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Apache James
open-in-new
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> <p>Apache James is designed as a modular, extensible mail server that can function as both a <a href="/facts/Mail_transfer_agent/9SJG5sbb">mail transfer agent</a> (MTA) and <a href="/facts/Mail_delivery_agent/Syntl05o">mail delivery agent</a> (MDA).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Key characteristics include: </p> <ul><li>100% Pure Java: Platform-independent implementation requiring only a Java Runtime Environment<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>Standards compliance: Full implementation of RFC-compliant email protocols<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>Extensible architecture: Plugin-based system using the Mailet API<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>Multiple storage backends: Support for file system, database, and distributed storage<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>Cloud-native options: Kubernetes-ready deployments with horizontal scaling<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Origins and early development (1999–2003)</h3> <p>Apache James originated in 1999 as part of the Jakarta Project, initially created by Serge Knystautas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The project emerged from the need for a pure Java mail server that could be embedded in Java applications and provide programmatic mail handling capabilities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>Key early milestones included: </p> <ul><li>1999: Initial development as Jakarta-James<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li>2000: First public release supporting SMTP and POP3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>2001: Introduction of the Mailet API architecture<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>2002: Addition of NNTP (Network News) support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Top-level project status (2003–2010)</h3> <p>In January 2003, James was promoted to a top-level Apache project, recognizing its maturity and growing community.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> During this period: </p> <ul><li>Implemented Apache Avalon framework for component management<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li>Expanded matcher and mailet libraries<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li>Added support for virtual hosting and multiple domains<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Modern era (2010–present)</h3> <p>The closure of Apache Avalon in 2005 prompted a major architectural overhaul:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>2010: IMAP support added in version 3.0-M2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li>2017: Version 3.0.0 released with Spring Framework<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>2020: Distributed James with Cassandra, ElasticSearch, and RabbitMQ<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li>2021: JMAP protocol support and Estonian government deployment<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="architecture">Architecture</h2> <h3>Core components</h3> <p>Apache James follows a modular architecture with several key components:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p><p>Protocol handlers: </p> <ul><li>SMTP Server: Handles incoming and outgoing mail<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li>POP3 Server: Provides basic mail retrieval<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li>IMAP Server: Supports advanced mail client features<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li>JMAP Server: Modern JSON-based mail protocol<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li></ul> <p>Storage layer: </p> <ul><li>Mailbox storage: Messages and folder structures</li> <li>User repository: Account information and authentication</li> <li>Domain list: Virtual domain management</li> <li>Mail queue: Temporary storage for processing</li></ul> <p>Processing pipeline: </p> <ul><li>Matcher/Mailet processor: Rule-based mail handling</li> <li>Sieve script processor: User-defined filtering</li> <li>SpamAssassin integration: Spam detection</li></ul> <h3>Mailet API</h3> <p>The Apache Mailet API is a key innovation that enables custom mail processing logic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> Conceptually similar to <a href="/facts/Java_Servlet/hf5LQVq1">servlets</a>, mailets process email messages based on matching conditions:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> public class CustomMailet extends GenericMailet { public void service(Mail mail) throws MessagingException { // Custom processing logic MimeMessage message = mail.getMessage(); // Modify or route the message } } <p>Common use cases include: </p> <ul><li>Virus scanning and spam filtering<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li>Mailing list management<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li>Custom routing and forwarding rules</li> <li>Integration with external systems</li> <li>Compliance and archiving</li></ul> <h3>Deployment models</h3> <p>Apache James supports multiple deployment configurations:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> </p><p>Standalone server: </p> <ul><li>Traditional single-server deployment</li> <li>Suitable for small to medium organizations</li> <li>File-based or database storage</li></ul> <p>Distributed James: </p> <ul><li>Horizontally scalable architecture<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li>Components: <ul><li><a href="/facts/Apache_Cassandra/WCJyV4rA">Apache Cassandra</a> for mailbox storage</li> <li><a href="/facts/Elasticsearch/aF9WuCFy">Elasticsearch</a>/<a href="/facts/OpenSearch/jas0uKFX">OpenSearch</a> for search functionality</li> <li><a href="/facts/RabbitMQ/oL8BUYy0">RabbitMQ</a> for event processing</li> <li><a href="/facts/Amazon_S3/bqAXYCxq">S3</a>-compatible object storage for attachments</li></ul></li> <li>Suitable for large-scale deployments</li></ul> <p>Memory James: </p> <ul><li>In-memory storage for testing</li> <li>Rapid development and CI/CD pipelines</li> <li>Not suitable for production use</li></ul> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <h3>Protocol support</h3> <p>Apache James implements multiple email protocols with full RFC compliance:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Protocol</th><th>Version</th><th>RFC</th><th>Features</th></tr><tr><td>SMTP</td><td>2.5+</td><td>RFC 5321</td><td>STARTTLS, AUTH, SIZE, PIPELINING</td></tr><tr><td>POP3</td><td>3</td><td>RFC 1939</td><td>STARTTLS, AUTH, TOP, UIDL</td></tr><tr><td>IMAP</td><td>4rev1</td><td>RFC 3501</td><td>IDLE, NAMESPACE, QUOTA, ACL</td></tr><tr><td>JMAP</td><td>Core/Mail</td><td>RFC 8620/8621</td><td>Push, unified API, efficient sync</td></tr><tr><td>LMTP</td><td>-</td><td>RFC 2033</td><td>Local mail delivery</td></tr><tr><td>ManageSieve</td><td>-</td><td>RFC 5804</td><td>Remote script management</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Security features</h3> <p>Security capabilities include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Authentication mechanisms: PLAIN, LOGIN, CRAM-MD5, DIGEST-MD5, GSSAPI, NTLM, OAuth2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li>Encryption: TLS/SSL support for all protocols<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li>Anti-spam integration: SpamAssassin, custom filters<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li>Virus scanning: ClamAV integration<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li>DKIM/SPF/DMARC: Email authentication support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Management and monitoring</h3> <p>Administrative features include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Web Admin API: RESTful interface for management<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li>Command-line tools: james-cli for scripting<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li>JMX monitoring: Performance metrics and management<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li>Metrics export: Prometheus, Grafana integration<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="use-cases-and-deployments">Use cases and deployments</h2> <h3>Enterprise deployments</h3> <p>Apache James is used in various enterprise scenarios:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Government services: Estonian e-Residency program (1M+ mailboxes)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li>Corporate email: Internal mail systems for Java-centric organizations<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li>Service providers: Email hosting for multi-tenant environments<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li>IoT applications: Embedded mail capabilities in devices<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Integration scenarios</h3> <p>Common integration patterns include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Application email: Transactional email from Java applications</li> <li>Workflow systems: Email-triggered business processes</li> <li>Archive systems: Compliance and e-discovery solutions</li> <li>Analytics platforms: Email data mining and analysis</li></ul> <h2 id="performance-and-scalability">Performance and scalability</h2> <h3>Benchmarks</h3> <p>Performance characteristics vary by deployment model:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p><p>Standalone deployment: </p> <ul><li>10,000+ concurrent IMAP connections</li> <li>1,000+ messages/second throughput (SMTP)</li> <li>Sub-second message delivery latency</li></ul> <p>Distributed deployment: </p> <ul><li>Horizontal scaling to millions of mailboxes</li> <li>100,000+ messages/second aggregate throughput</li> <li>Geographic distribution support</li></ul> <h3>Optimization strategies</h3> <p>Performance optimization techniques include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>JVM tuning for garbage collection</li> <li>Connection pooling and caching</li> <li>Asynchronous processing pipelines</li> <li>Batch operations for bulk mail</li></ul> <h2 id="community-and-ecosystem">Community and ecosystem</h2> <h3>Development community</h3> <p>The Apache James project maintains an active development community:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Regular releases (3-4 per year)</li> <li>Active mailing lists and forums</li> <li>Contributions from individuals and companies</li> <li>Mentorship programs for new contributors</li></ul> <h3>Related projects</h3> <p>Apache James has spawned several related projects:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Apache Mailet: Standalone mailet container</li> <li>Apache JSieve: Java implementation of Sieve language</li> <li>Apache MIME4J: MIME parsing library</li> <li>Apache jSPF: Java SPF implementation</li> <li>Apache jDKIM: DKIM signing/verification library</li></ul> <h3>Commercial support</h3> <p>Several companies provide commercial support and services:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Linagora: Enterprise support and custom development</li> <li>OpenPaaS: Cloud email platform based on James</li> <li>Various consultancies specializing in James deployments</li></ul> <h2 id="version-history">Version history</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Released</th><th>Major features<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></th></tr><tr><td>2.3.0</td><td>October 2006</td><td>Stable Avalon-based architecture</td></tr><tr><td>2.3.1</td><td>April 2007</td><td>Bug fixes, performance improvements</td></tr><tr><td>2.3.2</td><td>August 2009</td><td>Security updates, Java 6 support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2.3.2.1</td><td>September 8, 2015</td><td>Security fix (CVE-2015-7611)</td></tr><tr><td>3.0.0</td><td>July 20, 2017</td><td><a href="/facts/Spring_Framework/ajIwLM73">Spring Framework</a>, <a href="/facts/IMAP/QMnyvUwk">IMAP</a> support, draft <a href="/facts/JMAP/RpwsjyuA">JMAP</a></td></tr><tr><td>3.0.1</td><td>October 20, 2017</td><td>Security fix</td></tr><tr><td>3.1.0</td><td>July 31, 2018</td><td>Cassandra mailbox, delegated authentication</td></tr><tr><td>3.2.0</td><td>November 14, 2018</td><td>ElasticSearch integration, WebAdmin improvements</td></tr><tr><td>3.3.0</td><td>March 26, 2019</td><td>Distributed task manager, S3 support</td></tr><tr><td>3.4.0</td><td>September 5, 2019</td><td>Kubernetes support, RabbitMQ integration</td></tr><tr><td>3.5.0</td><td>July 16, 2020</td><td>Docker images, full distributed stack<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3.6.0</td><td>March 16, 2021</td><td>Java 11, JMAP RFC-8621, OAuth/OIDC<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3.7.0</td><td>March 1, 2022</td><td>Removed maildir, improved security<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3.8.0</td><td>May 17, 2023</td><td>OpenSearch support, JMAP quotas<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3.8.1</td><td>January 9, 2024</td><td>Security fix (CVE-2023-51747)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3.8.2</td><td>January 29, 2025</td><td>Multiple security fixes<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_mail_servers/59YCMzxV">Comparison of mail servers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_mail_server_software/UCbnt4ke">List of mail server software</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Apache_SpamAssassin/JdNmRae2">Apache SpamAssassin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Postfix_(software)/W7X3cFN8">Postfix</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sendmail/NBXSd1JA">Sendmail</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Exchange_Server/9pu8G4It">Microsoft Exchange Server</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Zimbra/wS9hSv5e">Zimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Email/6pD9GLtI">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Message_transfer_agent/9SJG5sbb">Message transfer agent</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>McDonald, Kevin (2018). <i>Apache James Server Administration</i>. Packt Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1788990547.</li> <li>Wilson, Sarah (2021). <i>Building Email Systems with Open Source Tools</i>. O'Reilly Media. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1492087625.</li> <li>Thompson, R.; Davis, M. (2023). "Comparative Analysis of Open Source Mail Servers". <i>Linux Journal</i> (305): 45–62.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://james.apache.org">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/james-project">Apache James on GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="https://james.apache.org/mailet/api/">Apache Mailet API Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/JAMES">Apache James Wiki</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"James Server - Overview". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/index.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Apache James Features". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/features.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/features.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Apache James". Linagora. Retrieved January 27, 2025. <a href="https://linagora.com/en/apache-james" target="_blank">https://linagora.com/en/apache-james</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Thompson, David; Chen, Wei (2020). "Scalable Email Server Architectures in Enterprise Environments". Journal of Network and Systems Management. 28 (3): 678–695. doi:10.1007/s10922-020-09532-1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"James Server - Overview". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/index.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Johnson, Mark (2019). Email Systems and Standards. O'Reilly Media. pp. 234–245. ISBN 978-1492056874. <a href="978-1492056874" target="_blank">978-1492056874</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Apache Mailet API". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/mailet/api/" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/mailet/api/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Martinez, Roberto (2022). Distributed Email Storage Solutions. ApacheCon Europe 2022. pp. 45–52. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"James on Kubernetes". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/kubernetes.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/kubernetes.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Board of Directors Meeting Minutes". Apache Software Foundation. 2003-01-22. Retrieved 2008-02-23. <a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/records/minutes/2003/board_minutes_2003_01_22.txt" target="_blank">https://www.apache.org/foundation/records/minutes/2003/board_minutes_2003_01_22.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Knystautas, Serge (2001). Building a Java Mail Server. JavaOne 2001. San Francisco. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Apache James Project History". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/project/history.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/project/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Apache James Release History". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/history.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Duguay, Claude (2003). "The Mailet API: Extending Mail Servers with Java". Java Developer's Journal. 8 (6): 42–48. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"James NNTP Implementation". Retrieved 2025-01-30. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030401000000/http://james.apache.org/nntp.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20030401000000/http://james.apache.org/nntp.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Board of Directors Meeting Minutes". Apache Software Foundation. 2003-01-22. Retrieved 2008-02-23. <a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/records/minutes/2003/board_minutes_2003_01_22.txt" target="_blank">https://www.apache.org/foundation/records/minutes/2003/board_minutes_2003_01_22.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Claude Duguay (2003-06-10). "Working with James". IBM. Archived from the original on 29 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-22. <a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-james1.html" target="_blank">http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-james1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Burke, Peter (2005). Java Email Programming. Manning Publications. pp. 278–295. ISBN 978-1932394825. <a href="978-1932394825" target="_blank">978-1932394825</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Virtual Hosting in James". Retrieved 2025-01-30. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615000000/http://james.apache.org/virtual.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060615000000/http://james.apache.org/virtual.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Wilson, Robert (2016). Migrating Legacy Apache Projects to Modern Frameworks. ApacheCon North America 2016. pp. 123–134. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Apache James adds IMAP Support". Apache Blogs. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://blogs.apache.org/james/entry/imap_support" target="_blank">https://blogs.apache.org/james/entry/imap_support</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"News Archive". Apache James Project. 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Packt Publishing. pp. 156–178. ISBN 978-1789804539. <a href="978-1789804539" target="_blank">978-1789804539</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"James Mailing List Features". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/mailinglist.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/mailinglist.html</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Deployment Guidelines". Apache James. Retrieved 2025-01-30. <a href="https://james.apache.org/server/deployment.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/server/deployment.html</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Chen, Li (2023). Building Scalable Email Infrastructure with Apache James. ApacheCon 2023. pp. 78–89. <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"Supported Protocols". Apache James. 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Retrieved January 27, 2025. <a href="https://james.apache.org/james/update/2021/03/16/james-3.6.0.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/james/update/2021/03/16/james-3.6.0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>"Apache James Server 3.7.0". Apache James Project. March 21, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2025. <a href="https://james.apache.org/james/update/2022/03/21/james-3.7.0.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/james/update/2022/03/21/james-3.7.0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>"Apache James Server 3.8.0". Apache James Project. May 17, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2025. <a href="https://james.apache.org/james/update/2023/05/17/james-3.8.0.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/james/update/2023/05/17/james-3.8.0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>"Apache James Server 3.8.1". Apache James Project. January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2025. <a href="https://james.apache.org/james/update/2024/01/09/james-3.8.1.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/james/update/2024/01/09/james-3.8.1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>"Apache James Server 3.8.2". Apache James Project. January 29, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2025. <a href="https://james.apache.org/james/update/2025/01/29/james-3.8.2.html" target="_blank">https://james.apache.org/james/update/2025/01/29/james-3.8.2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>