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Laban notation symbols
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>see <a href="/facts/Rudolf_Laban/pPKYJdtG">Rudolf Laban</a>. </p> <h2 id="notation-staff">Notation staff</h2> <p>The concept of a "staff" is borrowed from music and the <a href="/facts/Musical_staff/PldhTGvE">musical staff</a>. It provides the basic framework for notating. </p> <h2 id="body-symbols">Body symbols</h2> <h2 id="spatial-symbols">Spatial symbols</h2> <p>Several different methods have developed for notating space. </p> <h3>General spatial changes</h3> <h3>Direction symbols</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/Labanotation/2r8qD6nr">Labanotation</a> the direction symbols are organized as three levels: high, middle, and low (or deep):<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="8">27 Direction Symbols in Labanotation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="8">(Hover mouse over symbols to see their names)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">High Level</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="11"></td><td>left-forward-high</td><td>forward-high</td><td>right-forward-high</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-high</td><td>place-high</td><td>right-high</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-back-high</td><td>back-high</td><td>right-back-high</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Middle Level</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-forward-middle</td><td>forward-middle</td><td>right-forward-middle</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-middle</td><td>place-middle</td><td>right-middle</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-back-middle</td><td>back-middle</td><td>right-back-middle</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Low Level</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-forward-Low</td><td>forward-Low</td><td>right-forward-Low</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-Low</td><td>place-Low</td><td>right-Low</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>left-back-Low</td><td>back-Low</td><td>right-back-Low</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/facts/Laban_Movement_Analysis/hlQeuqeW">Laban Movement Analysis</a> and <a href="/facts/Space_Harmony/0bJdrhuq">Space Harmony</a> (Choreutics) the same 27 direction symbols are used but they have a different conceptualization. Instead of envisaging the signs on three parallel horizontal planes (high, middle, and low levels), the direction signs are organized according to the <a href="/facts/Octahedron/G38q92xW">octahedron</a>, <a href="/facts/Cube/65lUaAqN">cube</a> (<a href="/facts/Hexahedron/UzruYxzd">hexahedron</a>), and the <a href="/facts/Icosahedron/wWbpnDYp">icosahedron</a>. </p> <h3>Vector motion symbols</h3> <p>In his early German publication <i>Choreographie</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Rudolf_Laban/pPKYJdtG">Rudolf Laban</a> used a different group of spatial directional signs which represented orientation of lines of motion (rather than orientations of limb positions). </p><p>These signs were translated into modern-day Labanotation signs, and referred to as "vector signs".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="12">General Scheme of Rudolf Laban's Vector Signs</th></tr><tr><td colspan="12">(Hover mouse over symbols to see their names) .</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"></td><td colspan="8">8 Diagonals (<i>regular</i> 45 degree orientations)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"></td><td>up-left-forward</td><td>down-right-backward</td><td>up-right-forward</td><td>down-left-backward</td><td>up-left-backward</td><td>down-right-forward</td><td>up-right-backward</td><td>down-left-forward</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="2">3 Dimensions</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vertical</td><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sagittal</td><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lateral</td><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"></td><td colspan="8">24 Inclinations (<i>irregular</i> deflected, tilted orientations)</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="symbols-for-quality-or-dynamics">Symbols for quality or dynamics</h2> <h2 id="symbols-for-relationships">Symbols for relationships</h2> <p>"Relationships"' is used in a broad sense to refer to interactions amongst two or more bodies, for example awareness, focus, nearness, contact, physical weight support. Many fine distinctions have been deciphered. These have some relationship to <a href="/facts/Proxemics/gvHH6oR1">Proxemics</a>. </p> <h2 id="notes-and-references">Notes and references</h2> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Hutchinson, Ann. (1970). <i>Labanotation or Kinetography Laban: The System of Analyzing and Recording Movement</i>. 3rd revised edition (1977). New York: Theatre Arts Books. (First published 1954).</li> <li>Hutchinson-Guest, Ann (1983). <i>Your move: A New Approach to the Study of Movement and Dance</i>. New York: Gordon and Breach.</li> <li>Hutchinson-Guest, Ann (1989). <i>Choreo-Graphics; A Comparison of Dance Notation Systems from the Fifteenth Century to the Present</i>. New York: Gordon and Breach.</li> <li>Knust, Albrecht. (1948a). The development of the Laban kinetography (part I). <i>Movement</i>. 1 (1): 28–29.</li> <li>Knust, Albrecht (1948b). The development of the Laban kinetography (part II). <i>Movement</i>. 1 (2): 27-28.</li> <li>Knust, Albrecht (1979a). <i>Dictionary of Kinetography Laban (Labanotation); Volume I: Text</i>. Translated by A. Knust, D. Baddeley-Lang, S. Archbutt, and I. Wachtel. Plymouth: MacDonald and Evans.</li> <li>Knust, Albrecht. (1979b). <i>Dictionary of Kinetography Laban (Labanotation); Volume II: Examples</i>. Translated by A. Knust, D. Baddeley-Lang, S. Archbutt, and I. Wachtel. Plymouth: MacDonald and Evans.</li> <li>Laban, Rudolf. (1926). <i>Choreographie</i> (German). Jena: Eugen Diederichs.</li> <li>Laban, Rudolf (1975). <i>Laban’s Principles of Dance and Movement Notation</i>. 2nd edition edited and annotated by Roderyk Lange. London: MacDonald and Evans. (First published 1956.)</li> <li>Preston-Dunlop, V. (1969). <i>Practical Kinetography Laban</i>. London: MacDonald and Evans.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>(Hutchinson 1970, 15, 24, 29, 164-170) <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Laban, Rudolf. Choreographie (German) (1926). Jena: Eugen Diederichs. p. 13 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Rudolf Laban. Chorographie (1926), translated by Evamaria Zierach and Jeffrey Scott Longstaff <a href="http://www.laban-analyses.org/jeffrey/2011-Rudolf-Laban-1926-Choreographie/contents.htm" target="_blank">http://www.laban-analyses.org/jeffrey/2011-Rudolf-Laban-1926-Choreographie/contents.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Longstaff, Jeffrey (2001). Translating ‘vector symbols’ from Laban’s (1926) Choreographie. In Proceedings of the twenty-second biennial conference of the International Council of Kinetography Laban, 26 July - 2 August (pp. 70-86). Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. USA: ICKL. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>