A4n/6PvjQsbK">Korvettenkapitän</a></i> <a href="/facts/Georg_Thiele/8uk0PF3U">Georg Thiele</a> aboard <i>S119</i>, with the remaining ships <a href="/facts/SMS_S115/mRqyxewq"><i>S115</i></a>, S117 and S118, set out from the <a href="/facts/Ems_(river)/acUL228K">Ems</a> on 17 October 1914, with these elderly ships selected for this mission because they were unfit for other duties and considered disposable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> Later that day, the four torpedo boats ran into a British patrol on the <a href="/facts/Broad_Fourteens/gU0Ca7Kz">Broad Fourteens</a> off <a href="/facts/Terschelling/d8E3Uu3G">Terschelling</a> in the <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a>. The British patrol, the light cruiser <a href="/facts/HMS_Undaunted_(1914)/vp6CpeLB"><i>Undaunted</i></a> and four destroyers <a href="/facts/HMS_Lance_(1914)/IfXxB2Cc"><i>Lance</i></a>, <a href="/facts/HMS_Legion_(1914)/4cNdfuIo"><i>Legion</i></a>, <a href="/facts/HMS_Lennox_(1914)/pHrRcdbF"><i>Lennox</i></a> and <a href="/facts/HMS_Loyal_(1913)/gY9eLqWy"><i>Loyal</i></a> of the <a href="/facts/Harwich_Force/R1eGVrCM">Harwich Force</a>, engaged the four German torpedo boats in the <a href="/facts/Battle_off_Texel/GTmdTE99">Battle off Texel</a>. The German ships were unable to escape (although originally capable of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph), by 1914 they were only capable of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a>) and were heavily outgunned, with all four German ships sunk with little damage being done to the British ships. <i>S119</i> attempted a torpedo attack against <i>Undaunted</i> but was sunk by <i>Loyal</i> and <i>Legion</i>. The British rescued 34 officers and men from the four German ships, with two more picked up the next day by a neutral fishing vessel. 47 of <i>S119</i>'s crew were lost, including Georg Thiele.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> On 30 November a British trawler fished up a lead-lined chest that had been jettisoned by <i>S119</i> before she was sunk. The chest contained a <a href="/facts/Codebook/X78YE7AS">codebook</a> used by flag officers at sea.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> The destroyer <a href="/facts/German_destroyer_Z2_Georg_Thiele/8uk0PF3U"><i>Georg Thiele</i></a> was named after <i>S119</i>'s commanding officer in the 1930s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140905214707/http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1910s/1917-1.pdf">"Action on October 17th, 1914, between the Undaunted, Legion, Loyal, Lance and Lennox and four German T. B. D's. of S. Class"</a> (PDF). <i>The Naval Review</i>. V. London: The Naval Society. 1919. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9030883">9030883</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1910s/1917-1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2016-11-26.</li> <li>Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-85177-133-5.</li> <li>Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). <i>Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-85177-245-5.</li> <li>Gröner, Erich (1983). <i>Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote</i>. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 3-7637-4801-6.</li> <li>Halpern, Paul G. (1994). <i>A Naval History of World War I</i>. London: UCL Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85728-498-4.</li> <li>Koop, Gerhard; Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2014). <i>German Destroyers of World War II</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-84832-193-9.</li> <li><a href="http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.III_opt.pdf#67"><i>Monograph No. 11: Heligoland Bight—The Action of August 28, 1914</i></a> (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. III. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1921. pp. 110–166. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220734221">220734221</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf"><i>Monograph No. 24: Home Waters—Part II.: September and October 1914</i></a> (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XI. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Reinhard_Scheer/qvMIAMcN">Scheer, Reinhard</a> (1920). <a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924027832744"><i>Germany's High Sea Fleet in the World War</i></a>. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne: Cassell. pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924027832744/page/n81">60</a>–62. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2765294">2765294</a>.</li> <li>Viscount Hythe (1912). <a href="https://archive.org/details/brasseysnavala1912brasuoft"><i>The Naval Annual 1912</i></a>. Portsmouth, UK: J. Griffin and Co.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Fred_T._Jane/Q2GQTdj4">Jane, Fred T.</a> (1970) [Originally published by Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. London: 1906]. <i>Jane's Fighting Ships 1906–7</i>. London: David & Charles (Publishers). <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7153-4715-2.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff" ('His Majesty's Ship') <a href="/wiki/Seiner_Majest%C3%A4t_Schiff" target="_blank">/wiki/Seiner_Majest%C3%A4t_Schiff</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>The "S" in S119 denoted the shipbuilder who constructed her.[1] <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979, pp. 262, 265 - Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 164–165 - Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Emmerich, Michael (28 June 2010). "Großes Torpedoboot 1898: History". German Naval History. Retrieved 19 November 2016. <a href="http://www.german-navy.de/hochseeflotte/ships/torpedoboats/gtb1898/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.german-navy.de/hochseeflotte/ships/torpedoboats/gtb1898/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979, p. 265 - Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Gröner 1983, p. 43 - Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Gröner 1983, p. 44 - Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Gröner 1983, p. 43 - Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979, p. 262 - Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979, p. 265 - Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Gröner 1983, p. 43 - Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Hythe 1912, p. 257 - Viscount Hythe (1912). The Naval Annual 1912. Portsmouth, UK: J. Griffin and Co. <a href="https://archive.org/details/brasseysnavala1912brasuoft" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/brasseysnavala1912brasuoft</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Jane 1970, p. 252 - Jane, Fred T. (1970) [Originally published by Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. London: 1906]. Jane's Fighting Ships 1906–7. London: David & Charles (Publishers). ISBN 0-7153-4715-2. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1904. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1904. p. 21 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf. <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8144519" target="_blank">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8144519</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1907. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1907. p. 28 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf. <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8148209" target="_blank">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8148209</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1910. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1910. p. 58 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf. <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8195340" target="_blank">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8195340</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1911. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1911. p. 58 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf. <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8195802" target="_blank">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8195802</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1912. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1912. p. 60 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf. <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8144919" target="_blank">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8144919</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Gröner 1983, p. 43 - Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1914. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1914. p. 63 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf. <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8162603" target="_blank">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8162603</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Naval Staff Monograph No. 11 1921, p. 163 - Monograph No. 11: Heligoland Bight—The Action of August 28, 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. III. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1921. pp. 110–166. OCLC 220734221. <a href="http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.III_opt.pdf#67" target="_blank">http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.III_opt.pdf#67</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Halpern 1994, p. 35 - Halpern, Paul G. (1994). A Naval History of World War I. London: UCL Press. ISBN 1-85728-498-4. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Scheer 1920, p. 60 - Scheer, Reinhard (1920). Germany's High Sea Fleet in the World War. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne: Cassell. pp. 60–62. OCLC 2765294. <a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924027832744" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/cu31924027832744</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Naval Staff Monograph No. 24 1924, pp. 117–118 - Monograph No. 24: Home Waters—Part II.: September and October 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XI. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924. <a href="http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Naval Staff Monograph No. 24 1924, p. 118 - Monograph No. 24: Home Waters—Part II.: September and October 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XI. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924. <a href="http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Naval Staff Monograph No. 24 1924, pp. 117–119 - Monograph No. 24: Home Waters—Part II.: September and October 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XI. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924. <a href="http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval-Staff-Monographs-Vol.XI_opt.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>The Naval Review Vol. V 1919, pp. 140–144 - "Action on October 17th, 1914, between the Undaunted, Legion, Loyal, Lance and Lennox and four German T. B. D's. of S. Class" (PDF). The Naval Review. V. London: The Naval Society. 1919. OCLC 9030883. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2016-11-26. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140905214707/http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1910s/1917-1.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140905214707/http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1910s/1917-1.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Gröner 1983, p. 44 - Gröner, Erich (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnelleboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6. <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Halpern 1994, pp. 36–37 - Halpern, Paul G. (1994). A Naval History of World War I. London: UCL Press. ISBN 1-85728-498-4. <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Koop & Schmolke 2014, p. 78 - Koop, Gerhard; Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2014). German Destroyers of World War II. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-193-9. <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>