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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Jiuzhang_(quantum_computer)/YMP7PIuH">Jiuzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Quantum_random_circuits/TKv2vcQg">Quantum random circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_quantum_processors/GWcmkMue">List of quantum processors</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kan, Michael (23 October 2019). "Google Claims Quantum Computing Achievement, IBM Says Not So Fast". PCMAG. <a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/371499/google-claims-quantum-computing-achievement-ibm-says-not-so" target="_blank">https://www.pcmag.com/news/371499/google-claims-quantum-computing-achievement-ibm-says-not-so</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Cho, Adrian (2 August 2022). "Ordinary computers can beat Google's quantum computer after all". Science. <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/ordinary-computers-can-beat-google-s-quantum-computer-after-all" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/content/article/ordinary-computers-can-beat-google-s-quantum-computer-after-all</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Summit". Retrieved 2 April 2024. <a href="https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/summit/" target="_blank">https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/summit/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Frontier remains world's most powerful supercomputer on Top500 list". 14 November 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2024. <a href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/frontier-holds-onto-number-one-spot-on-top500-list/" target="_blank">https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/frontier-holds-onto-number-one-spot-on-top500-list/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; Bacon, Dave; Bardin, Joseph C.; Barends, Rami; Biswas, Rupak; Boixo, Sergio; Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.; Buell, David A.; Burkett, Brian (October 2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor". Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. arXiv:1910.11333. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..505A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31645734. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1666-5" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1666-5</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Rincon, Paul (23 October 2019). "Google claims 'quantum supremacy' for computer". BBC News. Retrieved 23 October 2019. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-50154993" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-50154993</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Gibney, Elizabeth (23 October 2019). "Hello quantum world! Google publishes landmark quantum supremacy claim". Nature. 574 (7779): 461–462. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..461G. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03213-z. PMID 31645740. S2CID 204836839. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-019-03213-z" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-019-03213-z</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Google Claims Breakthrough in Blazingly Fast Computing". Associated Press via The New York Times. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103175058/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/10/23/us/bc-us-google-quantum-computing.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191103175058/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/10/23/us/bc-us-google-quantum-computing.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"On "Quantum Supremacy"". IBM Research Blog. 22 October 2019. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191101012410/https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/10/on-quantum-supremacy/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191101012410/https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/10/on-quantum-supremacy/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Whyte, Chelsea (5 October 2019). "What next for quantum computers?". New Scientist. 243 (3250): 15. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(19)31852-4. S2CID 209993144. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Shankland, Stephen (25 October 2019). "Quantum supremacy? Done. Now the hard work begins for mere quantum practicality". CNET. <a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/google-quantum-supremacy-only-first-taste-of-computing-revolution/" target="_blank">https://www.cnet.com/news/google-quantum-supremacy-only-first-taste-of-computing-revolution/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Savage, Neil (24 October 2019). "Hands-On with Google's Quantum Computer". Scientific American. <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hands-on-with-googles-quantum-computer/" target="_blank">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hands-on-with-googles-quantum-computer/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Mack, Eric (24 October 2019). "No, Google and Its Quantum Computer Aren't Killing Bitcoin Anytime Soon". Inc.com. <a href="https://www.inc.com/eric-mack/no-google-its-quantum-computer-arent-killing-bitcoin-anytime-soon.html" target="_blank">https://www.inc.com/eric-mack/no-google-its-quantum-computer-arent-killing-bitcoin-anytime-soon.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Yirka, Bob (28 August 2020). "Google conducts largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer to date". Phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020. <a href="https://phys.org/news/2020-08-google-largest-chemical-simulation-quantum.html" target="_blank">https://phys.org/news/2020-08-google-largest-chemical-simulation-quantum.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Savage, Neil (24 October 2019). "Google's Quantum Computer Achieves Chemistry Milestone". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 September 2020. <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/googles-quantum-computer-achieves-chemistry-milestone/" target="_blank">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/googles-quantum-computer-achieves-chemistry-milestone/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Arute, Frank; et al. (28 August 2020). "Hartree–Fock on a superconducting qubit quantum computer". Science. 369 (6507): 1084–1089. arXiv:2004.04174. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1084.. doi:10.1126/science.abb9811. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32855334. S2CID 215548188. Retrieved 7 September 2020. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb9811" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb9811</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Satzinger, K. J.; Liu, Y.; Smith, A.; Knapp, C.; Newman, M.; Jones, C.; Chen, Z.; Quintana, C.; Mi, X.; Dunsworth, A.; Gidney, C. (2 April 2021). "Realizing topologically ordered states on a quantum processor". Science. 374 (6572): 1237–1241. arXiv:2104.01180. Bibcode:2021Sci...374.1237S. doi:10.1126/science.abi8378. PMID 34855491. S2CID 233025160. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Mi, Xiao; Ippoliti, Matteo; Quintana, Chris; Greene, Amy; Chen, Zijun; Gross, Jonathan; Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Atalaya, Juan; Babbush, Ryan; Bardin, Joseph C. (2022). "Time-crystalline eigenstate order on a quantum processor". Nature. 601 (7894): 531–536. arXiv:2107.13571. Bibcode:2022Natur.601..531M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04257-w. PMC 8791837. PMID 34847568. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8791837" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8791837</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Wolchover, Natalie (30 July 2021). "Eternal Change for No Energy: A Time Crystal Finally Made Real". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 30 July 2021. <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/first-time-crystal-built-using-googles-quantum-computer-20210730/" target="_blank">https://www.quantamagazine.org/first-time-crystal-built-using-googles-quantum-computer-20210730/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Jafferis, Daniel; Zlokapa, Alexander; Lykken, Joseph D.; Kolchmeyer, David K.; Davis, Samantha I.; Lauk, Nikolai; Neven, Hartmut; Spiropulu, Maria (2022). "Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor". Nature. 612 (7938): 51–55. Bibcode:2022Natur.612...51J. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3. PMID 36450904. S2CID 254099207. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_L._Jafferis" target="_blank">/wiki/Daniel_L._Jafferis</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Google Strikes Quantum Research Partnership with Forschungszentrum Jülich". HPCwire. 8 July 2019. 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