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Flood warning
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<h2 id="by-country">By country</h2> <p>The type of flood warning service available varies greatly from country to country, and a location may receive warnings from more than one service. </p> <h3>Philippines</h3> <p>In the <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a>, the <a href="/facts/PAGASA/7HPoTPNm">Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration</a> (PAGASA) branch of the <a href="/facts/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)/2DLFkNRN">Department of Science and Technology</a> (DOST) issues general flood advisory (for non-telemetered river basins whenever there is a significant amount of rainfall recorded).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> Flood Warnings issued by the PAGASA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><td scope="col">Warning name</td><th scope="col">Description</th><th scope="col">Forecast</th><th scope="col">Action/Response</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Flood Monitoring</th><td>Telemetered: Slow rise in water level but still below alarm level<p>Non-Telemetered: Monitor for possible flooding area</p></td><td>Telemeterd: Flood is possible<p>Non-Telemeterd: Light to Moderate Rainfall</p></td><td>Non-Telemetrd: Advised to take Precautionary Measures</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Flood Alert</th><td>Telemetered: Water level is continuously rising but still below critical level<p>Non-Telemetered: Alert for possible flash floods and landslides</p></td><td>Telemeterd: Flood is threatening<p>Non-Telemeterd: Moderate to Heavy Rainfall</p></td><td>Non-Telemeterd: Advised to be alert for possible flood, flash flood and landslides</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Flood Warning</th><td>Telemetered: Water level is above critical level<p>Non-Telemetered: Flood is occurring immediate action is recommended</p></td><td>Telemeterd: Flood is occurring<p>Non-Telemeterd: Heavy to Intense Rainfall</p></td><td>Non-Telemeterd: Advised to take appropriate action</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Severe Flood Warning</th><td>Telemetered: Water level is continuously rising above critical level<p>Non-Telemetered: Flood is persisting force evacuation is recommended</p></td><td>Telemeterd: Flood is persisting<p>Non-Telemeterd: Intense to Torrential Rainfall</p></td><td>Non-Telemeterd: Advised to force evacuation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Final</th><td>Telemetered: Slow recession of water level<p>Non-Telemetered: Light rains</p></td><td>Flood is no longer possible</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>United Kingdom</h3> <p>Arrangements for flood warnings vary across the United Kingdom with several agencies leading on warnings for emergency responders and the public. The <a href="/facts/Environment_Agency/B1RNS01A">Environment Agency</a>, <a href="/facts/Natural_Resources_Wales/NGqWbpYu">Natural Resources Wales</a> and <a href="/facts/Scottish_Environment_Protection_Agency/9h3PuuR2">Scottish Environment Protection Agency</a> all undertake location specific flood warning activities for communities at risk depending upon the scale of flood risk, technical challenges and investment needed to deliver a reliable service. </p><p>Prior to issuing a flood warning consideration is given to: </p> <ul><li>the needs of communities to activate emergency response plans</li> <li>the nature of the catchment or coastline and the lead time that may be provided</li> <li>meteorological observations and forecast information on rainfall and coastal water levels</li> <li>hydrological observations and flood forecasts</li> <li>reference to thresholds of historic or forecast flood levels</li></ul> <p>Dissemination of flood warnings has moved towards a service whereby those at risk can pre-register to receive warnings by phone, email or text message from an automatic system, Floodline.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Both warnings and updates about current conditions are also carried by local <a href="/facts/Radio_station/FLJVq8Ec">radio stations</a>. In addition, live updates are carried by the Environment Agency's website,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> showing which locations have flood warnings in place and the severity of these warnings. </p><p>There is currently no flood warning system in Northern Ireland, but the <a href="/facts/Met_Office/V0reszST">Met Office</a> does issue weather warnings. <a href="/facts/Flood_risk_management/qAHRNkHl">Flood risk management</a> is the responsibility of <a href="/facts/Rivers_Agency/lRfXVcYK">Rivers Agency</a> in Northern Ireland. Consideration will be given to the introduction of a warning system as part of the implementation of the EU <a href="/facts/Floods_directive/ezA8IRFY">Floods directive</a>. </p> <h3>United States</h3> <p>In the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>, a <a href="/facts/Flash_flood_watch/7Rtmkhxv">flash flood watch</a> is issued by the <a href="/facts/National_Weather_Service/gcWCQRzr">National Weather Service</a> (NWS) when weather conditions are favorable for very heavy <a href="/facts/Rain/MLqcQEyx">rain</a> that could cause flooding or <a href="/facts/Flash_flood/W3QsPAdW">flash flooding</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> A watch does not mean that flooding is occurring, only that <a href="/facts/Weather/f0qzFRVV">weather</a> conditions have created or will create a significant risk for it. If flooding occurs, a flood warning or <a href="/facts/Flash_flood_warning/nxwjGYSS">flash flood warning</a> would be issued, and immediate action should be taken. A flood warning or flash flood warning is issued when flooding is imminent or already occurring. When flood warnings are issued, it means that area <a href="/facts/Waterway/F0cpQUNN">waterways</a> will likely soon be in flood.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Not all flood watches suggest that large-scale flooding, such as during <a href="/facts/Landfall_(meteorology)/W3MzjCJT">landfalling</a> <a href="/facts/Tropical_cyclone/FQzVXly7">tropical cyclones</a>, is possible. </p><p>In the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>, the <a href="/facts/National_Weather_Service/gcWCQRzr">National Weather Service</a> issues flood watches and warnings for large-scale, gradual river flooding. Watches are issued when flooding is possible or expected within 12–48 hours, and warnings are issued when flooding over a large area or river flooding is imminent or occurring.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Both can be issued on a county-by-county basis or for specific rivers or points along a river. When rapid flooding from heavy rain or a dam failure is expected, <a href="/facts/Flash_flood_watch/7Rtmkhxv">flash flood watches</a> and <a href="/facts/Flash_flood_warning/nxwjGYSS">warnings</a> are issued. </p><p>In the U.S. and <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a>, dissemination of flood warnings is covered by <a href="/facts/Specific_Area_Message_Encoding/Eexah5Y7">Specific Area Message Encoding</a> (SAME) code FLW, which is used by the U.S. <a href="/facts/Emergency_Alert_System/2gzJnnwF">Emergency Alert System</a> and <a href="/facts/NOAA_Weather_Radio/H5uXfdGu">NOAA Weather Radio</a> network and in Canada's <a href="/facts/Weatheradio_Canada/TojCGBDh">Weatheradio Canada</a> network. </p><p>"Flood statements" are issued by the <a href="/facts/National_Weather_Service/gcWCQRzr">National Weather Service</a> to inform the public of flooding along major streams in which there is not a serious threat to life or property. They may also follow a flood warning to give later information.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h4>Example of a flood warning</h4> <p>The following is an example of a "Flood Warning." The <a href="/facts/Sabine_River_(Texas%25E2%2580%2593Louisiana)/GRJvkeGh">Sabine River</a> is used as an example: </p> 394 WGUS44 KSHV 070219 RRA FLWSHV BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED Flood Warning National Weather Service Shreveport LA 819 PM CST Wed Jan 6 2021 ...The National Weather Service in Shreveport LA has issued a Flood Warning for the following rivers in Texas... Sabine River Near Hawkins affecting Wood, Smith and Upshur Counties. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Do not drive cars through flooded areas. Caution is urged when walking near riverbanks. A Flood Warning means that flooding is imminent or occurring. All interested parties should take necessary precautions immediately. Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. For more hydrologic information, copy and paste the following website address into your favorite web browser URL bar: water.weather.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=shv TXC423-459-499-080230- /O.NEW.KSHV.FL.W.0009.210109T0430Z-210111T0224Z/ /HAKT2.1.ER.210109T0430Z.210110T0000Z.210110T2024Z.NO/ 819 PM CST Wed Jan 6 2021 The National Weather Service in Shreveport has issued a * Flood Warning for the Sabine River Near Hawkins. * From Friday evening to Sunday evening. * At 7:45 PM CST Wednesday the stage was 19.1 feet. * Flood stage is 23.0 feet. * Minor flooding is forecast. * Forecast...The river is expected to rise above flood stage late Friday evening to a crest of 23.7 feet Saturday evening. It will then fall below flood stage early Sunday afternoon. * Impact...At 23.0 feet, minor lowland flooding. Move livestock and equipment to higher ground. && LAT...LON 3263 9535 3257 9509 3253 9508 3254 9521 3257 9535 $$ 19 <p>Source:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h4>Example of a flood statement</h4> 000 WGUS84 KMRX 221008 FLSMRX FLOOD STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN, TN 608 AM EDT TUE SEP 22 2009 ...THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS IN GEORGIA... TENNESSEE... SOUTH CHICKAMAUGA CREEK @ CHICKAMAUGA TN AFFECTING CATOOSA AND HAMILTON COUNTIES IN HAMILTON COUNTY...THERE ARE TOO MANY STREETS CLOSED TO MENTION. IN SHORT...BE PREPARED FOR LONG DELAYS. ALSO...FAR TOO MANY PEOPLE ARE TRYING TO DRIVE THROUGH FLOOD WATERS. THIS IS A GOOD WAY TO DIE. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... MOST DEATHS IN FLOODS OCCUR IN CARS! IF YOU COME TO A CLOSED OR FLOODED ROAD, TURN AROUND! DON'T DROWN! DRIVING INTO FLOODED ROADS IS A GOOD WAY TO DIE. BETTER TO BE LATE THAN END UP ON THE NEWS. && GAC047-TNC065-221608- /O.CON.KMRX.FL.W.0013.000000T0000Z-090923T1942Z/ /CHKT1.2.ER.090921T0923Z.090922T1800Z.090923T1342Z.NO/ 608 AM EDT TUE SEP 22 2009 THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE SOUTH CHICKAMAUGA CREEK @ CHICKAMAUGA TN * UNTIL WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. * AT 5:15 AM TUESDAY THE STAGE WAS 25.8 FEET. * MODERATE FLOODING IS OCCURRING. THE FORECAST IS FOR MODERATE FLOODING TO CONTINUE. * FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL CONTINUE TO RISE AND CREST NEAR 26.5 FEET TUESDAY AFTERNOON. THE RIVER WILL FALL BELOW FLOOD STAGE LATE WEDNESDAY MORNING. * AT 27.0 FEET...HOMES ON ARLENA CIRCLE (OFF SHALLOWFORD ROAD) ARE EVACUATED. EVACUATIONS ALSO TAKE PLACE AT THE FOUNTAINBLEAU APARTMENTS ON SPRING CREEK ROAD IN EAST RIDGE. $$ $$ BOYD <p>Source:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>Iowa Flood Center</h3> <p>The Iowa Flood Center at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Iowa/pBzJ1vxe">University of Iowa</a> operates the largest real-time flood monitoring system of its kind in the world. It includes more than 200 real-time stream stage sensors that feed data into the Iowa Flood Information System where data can be viewed, online, by disaster management staff and the general public. The stream stage sensors, mounted on bridges and culverts, use ultrasonic sensors to monitor stream and river levels.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>Australia</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq">Australia</a>, flood warnings are handled by the <a href="/facts/Bureau_of_Meteorology/eVxfMybu">Bureau Of Meteorology</a> as well as local councils. The method of distributing the warning can vary but is usually transmitted by radio, social media and dedicated apps.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="in-other-countries">In other countries</h2> <p>In <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a>, a <a href="/facts/Heavy_rainfall_warning/7Rtmkhxv">heavy rainfall warning</a>, which indicates rainfall amounts that <i>could</i> produce flooding are expected, has basically the same meaning as a flood watch. </p><p>In Europe, there is the <a href="/facts/European_Flood_Alert_System/7NBUrjzC">European Flood Awareness System</a> and the commercial product including app and data services <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jacobs.floodalert&pli=1">FloodAlert</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.riversagencyni.gov.uk/">Flood Risk Management in Northern Ireland</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330201022/http://www.riversagencyni.gov.uk/">Archived</a> 2010-03-30 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> at riversagencyni.gov.uk</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Flood Information". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2021. <a href="http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/flood" target="_blank">http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/flood</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Weather Icons". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learnings/legend" target="_blank">http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learnings/legend</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"EA: Floodline Warnings Direct – our free flood warning service". environment-agency.gov.uk. <a href="http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/38289.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/38289.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Flood warnings for England – GOV.UK". www.environment-agency.gov.uk. <a href="http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/31618.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/31618.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Flash Flood Watch definition". National Weather Service. 16 August 2019. <a href="https://www.weather.gov/lwx/WarningsDefined#Flash%20Flood%20Watch" target="_blank">https://www.weather.gov/lwx/WarningsDefined#Flash%20Flood%20Watch</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Flood Emergencies Solution: Flood Forecasting and Warning Service". Bluemont. Retrieved 2023-03-16. <a href="https://www.bluemont.com.au/" target="_blank">https://www.bluemont.com.au/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Burlingtonnc.gov Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine National Weather Service: Watch, Warning, and Advisory Criteria <a href="http://www.burlingtonnc.gov/DocumentView.aspx?DID=728" target="_blank">http://www.burlingtonnc.gov/DocumentView.aspx?DID=728</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Service, NOAA's National Weather. "Glossary – NOAA's National Weather Service". www.weather.gov. <a href="https://www.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=f" target="_blank">https://www.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=f</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Flood Warning". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. <a href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KSHV-FL-W-0009/USCOMP-N0Q-202101011455" target="_blank">https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KSHV-FL-W-0009/USCOMP-N0Q-202101011455</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"A flood statement archived at NOAA". noaa.gov. <a href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/data/warn_archive/MRX/FLS/0922_100822.txt" target="_blank">http://www.srh.noaa.gov/data/warn_archive/MRX/FLS/0922_100822.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Center, Iowa Flood. "Iowa Flood Center". iowafloodcenter.org. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-09-08. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910181007/http://iowafloodcenter.org/projects/stream-stage-sensor/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150910181007/http://iowafloodcenter.org/projects/stream-stage-sensor/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Queensland, c=AU; o=The State of. "Tune into local flood warnings | Flood warnings and alerts". www.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2024-08-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://www.qld.gov.au/emergency/dealing-disasters/disaster-types/flood/flood-warnings-and-alerts/tune-in-to-local-flood-warnings" target="_blank">https://www.qld.gov.au/emergency/dealing-disasters/disaster-types/flood/flood-warnings-and-alerts/tune-in-to-local-flood-warnings</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Flood Alert - Apps on Google Play". play.google.com. Retrieved 2024-09-12. <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jacobs.floodalert&pli=1" target="_blank">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jacobs.floodalert&pli=1</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>