Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Variophone
open-in-new
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Daphne_Oram/IIaFvpRY">Daphne Oram</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Oramics/QWc61y1j">Oramics</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Izvolov Nikolai.<i>From the history of painted sound in USSR</i>. Kinovedcheskie Zapiski, no.53, 2001, p. 292 (in Russian)</li> <li>Levin, Thomas. 2003. <i><a href="http://www.centerforvisualmusic.org/LevinPfen.pdf">Tones from out of Nowhere: Rudolf Pfenninger and the Archaeology of Synthetic Sound</a></i>. Grey Room 12 (Fall 2003): p. 32-79</li> <li>Smirnov, Andrei. <i>Sound Out of Paper</i>. Moscow, November, 2007</li> <li>Smirnov, Andrei. <i>Boris Yankovsky: Leben im Klangspektrum. Gezeichneter Klang und Klangsynthese in der Sowjetunion der 30er Jahre</i>. pp. 97–120; Tim Boykett/Andrei Smirnov. <i>Notation und visuelle Musik</i>. pp. 121–126. Klangmaschinen zwischen Experiment und Medientechnik. (C)2010 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld. Aus:Daniel Gethmann (Hg.)<i><a href="http://www.transcript-verlag.de/ts1419/ts1419.php">[1]</a></i></li> <li>Smirnov, Andrei. <i>Son produit par la lumiere et le papier</i>. Article in the catalogue of the exhibition "Vois ce que j'entends" at the Centre des Arts Enghien-les-Bains, France. pp. 16–27, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-916639-17-8</li> <li>Andrei Smirnov & Liubov Pchelkina. <i>Les Pionniers Russes de'l ART du SON. Experimentations musicales</i>. Article in the catalogue of the exhibition "LENIN, STALIN and Music", pp. 96–105. Musee de la musique, October 12, 2010 - January 16, 2011. Cite de la musique, Paris. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-213-65566-6</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://theremin.ru/archive/variophone.htm">Variophone at the Theremin Center website</a> (in Russian)</li> <li><a href="http://cyberorchestra.com/syntonfilm/sound/from_carburettor_suite_1935.mp3">Excerpt form Carburettor Suite by G.Rimsky-Korsakov, created with Variophone in 1935</a></li> <li><a href="http://cyberorchestra.com/syntonfilm/sound/from_Chopin_prelude.mp3">Excerpt form Prelude by Chopin, created with Variophone in 1935</a></li> <li><a href="http://cyberorchestra.com/syntonfilm/sound/from_List_rhapsody.mp3">Excerpt form Rhapsody by List, created with Variophone in 1935</a></li> <li><a href="http://cyberorchestra.com/syntonfilm/sound/from_sterviatniki1941.mp3">Excerpt form Sterviatniki soundtrack by E.Sholpo and I.Boldirev, created with Variophone in 1941</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.umatic.nl/tonewheels_historical.html">A link mentioning the invention</a></li> <li><a href="http://dangerousminds.net/comments/listen_to_early_soviet_synthesizer_music_hand_drawn_on_film_and_made_from_c#U14Sol5f2Ph4UMRg.01">"Listen to early Soviet synthesizer music, hand drawn on film and made from cut paper"</a>. <i>Dangerous Minds</i>. 2015-04-02.</li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiIB36ZY0WM">1930s Russian Drawn Sound: Evgeny Sholpo's 'Variophone' (1932)</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCjEOFOoLkU">Eight minutes of Variophone music (1932)</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a></li></ul>