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SoftRAM
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<h2 id="versions">Versions</h2> <h3>SoftRAM</h3> <p>SoftRAM was designed for use with <a href="/facts/Windows_3.1/zYnWyaC6">Windows 3.1</a>. It was launched in March 1995 and sold more than 100,000 copies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Most out-of-memory errors in Windows 3.x were caused by the first megabyte of memory in a computer, the <a href="/facts/Conventional_memory/hLcfWzlB">conventional memory</a>, becoming full. Windows needed to allocate a <a href="/facts/Program_Segment_Prefix/ljzJrWyd">Program Segment Prefix</a> (PSP) in this area of memory for each program started. Some utilities prevented <a href="/facts/Dynamic-link_library/vySyC1dz">DLLs</a> from allocating memory here, leaving more space for user programs. This was a standard technique also used by other memory optimization tools.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> SoftRAM also claimed to increase the amount of <a href="/facts/Virtual_memory/Lw2GemF5">virtual memory</a> available by <a href="/facts/Data_compression/gMFuY4FT">compressing</a> the pages of <a href="/facts/Virtual_memory/Lw2GemF5">virtual memory</a> stored in the <a href="/facts/Swap_file/KR889x5k">swap file</a> on the hard disk, which has the added effect of reducing the number of swap file reads and writes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The software also increased the size of the Windows <a href="/facts/Page_file/KR889x5k">page file</a>, something achievable by users who are aware of how to change relevant system settings, without the cost of additional software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>SoftRAM95</h3> <p>SoftRAM95 was designed for <a href="/facts/Windows_95/1E1L93qC">Windows 95</a> and was released in August 1995, selling more than 600,000 units. Its list price was <a href="/facts/US_Dollar/naEEDUhC">USD</a> $30.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>When Windows 95 was launched, it was widely reported that software for the operating system would be "memory hungry," requiring at least 4 megabytes of memory and preferably 8 megabytes. Syncronys positioned SoftRAM95 as a cheaper alternative to buying more memory for those users who would otherwise be unable to run Windows 95. </p> <h2 id="ftc-investigation">FTC investigation</h2> <p>In December 1995, the German computing magazine <i><a href="/facts/C%2527t/6pbWadaU">c't</a></i> <a href="/facts/Disassembler/4PR39BbK">disassembled</a> the program and reported it didn't do what was claimed in advertisements.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Instead, data reportedly passed through the <a href="/facts/VxD/Q69TjtnV">VxD</a> unaltered with no compression, and the actual <a href="/facts/Device_driver/rDYnHU1G">drivers</a> were slightly modified versions of sample code from Microsoft's "Windows Development Kit". Still, the program purported to increase system resources by silently increasing the size of the <a href="/facts/Swap_file/KR889x5k">swap file</a> on <a href="/facts/Windows_3.1/zYnWyaC6">Windows 3.1</a> and misrepresenting the current state of the system, leading the magazine to rate it as "placebo software."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> It was also reportedly <a href="/facts/Compiler/WNfCDFJe">compiled</a> with the <a href="/facts/Debug/QtdpPJT0">debug</a> flag on, so it ran slower than the original driver from Microsoft. Another test by <i><a href="/facts/PC_Magazine/uPNIj5y0">PC Magazine</a></i> revealed SoftRAM95 took the same amount of time to move through systems that contained varying amounts of RAM.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> A later analysis by <i><a href="/facts/Dr._Dobb%2527s_Journal/6Qov1hUK">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a></i> concluded the same.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Federal_Trade_Commission/Hkz0PwF9">Federal Trade Commission</a> began an investigation in late 1995, ultimately asserting that Syncronys' claims about SoftRAM95 were "false and misleading" and that "SoftRAM95 does not increase RAM in a computer using Windows 95; nor does the product enhance the speed, capacity, or other performance measures of a computer using Windows 95".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> This prompted the company to <a href="/facts/Product_recall/dAIspd4J">recall</a> SoftRAM95 from the market in December 1995. Several individual customers filed suit against the company as well.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> When Syncronys settled with the FTC<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> in July 1996, it agreed to offer a US$10 rebate to customers who requested it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</h2> <p>Syncronys filed for bankruptcy in July 1998 with $4.5 million of debt after releasing a dozen other poorly received tools.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> The company's final release, <i>UpgradeAID 98</i>, claimed to allow users to downgrade from <a href="/facts/Windows_98/6qtq4oJm">Windows 98</a> to Windows 95, duplicating an existing feature of Windows 98 for $39.95 (equivalent to $77 in 2025 dollars).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> A large number of its creditors were customers who had not received their rebates for SoftRAM.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p>Syncronys replaced its board and leadership and operated under <a href="/facts/Chapter_7%2c_Title_11%2c_United_States_Code/QhsyoPsn">Chapter 7 bankruptcy</a> until 2002. In 2006, the SEC revoked its securities and placed Syncronys in default for failing to file any financial reports since their 1998 <a href="/facts/Chapter_11/PjdCBWfn">Chapter 11</a> bankruptcy event.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li>Schulman, Andrew (August 29, 1996). <a href="https://ftp.st.ryukoku.ac.jp/pub/published/oreilly/windows/win95.update/softram.html">"SoftRAM95: "False and Misleading""</a>. <a href="/facts/O%2527Reilly_%2526_Associates/Fr3Kv7sm">O'Reilly & Associates</a>. Retrieved May 9, 2016.</li> <li>Raymond Chen (11 November 2021). <a href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20211111-00/?p=105897">"The inside story of the outside investigation of SoftRAM 95"</a>. <i>The Old New Thing</i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Chen, Raymond (11 November 2021). "The inside story of the outside investigation of SoftRam95". www.Devblogs.Microsoft.com. Archived from the original on 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2023-11-04. I found the compression algorithm...They implemented only one compression algorithm. It was memcpy. In other words, their vaunted patent-pending compression algorithm was "copy the data uncompressed"...with a stub compression function that did no compression... <a href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20211111-00/?p=105897" target="_blank">https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20211111-00/?p=105897</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Shapiro, Howard (July 10, 1996). "Computer Software Manufacturer Agrees to Settle Charges of Software Misrepresentation" (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software" target="_blank">https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"1996 Proxy statement pursuant to section 14(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for Syncronys Softcorp". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. October 28, 1996. p. 8. Archived from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2020. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/containers/fix071/798077/0000950148-96-002364.txt" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/containers/fix071/798077/0000950148-96-002364.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Wichmann, Johannes (November 1996). "Der Junge aus Bayern, der ins Silicon Valley ging". Mc. Munich: Franzis Verlag. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Tynan, Dan (May 26, 2006). "The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time". PC World. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/125772/worst_products_ever.html?page=2#softram" target="_blank">http://www.pcworld.com/article/125772/worst_products_ever.html?page=2#softram</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Shapiro, Howard (July 10, 1996). "Computer Software Manufacturer Agrees to Settle Charges of Software Misrepresentation" (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software" target="_blank">https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Tech Publication". www.digitaltrends.com. 17 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2020-08-09. Retrieved 2020-04-27. <a href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/software-and-snake-oil-software/" target="_blank">https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/software-and-snake-oil-software/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Shapiro, Howard (July 10, 1996). "Computer Software Manufacturer Agrees to Settle Charges of Software Misrepresentation" (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software" target="_blank">https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Russinovich, Mark; Cogswell, Bryce; Schulman, Andrew (August 1, 1996). "Inside SoftRAM 95". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Russinovich" target="_blank">/wiki/Mark_Russinovich</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Russinovich, Mark; Cogswell, Bryce; Schulman, Andrew (August 1, 1996). "Inside SoftRAM 95". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Russinovich" target="_blank">/wiki/Mark_Russinovich</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Russinovich, Mark; Cogswell, Bryce; Schulman, Andrew (August 1, 1996). "Inside SoftRAM 95". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Russinovich" target="_blank">/wiki/Mark_Russinovich</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Dibbell, Julian (November 27, 1995). "A trick of memory?". Time Magazine. Retrieved February 7, 2025. <a href="https://www3.nd.edu/~kwb/nsf-ufe/Trick.of.Memory.SoftRam.html#:~:text=$30%20program%20that%20squeezes%20the%20necessary%20storage,a%20small%20Southern%20California%20company%20called%20Syncronys" target="_blank">https://www3.nd.edu/~kwb/nsf-ufe/Trick.of.Memory.SoftRam.html#:~:text=$30%20program%20that%20squeezes%20the%20necessary%20storage,a%20small%20Southern%20California%20company%20called%20Syncronys</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Storm, Ingo T.; Persson, Christian [in German] (December 1995). "Placebo forte! Was wirklich hinter SoftRAM 95 steckt". c't (in German). Archived from the original on April 11, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2016. English version: Storm, Ingo T.; Persson, Christian (December 1995). "Placebo plus! The truth behind SoftRAM 95". c't. Archived from the original on January 11, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Persson" target="_blank">https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Persson</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Shapiro, Howard (July 10, 1996). "Computer Software Manufacturer Agrees to Settle Charges of Software Misrepresentation" (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software" target="_blank">https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Storm, Ingo T.; Persson, Christian [in German] (December 1995). "Placebo forte! Was wirklich hinter SoftRAM 95 steckt". c't (in German). Archived from the original on April 11, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2016. English version: Storm, Ingo T.; Persson, Christian (December 1995). "Placebo plus! The truth behind SoftRAM 95". c't. Archived from the original on January 11, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Persson" target="_blank">https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Persson</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Placebo forte! Was wirklich hinter SoftRAM 95 steckt". C't. 1995 (12): 100. 1995-11-11. Archived from the original on 2021-06-17. Retrieved 2020-05-10. <a href="https://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Placebo-forte-284374.html" target="_blank">https://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Placebo-forte-284374.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Seltzer, Larry (November 7, 1995). "SoftRAM95 Does Not Compress RAM In PC Magazine Lab Tests". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on February 23, 2001. Retrieved 9 May 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010223073540/http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/special/reports/sr1107.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20010223073540/http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/special/reports/sr1107.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Nelson, Brian (January 19, 1996). "Software allegedly doubles trouble instead of memory". CNN. Archived from the original on January 10, 2002. Retrieved 9 May 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020110191025/http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9601/soft_ram/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20020110191025/http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9601/soft_ram/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Russinovich, Mark; Cogswell, Bryce; Schulman, Andrew (August 1, 1996). "Inside SoftRAM 95". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Russinovich" target="_blank">/wiki/Mark_Russinovich</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Shapiro, Howard (July 10, 1996). "Computer Software Manufacturer Agrees to Settle Charges of Software Misrepresentation" (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software" target="_blank">https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Nelson, Brian (January 19, 1996). "Software allegedly doubles trouble instead of memory". CNN. Archived from the original on January 10, 2002. Retrieved 9 May 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020110191025/http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9601/soft_ram/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20020110191025/http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9601/soft_ram/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Shapiro, Howard (July 10, 1996). "Computer Software Manufacturer Agrees to Settle Charges of Software Misrepresentation" (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software" target="_blank">https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/1996/07/computer-software-manufacturer-agrees-settle-charges-software</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Kanellos, Michael (July 22, 1998). "SoftRAM 95 maker in Chapter 11". CNET News. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/softram-95-maker-in-chapter-11/" target="_blank">https://www.cnet.com/news/softram-95-maker-in-chapter-11/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Tynan, Dan (May 26, 2006). "The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time". PC World. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/125772/worst_products_ever.html?page=2#softram" target="_blank">http://www.pcworld.com/article/125772/worst_products_ever.html?page=2#softram</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Spector, Lincoln (August 1998). "Syncronys's BigDisk Spells Big Risk". PC World. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821061946/http://www.pcworld.com/article/7258/syncronyss_bigdisk_spells_big_risk.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080821061946/http://www.pcworld.com/article/7258/syncronyss_bigdisk_spells_big_risk.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>IDG staff writers. "PC Solutions". ARN. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212014934/https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/36201/pc_solutions/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191212014934/https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/36201/pc_solutions/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Kanellos, Michael (July 22, 1998). "SoftRAM 95 maker in Chapter 11". CNET News. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2016. <a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/softram-95-maker-in-chapter-11/" target="_blank">https://www.cnet.com/news/softram-95-maker-in-chapter-11/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"SEC: Order making findings and revoking registrations by default" (PDF). SEC. October 20, 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2006/34-54632.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2006/34-54632.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>