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Malik Peiris
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<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2> <p>Peiris was born on 10 November 1949<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> in <a href="/facts/Kandy/csDrpbDx">Kandy</a>, <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lanka</a>. He attended school at <a href="/facts/St._Anthony%2527s_College%2c_Kandy/dYbdlf7q">St. Anthony's College, Kandy</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and entered the <a href="/facts/University_of_Ceylon/0TabJaoJ">University of Ceylon</a>, <a href="/facts/Peradeniya/IFyecSxQ">Peradeniya</a> in 1967,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> obtaining his <a href="/facts/Bachelor_of_Medicine%2c_Bachelor_of_Surgery/lrQeIBuh">MBBS</a> in 1972.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>After a year with the National Health Department at the General Hospital in <a href="/facts/Matale_District/BoFAPTUs">Matale</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Peiris joined the Department of <a href="/facts/Microbiology/k7udsq81">Microbiology</a> at his alma mater, where Sarathnanda "Chubby" Arseculeratne, Peiris's future <a href="/facts/Parent-in-law/9gQw6xK0">father-in-law</a>, worked at the time. Despite his interest in <a href="/facts/Immunology/vylm0L8e">immunology</a>, Peiris started working on <a href="/facts/Virology/doDESmsB">virology</a> at the urge of Arseculeratne.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> He was awarded a <a href="/facts/Commonwealth_Scholarship_and_Fellowship_Plan/g2NKsdgq">Commonwealth Scholarship</a> in 1977<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> and went to the <a href="/facts/University_of_Oxford/ExVVQL6V">University of Oxford</a> for a <a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Philosophy/paJumdN8">DPhil</a> at the <a href="/facts/Sir_William_Dunn_School_of_Pathology/9kn51oPI">Sir William Dunn School of Pathology</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> graduating in 1981.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> A major aspect of his DPhil study was the paradoxical role that <a href="/facts/Antibodies/MX8pdTdP">antibodies</a> may play in <a href="/facts/Antibody-dependent_enhancement/eRdGLEMD">facilitating</a> rather than blocking the entry of <a href="/facts/Virus/mf88Bcbl">viruses</a>, such as the <a href="/facts/West_Nile_virus/BU0j4uux">West Nile virus</a> and the <a href="/facts/Dengue_fever/Stn1FvlF">dengue</a> virus, into <a href="/facts/Macrophages/z7hkQu3o">macrophages</a>, a type of <a href="/facts/White_blood_cell/vsDunUK0">white blood cell</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> He underwent his training in <a href="/facts/Clinical_pathology/S08jcRvc">clinical pathology</a> at the Public Health Laboratory at <a href="/facts/Birmingham/lNd1h81V">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/facts/Newcastle_University/A6Xb13pB">Newcastle University</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and completed his <a href="/facts/Pathology/U9b18LJG">pathologist</a> examination in 1982.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="career-and-research">Career and research</h2> <p>After his <a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Philosophy/paJumdN8">DPhil</a>, Peiris returned to <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lanka</a> as a senior <a href="/facts/Lecturer/VcD4uwU1">lecturer</a> and set up a virology department at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Peradeniya/BGW37UQM">University of Peradeniya</a>, which was created after the split-up of the <a href="/facts/University_of_Sri_Lanka/DPam6Djf">University of Sri Lanka</a> (formerly the <a href="/facts/University_of_Ceylon/0TabJaoJ">University of Ceylon</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p>In 1988, because of the <a href="/facts/Sri_Lankan_civil_war/YyVryK1a">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Peiris went back to <a href="/facts/Newcastle_upon_Tyne/vfHwdn5F">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> to become a consultant virologist at the <a href="/facts/Royal_Victoria_Infirmary/uaVqYHlr">Royal Victoria Infirmary</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> He moved to <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a> in 1995, tasked with setting up a clinical <a href="/facts/Virology/doDESmsB">virology</a> unit at <a href="/facts/Queen_Mary_Hospital_(Hong_Kong)/DqbIxtDR">Queen Mary Hospital</a> and the <a href="/facts/University_of_Hong_Kong/sAxpHJrn">University of Hong Kong</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>Peiris's research interest is in <a href="/facts/Emerging_infectious_disease/0Fulm4rt">emerging viral diseases</a>, especially those passed from <a href="/facts/Animal/4b8J33nd">animals</a> to <a href="/facts/Human/rlcTENsr">humans</a>, using a multidisciplinary approach termed "One-Health", which Peiris has defined as a "collaboration between the animal health, <a href="/facts/Environmental_health/q1xceAL3">environmental health</a>, human health, and laboratory sectors."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p>Currently at HKU, Malik is the Tam Wah-Ching Professor in Medical Science and Chair Professor of Virology at the Division of <a href="/facts/Public_health/4563Kre9">Public health</a> Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> Since 2021, he has been working part time. He is also a co-director of the <a href="/facts/World_Health_Organization/YNN3bgug">WHO</a> H5 Reference Laboratory and the WHO <a href="/facts/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> reference laboratory,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> the Director of Centre of <a href="/facts/Influenza/nWuFzh6L">Influenza</a> Research<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> and the managing director of the centre for <a href="/facts/Immunology/vylm0L8e">Immunology</a> and <a href="/facts/Infection/182XrncP">Infection</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> He retired from the position of co-director of the HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, jointly created in 2000 by HKU and the <a href="/facts/Pasteur_Institute/2wW6k7hf">Pasteur Institute</a> in <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> and became an Honorary Director.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p><p>Peiris has been an editor of <a href="/facts/Current_Opinion_(Elsevier)/nstmqljL">Current Opinion in Virology</a> since 2011<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> and of <a href="/facts/MBio/IzAvolFI">mBio</a> since 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p><p>Peiris has held a number of roles at the <a href="/facts/Government_of_Hong_Kong/AyXflbNn">Hong Kong government</a>, including a member of the Advisory panel on Emerging Infectious Diseases of the Hong Kong <a href="/facts/Centre_for_Health_Protection/D7lAlyHF">Centre for Health Protection</a> (CHP)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> and the Hong Kong <a href="/facts/University_Grants_Committee_(Hong_Kong)/1WC9a5sf">Research Grants Council</a> between 2007 and 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> He currently sits on the CHP Scientific Committee on <a href="/facts/Emerging_infectious_disease/0Fulm4rt">Emerging</a> and <a href="/facts/Zoonosis/uvEPgxJ4">Zoonotic</a> Diseases<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> and Scientific Committee on <a href="/facts/Disease_vector/bepASE2M">Vector</a>-borne Diseases.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notable-findings">Notable findings</h2> <h3><a href="/facts/Avian_influenza/IhcLBsFU">Avian influenza</a></h3> <p>In 1997, after the first human outbreak of the <a href="/facts/Avian_influenza/IhcLBsFU">avian influenza</a> <a href="/facts/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1/M6kM1PEo">H5N1</a> virus in <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a>, Peiris turned his attention to the virus, which claimed the lives of a third of its victims. Research in his group showed that the virus induces a high level of <a href="/facts/Cytokine/SdWpWABH">cytokines</a> when a type of <a href="/facts/White_blood_cell/vsDunUK0">white blood cell</a> called <a href="/facts/Macrophage/z7hkQu3o">macrophage</a> is infected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> This so-called "<a href="/facts/Cytokine_storm/8fMp0yKC">cytokine storm</a>" is now recognized as a major mechanism of avian influenza virus pathogenesis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p> <h3><a href="/facts/SARS/F5b7XSMS">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</a> (SARS)</h3> <p>In 2003, <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a> suffered another <a href="/facts/Viral_disease/F1Tth6qP">viral disease</a> outbreak, this time an unknown <a href="/facts/Respiratory_disease/CDRTg5Ev">respiratory disease</a>, termed <a href="/facts/SARS/F5b7XSMS">severe acute respiratory syndrome</a>, or SARS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> Peiris became known worldwide when his group became the first to isolate the virus that causes this disease,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> a <a href="/facts/Novel_coronavirus/F3RRIaDP">novel coronavirus</a> now known as <a href="/facts/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_1/jXYCe6w5">SARS-CoV-1</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> By June 2003, Peiris, together with his long-time collaborators <a href="/facts/Leo_Poon/m15ExYpu">Leo Poon</a> and <a href="/facts/Guan_Yi/t5ovAVvN">Guan Yi</a>, has developed a rapid <a href="/facts/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_viral_infections/hpReeerY">diagnostic</a> test for SARS-CoV-1 using <a href="/facts/Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction/jYLeLlQM">real-time polymerase chain reaction</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p> <h3><a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a></h3> <p>In February 2020, Peiris published an article in <i><a href="/facts/Nature_Medicine/WD7o3MqA">Nature Medicine</a></i>, presaging the outbreak of a new <a href="/facts/Coronavirus/LvV5mvl9">coronavirus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> Peiris reported the next month that a <a href="/facts/Pomeranian_(dog)/xaabV5sN">Pomeranian</a> <a href="/facts/Dog/DvQVRVzy">dog</a> was infected with <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> This was later substantiated by other COVID-19 <a href="/facts/Animal/4b8J33nd">animal</a> infection cases across the world, including a <a href="/facts/Tiger/0cWH5o9T">tiger</a> at the <a href="/facts/Bronx_Zoo/DLgRpQUs">Bronx Zoo</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> and a <a href="/facts/Pug_(dog)/5Kqe2PrU">pug dog</a> in <a href="/facts/North_Carolina/VhKNTULI">North Carolina</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p><p>He and collaborators also developed a <a href="/facts/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_viral_infections/hpReeerY">diagnostic</a> test for 2019-nCoV (later renamed to <a href="/facts/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a>), again using <a href="/facts/Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction/jYLeLlQM">real-time polymerase chain reaction</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> and found that SARS-CoV-2 survives well on smooth surfaces and is susceptible to <a href="/facts/Disinfectant/33fF2QzG">disinfectants</a> such as <a href="/facts/Liquid_bleach/cBdbFV9g">household bleach</a>, <a href="/facts/Ethanol/3lCLfBSP">ethanol</a> and <a href="/facts/Benzalkonium_chloride/BMg8MMAy">benzalkonium chloride</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="honours-and-awards">Honours and awards</h2> <ul><li>Fellow of the <a href="/facts/Royal_College_of_Physicians/e2XN5DvU">Royal College of Physicians</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li>Fellow of the <a href="/facts/Royal_College_of_Pathologists/1H9q4W2e">Royal College of Pathologists</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li>Fellow of the <a href="/facts/Faculty_of_Public_Health/T0xaxV47">Faculty of Public Health</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society/cWs8TdC5">Fellow</a> of the <a href="/facts/Royal_Society/KI5yXCuV">Royal Society</a> (2006)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> (First <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lankan</a> elected)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></li> <li>Asian Hero of the past 60 years, <a href="/facts/Time_(magazine)/N4FXc99l">Time</a> (2006)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Legion_of_Honour/XmLQTz71">Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur</a>, <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a> (2007)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li>Mahathir Science Award, <a href="/facts/Academy_of_Sciences_Malaysia/n9l7nAMg">Academy of Sciences Malaysia</a> (2007)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Silver_Bauhinia_Star/zCLwFmfW">Silver Bauhinia Star</a>, <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a> (2008)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li>International member of the <a href="/facts/National_Academy_of_Sciences/M3oePVeG">National Academy of Sciences</a> (2017)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li> <li>Future Science Prize Life Science Prize, China (2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada_Gairdner_Global_Health_Award/sLy316bz">John Dirks Canada Gairdner Global Health Award</a> (2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2> <p>Peiris is married to Sharmini Arseculeratne and they have a daughter, Shalini and a son, Shehan. </p><p>Sarathnanda "Chubby" Arseculeratne, an <a href="/facts/Emeritus/3hyP5zYf">Emeritus Professor</a> at the Faculty of <a href="/facts/Medicine/2fnp90Je">Medicine</a>, <a href="/facts/University_of_Peradeniya/BGW37UQM">University of Peradeniya</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> is Peiris's <a href="/facts/Father-in-law/9gQw6xK0">father-in-law</a> and his early mentor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <p> Quotations related to Malik Peiris at Wikiquote </p> <ul><li>"Features", <i>Daily News</i> (online), June 2006, webpage: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604113136/http://www.dailynews.lk/2006/06/24/fea01.asp">DailyNews-fea01</a>: contains "Following the discovery of the cause of SARS, Professor Peiris was invited...".</li> <li>"HKU ResearcherPage: Peiris, JSM", <i>The HKU Scholars Hub</i> (online database), webpage: <a href="http://hub.hku.hk/rp/rp00410">HKU Scholars Hub: Researcher Page</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris". Gairdner Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307085128/https://gairdner.org/winners/current-winners/#Joseph_Sriyal_Malik_Peiris" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220307085128/https://gairdner.org/winners/current-winners/#Joseph_Sriyal_Malik_Peiris</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Peiris, Joseph Sriyal Malik". School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307084212/https://sph.hku.hk/en/Biography/Peiris-Joseph-Sriyal-Malik" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220307084212/https://sph.hku.hk/en/Biography/Peiris-Joseph-Sriyal-Malik</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"FORMER SAGE MEMBER" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308024156/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/general/former_sage_members.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220308024156/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/general/former_sage_members.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"PROFESSOR JOSEPH SRIYAL MALIK PEIRIS". Mahathir Science Award Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307032237/https://msa-foundation.org/blog/msa-member/professor-joseph-sriyal-malik-peiris/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220307032237/https://msa-foundation.org/blog/msa-member/professor-joseph-sriyal-malik-peiris/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"World-renowned University of Hong Kong Professor to speak at "Meeting of Minds" Lecture in Colombo" (Press release). Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong. 6 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308024225/https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_6336.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220308024225/https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_6336.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Peiris, JSM". ORCID. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. 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