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BGN/PCGN romanization
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<h2 id="systems">Systems</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>File link</th><th>Language</th><th>System</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_ADYGHE.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Adyghe_language/Eamslo4k">Adyghe</a></td><td>2012 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_FOR_AFGHANISTAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN national romanization system for Afghanistan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Pashto_language/hc2ndCqx">Pashto</a> and <a href="/facts/Dari_Persian/6lydLJeG">Dari</a></td><td>2007 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_AMHARIC.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Amharic_language/zVHLsajh">Amharic</a></td><td>1967 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_ARABIC.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Arabic_language/A1e66hVV">Arabic</a></td><td>1956 system; BGN 1946, PCGN 1956</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_ARMENIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Armenian_language/tELuE2wG">Armenian</a></td><td>1981 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_AVAR.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Avar_language/Qvu8zJHz">Avar</a></td><td>2011 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_AZERBAIJANI.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Azerbaijani_language/RBrpdUk2">Azerbaijani</a> (<a href="/facts/Cyrillic_script/0btN3oWC">Cyrillic script</a>)</td><td>2002 table of correspondences</td><td>Note that the Government of Azerbaijan abandoned the Cyrillic script in 1991 and adopted the <a href="/facts/Latin_alphabet/pqWVHpBz">Latin alphabet</a> to replace it.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_BALUCHI.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Baluchi_language/w88uLrxl">Baluchi</a></td><td>2008 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_BASHKIR.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Bashkir_language/u1N82RGj">Bashkir</a></td><td>2007 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_BELARUSIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Belarusian_language/yRuE1cfX">Belarusian</a></td><td>1979 System</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_BULGARIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Bulgarian_language/susG15pr">Bulgarian</a></td><td>2013 agreement</td><td>The agreement reflects the <a href="/facts/Romanization_of_Bulgarian/EdfmbeMM">official Bulgarian system</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_BURMESE.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Burmese_language/1gpcvawX">Burmese</a></td><td>1970 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_CHECHEN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chechen_language/mCR0dGnY">Chechen</a></td><td>2008 table of correspondences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_CHINESE.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chinese_language/771ruUY1">Chinese</a></td><td>1979 agreement</td><td>Chinese characters are romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the <a href="/facts/Pinyin/pUwjfMXg">Pinyin</a> system.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_CHUVASH.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chuvash_language/2pvVW2sT">Chuvash</a></td><td>2011 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_DZONGKHA.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Dzongkha_language/WUEVgmHT">Dzongkha</a></td><td>2010 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_GEORGIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Georgian_language/DoKtMLfq">Georgian</a></td><td>2009 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_GREEK.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Greek_language/pzDd6eIz">Greek</a></td><td>1996 agreement</td><td>Greek is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the <a href="/facts/Romanization_of_Greek/KTELT9Aq">ELOT 743</a> system.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_HEBREW.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hebrew_language/hqKCSy9d">Hebrew</a></td><td>(2018 agreement)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_INUKTITUT.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inuktitut_language/SFRWSNuq">Inuktitut</a></td><td>2013 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_JAPANESE_KANA.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Japanese_language/EEv485a5">Japanese</a> (<a href="/facts/Kana/kQCM4maE">Kana</a>)</td><td>2017 agreement</td><td>Japanese is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the modified <a href="/facts/Hepburn_system/WreK5qPy">Hepburn system</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KABARDIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kabardian_language/a1Yv2tUX">Kabardian</a></td><td>2011 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_KARACHAY-BALKAR.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Karachay-Balkar_language/scITlanH">Karachay-Balkar</a></td><td>2008 table of correspondences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KAZAKH.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kazakh_language/rh22ccFt">Kazakh</a></td><td>1979 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KHMER.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Khmer_language/RVR7NyzQ">Khmer</a></td><td>1972 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KOREAN-_MR_for_DPRK.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Korean_language/dmNnRxAA">Korean</a>(<a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP">North Korea</a>)</td><td>BGN/PCGN 1945 agreement</td><td>Korean is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the <a href="/facts/McCune%25E2%2580%2593Reischauer/g37JIq4D">McCune–Reischauer</a> system.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KOREAN-__MOCT_for_ROK.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td>Korean(<a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a>)</td><td>2011 agreement</td><td>Korean is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the <a href="/facts/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean/jA5Fz40j">Revised Romanization of Korean</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KURDISH.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kurdish_language/6LSckYAz">Kurdish</a></td><td>2007 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KYRGYZ.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kyrgyz_language/jnuN76wT">Kyrgyz</a></td><td>1979 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_LAO.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lao_language/Gfwndgl0">Lao</a></td><td>1966 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_MACEDONIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Macedonian_language/FdnWMYBR">Macedonian</a></td><td>2013 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_MALDIVIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Maldivian_language/ld63l0V9">Maldivian</a></td><td>1988 agreement, with modifications 2009</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_MOLDOVAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Moldovan_language/0IGg3IWL">Moldovan</a></td><td>2002 table of correspondences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_MONGOLIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mongolian_language/0Lxog7Md">Mongolian</a> (Cyrillic)</td><td>1964 system; PCGN 1957, BGN 1964</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_NEPALI.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nepali_language/TSC8VdAw">Nepali</a></td><td>2011 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_OSSETIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ossetian_language/a4MHjCtL">Ossetian</a></td><td>2009 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_PASHTO.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Pashto_language/hc2ndCqx">Pashto</a></td><td>1968 system, 2017 revision</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_PERSIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Persian_language/jfUYbHbt">Persian</a></td><td>1958 system; updated 2019</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_RUSSIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian</a></td><td>1947 system; BGN 1944, PCGN 1947</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_RUSYN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Rusyn_language/T1XYCasx">Rusyn</a></td><td>2016 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_SERBIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Serbian_language/quNDpTCd">Serbian</a> (Cyrillic script)</td><td>2005 table of correspondences</td><td>Serbian is not romanized by BGN/PCGN; instead, the Latin script that corresponds to the Cyrillic script is used.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_SHAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Shan_language/usz5GGCG">Shan</a></td><td>2011 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_MODERN_SYRIAC.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Modern_Syriac_language/tTUddtXu">Modern Syriac</a></td><td>2011 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_TAJIK.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tajik_language/JsPpW9rI">Tajik</a></td><td>1994 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_TATAR.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tatar_language/PfbDcPds">Tatar</a></td><td>2005 table of correspondences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_THAI.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Thai_language/PnaLdG77">Thai</a></td><td>2002 agreement</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_TIGRINYA.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tigrinya_language/KjCdk0vI">Tigrinya</a></td><td>2007 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_TURKMEN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Turkmen_language/83a4zv7w">Turkmen</a></td><td>2000 table of correspondences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_UDMURT.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Udmurt_language/IUPQrbHj">Udmurt</a></td><td>2011 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_UKRAINIAN.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ukrainian_language/2zDw7rpD">Ukrainian</a></td><td>2019 agreement</td><td><i>Main article: <a href="/facts/Romanization_of_Ukrainian/GYvveb1q">Romanization of Ukrainian</a></i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_URDU.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Urdu_language/oLrhuXc6">Urdu</a></td><td>2007 system</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_UYGHUR.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Uyghur_language/RdlQY3hQ">Uyghur</a></td><td>2023 agreement</td><td>Uyghur is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the <a href="/facts/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet/MtN5W634">Uyghur Latin alphabet</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/TABLE_OF_CORRESPONDENCES_FOR_UZBEK.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Uzbek_language/ovLJMy4J">Uzbek</a></td><td>2000 table of correspondences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_YAKUT.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Yakut_language/eF8fPHyI">Yakut</a></td><td>2012 system</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the systems above, BGN/PCGN adopted Roman Script Spelling Conventions for languages that use the Roman alphabet but use letters not present in the English alphabet. These conventions exist for the following four languages: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMAN-SCRIPT_SPELLING_CONVENTIONS.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a> of <a href="/facts/Faroese_language/1nf145FG">Faroese</a> (1968 agreement)</li> <li><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMAN-SCRIPT_SPELLING_CONVENTIONS.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a> of <a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">German</a> (2000 agreement)</li> <li><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMAN-SCRIPT_SPELLING_CONVENTIONS.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a> of <a href="/facts/Icelandic_language/4GmzhaoT">Icelandic</a> (1968 agreement)</li> <li><a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMAN-SCRIPT_SPELLING_CONVENTIONS.pdf">BGN/PCGN romanization</a> of <a href="/facts/Northern_Sami/HS7hs6vJ">Northern Sami</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> (1984 agreement)</li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Romanization Systems and Policies". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024. <a href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSHome/reference.html#bgnroman" target="_blank">https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSHome/reference.html#bgnroman</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>US Board on Geographic Names (1994). Romanization Systems and Roman-Script Spelling Conventions (PDF). Defense Mapping Agency. OCLC 31881487. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013. <a href="/wiki/US_Board_on_Geographic_Names" target="_blank">/wiki/US_Board_on_Geographic_Names</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Romanization systems - GOV.UK Guidance on the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) romanization systems. <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/romanization-systems" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/romanization-systems</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Romanization system for Bulgarian: BGN/PCGN 2013 System. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, September 2014. <a href="http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/Romanization/Romanization_Bulgarian.pdf" target="_blank">http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/Romanization/Romanization_Bulgarian.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>ROMANIZATION OF UYGHUR (Uighur): BGN/PCGN 2023 Romanization Agreement National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, October 2024. <a href="http://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_UYGHUR.pdf" target="_blank">http://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_UYGHUR.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>The original publication refers to the language as Northern Lappish. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>