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Closed kinetic chain exercises
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<h2 id="properties">Properties</h2> <p>These exercises are typically <a href="/facts/Weight_bearing/lRHt7tWt">weight bearing</a> exercises, where an exerciser uses one's own body weight and/ or external weight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="closed-kinetic-chain-upper-body-exercises">Closed kinetic chain upper body exercises</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Push-ups/7J7SmYSL">Push-ups</a> and their derivatives (including handstand), <a href="/facts/Pull-up_(exercise)/o8oXVmYm">pull-ups</a> (or <a href="/facts/Chin-ups/FPuxTJ2A">chin-ups</a>), <a href="/facts/Supine_row/llKK0cyF">Supine row</a> and dips, concentrate on a co-contraction of the <a href="/facts/Triceps_brachii_muscle/gGsCGex4">triceps</a>, <a href="/facts/Biceps_brachii_muscle/BD7d5z0t">biceps</a>, <a href="/facts/Deltoid_muscle/se9ub2Ld">deltoids</a>, <a href="/facts/Pectoralis_major_muscle/TYGcRM1U">pectorals</a>, <a href="/facts/Latissimus_dorsi_muscle/p93g9Mv2">lats</a>, <a href="/facts/Abdominals/HcTzDFL0">abdominals</a> and <a href="/facts/Lower_back/NBnEY2qb">lower back</a> for stabilization in various ratios depending upon angle and leverage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="closed-kinetic-chain-lower-body-exercises">Closed kinetic chain lower body exercises</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Squat_(exercise)/4fBXwPf1">Squats</a>, <a href="/facts/Deadlift/cATUqxY0">deadlifts</a>, <a href="/facts/Lunge_(exercise)/7vbCGoL0">lunges</a>, <a href="/facts/Clean_and_jerk/s91cduSW">power cleans</a>: these concentrate on a co-contraction of the <a href="/facts/Quadriceps/31aXx9sq">quadriceps</a>, <a href="/facts/Hamstrings/svAuCSev">hamstrings</a>, <a href="/facts/Hip_flexors/jjFLKvvJ">hip flexors</a>, <a href="/facts/Soleus/utGDMuec">soleus</a>, and <a href="/facts/Gastrocnemius/zT65c98K">gastrocnemius</a> muscles. The joints of movement include the knee, hip, and ankle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Miller, John P.; Croce, Ronald V. (2007). "Analysis of Isokinetic and Closed Chain Movements for Hamstring Reciprocal Coactivation". <i>Journal of Sport Rehabilitation</i>. 16 (4): 319–325. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1123%2Fjsr.16.4.319">10.1123/jsr.16.4.319</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18246898">18246898</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Graham, V. L.; Gehlsen, G. M.; Edwards, J. A. (1993). "Electromyographic evaluation of closed and open kinetic chain knee rehabilitation exercises". J Athl Train. 28 (1): 23–30. PMC 1317886. PMID 16558199. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317886" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317886</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Blackburn, J. R.; Morrissey, M. C. (1998). "The relationship between open and closed kinetic chain strength of the lower limb and jumping performance". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 27 (6): 430–5. doi:10.2519/jospt.1998.27.6.430. PMID 9617729. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2519%2Fjospt.1998.27.6.430" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2519%2Fjospt.1998.27.6.430</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Prokopy, M. P.; Ingersoll, C. D.; Nordenschild, E.; Katch, F. I.; Gaesser, G. A.; Weltman, A. (2008). "Closed-kinetic chain upper-body training improves throwing performance of NCAA Division I softball players". J Strength Cond Res. 22 (6): 1790–8. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318185f637. PMID 18978626. S2CID 14111109. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1519%2FJSC.0b013e318185f637" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1519%2FJSC.0b013e318185f637</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Anderson, Thomas B.; Duong, Hieu (2024), "Weight Bearing", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31855400, retrieved 2024-06-17 <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551573/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551573/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Ellenbecker, Todd; Davies, George (2001). Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise. A Comprehensive Guide to Multiple Joint Exercises. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-7360-0170-0. <a href="978-0-7360-0170-0" target="_blank">978-0-7360-0170-0</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ellenbecker, Todd; Davies, George (2001). Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise. A Comprehensive Guide to Multiple Joint Exercises. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-7360-0170-0. <a href="978-0-7360-0170-0" target="_blank">978-0-7360-0170-0</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>