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Piperales
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<h2 id="classification">Classification</h2> <h3>APG system</h3> <p>In the <a href="/facts/APG_IV_system/YRp3zPNp">APG IV system</a>, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade <a href="/facts/Magnoliids/YcslSG6b">magnoliids</a> and is circumscribed as follows:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>order Piperales family <a href="/facts/Aristolochiaceae/FqpGHUeV">Aristolochiaceae</a> (including Asaraceae, <a href="/facts/Hydnoraceae/Sn1L4Yux">Hydnoraceae</a> and <a href="/facts/Lactoridaceae/CgAHNJXq">Lactoridaceae</a>) family <a href="/facts/Piperaceae/wG7bRs1N">Piperaceae</a> family <a href="/facts/Saururaceae/16btUDMj">Saururaceae</a></li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><td><table><tbody><tr><td><a href="/facts/Magnoliids/YcslSG6b">Magnoliids</a></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Canellales/kXyd12B4">Canellales</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td>Piperales</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Aristolochiaceae/FqpGHUeV">Aristolochiaceae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Piperaceae/wG7bRs1N">Piperaceae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Saururaceae/16btUDMj">Saururaceae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Laurales/mSSn0Qa5">Laurales</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Magnoliales/vqKoklaw">Magnoliales</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">The current composition and <a href="/facts/Phylogenetics/bw4rsovt">phylogeny</a> of the Piperales.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is an expansion from the <a href="/facts/APG_system/8fLMu2zs">APG system</a>, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription: </p> <ul><li>order Piperales family Aristolochiaceae family Lactoridaceae family Piperaceae family Saururaceae</li></ul> <h3>Earlier systems</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Cronquist_system/XHFWQ4dQ">Cronquist system</a>, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass <a href="/facts/Magnoliidae_sensu_Cronquist/YcslSG6b">Magnoliidae</a> of class <a href="/facts/Magnoliopsida/zyprXsUD">Magnoliopsida</a> [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription: </p> <ul><li>order Piperales family <a href="/facts/Chloranthaceae/TL3ltv4D">Chloranthaceae</a> family Piperaceae family Saururaceae</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/facts/Engler_system/fDl8NEut">Engler system</a>, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis <a href="/facts/Archichlamydeae/SV3IvroB">Archichlamydeae</a> in class <a href="/facts/Dicotyledoneae/yat51Ncq">Dicotyledoneae</a> [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription: </p> <ul><li>order Piperales family Chloranthaceae family Lactoridaceae family Piperaceae family Saururaceae</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/facts/Wettstein_system/Dt4vyx86">Wettstein system</a>, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the <a href="/facts/Monochlamydeae/sf9Wgso5">Monochlamydeae</a> in subclass <a href="/facts/Choripetalae/KcnY2LK2">Choripetalae</a> of class <a href="/facts/Dicotyledones/yat51Ncq">Dicotyledones</a>. It used the circumscription: </p> <ul><li>order Piperales family Piperaceae</li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piperales. <a href="/facts/Wikispecies/b2GhA7Le">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i>Piperales</i>. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Introduction to the Piperales". ucmp.berkeley.edu. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 10 July 2021. <a href="https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/piperales.html#:~:text=The%20Piperales%20are%20a%20group,group%20are%20the%20flower%20clusters." target="_blank">https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/piperales.html#:~:text=The%20Piperales%20are%20a%20group,group%20are%20the%20flower%20clusters.</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Jaramillo, M. A.; Kramer, E. M. (2007). "Molecular evolution of the petal and stamen identity genes, APETALA3 and PISTILLATA, after petal loss in the Piperales". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 (2): 598–609. Bibcode:2007MolPE..44..598J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.015. PMID 17576077. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790307000929" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790307000929</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Phylogenetic Relationships of the Perianthless Piperales: Reconstructing the Evolution of Floral Development <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/382803" target="_blank">https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/382803</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Stevens, P.F. "Piperales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. <a href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/piperalesweb2.htm#Piperales" target="_blank">http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/piperalesweb2.htm#Piperales</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>