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Common external tariff
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<h2 id="economic-community-of-west-african-states-ecowas">Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)</h2> <p>The structure of the CET is related to the internalization of terms-of-trade effects in the Common External Tariff which has the following Structure as adopted by the <a href="/facts/ECOWAS/7fszzNxT">ECOWAS</a> <a href="/facts/Council_of_Ministers/TqIjWR7A">Council of Ministers</a> at its 70th ordinary session in June 2013 is as follows <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><td>Category</td><td>Type of Goods</td><td>Duty Rate</td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>Basic Social Goods</td><td>0%</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Basic Goods, Raw Goods, Capital Goods</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Inputs and Semi-Finished Goods</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Finished Goods</td><td>20%</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Specific Goods for Economic Development</td><td>35%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The goods declared to Customs in the Community, must generally be classified according to the CET. Imported and exported goods must be declared stating under type they fall. This determines which rate of customs duty applies and how the goods are treated for statistical purposes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h3>Benefits of the CET</h3> <ul><li>Increasing the Intra-regional trade: guarantying the availability of more goods to be traded regionally.</li> <li>Prevention of trade diversion</li> <li>The CET would provide durability in trade: traders would be able to make plans with the confidence that the tariff is constant. Policies affecting import tariffs can no longer be changed arbitrarily. This will ensure the attraction of more foreign direct investments.</li> <li>The enlargement of domestic market resulting a rise on turnover: this will lead the region to become a single market for imported goods.</li> <li>Increase in <a href="/facts/Economies_of_scale/gtAYHuNT">economies of scale</a> resulting in the enlargement of internal industries.</li> <li>Increased production and productivity: with a large market to satisfy, production opportunities would increase.</li> <li>Casting down smuggling: smuggling is often encouraged by the difference in tariffs, but when a region applies a common tariff, this will remove the necessity of buying smuggled products in regions which previously had high tariffs of the same goods.</li></ul> <p><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h3>Costs of regional integration</h3> <ul><li>Having a single market ensures a competitive environment for both consumers and markets which make monopolies existence hard. Among the consequences of these unique markets is that ineffective companies market share will decrease and it may have to close down.</li> <li>Some sectors of the national economy may undergo of negative impact due to an increase on international competitiveness, which the main reason is the transition to single markets, specially companies that used to benefit of national market protection may have a hard time to deal against their more efficient peers. Eventually, if the enterprise go wrong on organizing their methods, it will fail.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Customs/dLBa0dlN">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Harmonized_System/xhrLFvoq">Harmonized System (World Customs Organisation)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Combined_Nomenclature/ytEnM3Rs">Combined Nomenclature (EU)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"ECOWAS Common External Tariff". Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127224352/http://www.aidfortrade.ecowas.int/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi?cbiekngdjecjecje%3Fgdjmohdjmohdjmgl" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210127224352/http://www.aidfortrade.ecowas.int/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi?cbiekngdjecjecje%3Fgdjmohdjmohdjmgl</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"INTRODUCTION TO THE ECOWAS COMMON EXTERNAL TARIFF ALBERT AKURUGU SENIOR REVENUE OFFICER GRA CUSTOMS DIVISION. - ppt download". slideplayer.com. Retrieved 2020-04-26. <a href="https://slideplayer.com/slide/10309238/" target="_blank">https://slideplayer.com/slide/10309238/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The common external tariff (cet) Structure, Benefits, Challenges and the Way Forward of the CET" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-08-27. <a href="https://www.ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CET_Factsheet_EN.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CET_Factsheet_EN.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"INTRODUCTION TO THE ECOWAS COMMON EXTERNAL TARIFF ALBERT AKURUGU SENIOR REVENUE OFFICER GRA CUSTOMS DIVISION. - ppt download". slideplayer.com. Retrieved 2020-04-26. <a href="https://slideplayer.com/slide/10309238/" target="_blank">https://slideplayer.com/slide/10309238/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>