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Differential K theory
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<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2> <p>As <a href="/facts/Andrew_Winston/wB0mtrDf">Andrew Winston</a> summarizes, "Rushton's work was heavily criticized by psychologists, evolutionary biologists, anthropologists, and geneticists for severe scientific inadequacies, fundamental errors, inappropriate conceptualization of race, inappropriate statistical comparisons, misuse of sources, and serious logical errors and flaws."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Differential K theory in particular was described in a 2020 statement by Rushton's former department at <a href="/facts/University_of_Western_Ontario/BcvT1C80">Western Ontario University</a> as "thoroughly debunked."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Weizmann et al. argued that Rushton attempted to validate this hypothesis by use of "selective citation and misrepresentation of the research literature and by the use of unreliable sources"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> and that Rushton's methodology "indicates a lack of familiarity with ecological thinking and scientific method in general."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Race%2c_Evolution%2c_and_Behavior/h74anQza">Race, Evolution, and Behavior</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Rushton, J. Philippe (January 1985). "Differential K theory: The sociobiology of individual and group differences". Personality and Individual Differences. 6 (4): 441–452. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0. <a href="/wiki/J._Philippe_Rushton" target="_blank">/wiki/J._Philippe_Rushton</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Statement from the Department of Psychology regarding research conducted by Dr. J. Philippe Rushton". Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario. <a href="https://psychology.uwo.ca/people/faculty/remembrance/rushton.html" target="_blank">https://psychology.uwo.ca/people/faculty/remembrance/rushton.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Weizmann, Fredric; Wiener, Neil I.; Wiesenthal, David L.; Ziegler, Michael (1990). "Differential K theory and racial hierarchies". Canadian Psychology. 31 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1037/h0078934. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Templer, Donald I. (October 2008). "Correlational and factor analytic support for Rushton's differential K life history theory". Personality and Individual Differences. 45 (6): 440–444. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.010. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Templer" target="_blank">/wiki/Donald_Templer</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Winston, Andrew S. (29 May 2020). "Scientific Racism and North American Psychology". Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Psychology. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.516. ISBN 978-0-19-023655-7. <a href="978-0-19-023655-7" target="_blank">978-0-19-023655-7</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Weizmann, Frederic; Wiener, Neil I.; Wiesenthal, David L.; Ziegler, Michael (1989). "Scientific racism in contemporary psychology". International Journal of Dynamic Assessment & Instruction. 1 (1): 81–93. <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-72991-001" target="_blank">https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-72991-001</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Winston, Andrew S. (29 May 2020). "Scientific Racism and North American Psychology". Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Psychology. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.516. ISBN 978-0-19-023655-7. <a href="978-0-19-023655-7" target="_blank">978-0-19-023655-7</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Statement from the Department of Psychology regarding research conducted by Dr. J. Philippe Rushton". Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario. <a href="https://psychology.uwo.ca/people/faculty/remembrance/rushton.html" target="_blank">https://psychology.uwo.ca/people/faculty/remembrance/rushton.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Weizmann, Fredric; Wiener, Neil I.; Wiesenthal, David L.; Ziegler, Michael (1990). "Differential K theory and racial hierarchies". Canadian Psychology. 31 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1037/h0078934. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Anderson, Judith L. (1991). "Rushton's racial comparisons: An ecological critique of theory and method". Canadian Psychology. 32 (1): 51–62. doi:10.1037/h0078956. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>