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Syntax (typeface)
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<h2 id="syntax">Syntax</h2> <p>Syntax is a <a href="/facts/Humanist_sans-serif/25okAUVu">humanist sans-serif</a> <a href="/facts/Typeface/It41hIjl">typeface</a> designed by Meier in 1968, and released in 1969 by the D. Stempel Schriftgießerei (<a href="/facts/Type_foundry/fKARohId">type foundry</a>) of Frankfurt am Main.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> It is believed to be the final face designed and released by D. Stempel for foundry casting. </p><p>The original drawings were done in 1954; first by writing the letters with a brush, then redrawing their essential linear forms, and finally adding balanced amounts of weight to the skeletons to produce optically monoline letterforms. In the period 1968–1972, Meier worked on additional weights and variations to the Syntax typeface. In 1989, the original foundry metal design was digitized by Adobe, which also expanded the family to include bold and ultrabold weights, resulting in a font family of 4 romans and 1 italic (in lightest weight) fonts. </p><p>Meier described Syntax as being a sans-serif face modeled on the Renaissance serif typeface, similar to <a href="/facts/Sabon/rQnXh1hx">Sabon</a> or <a href="/facts/Bembo/xo8BvxKb">Bembo</a>. The uppercase has a wide proportion, and the terminals not being parallel to the baseline provide a sense of animation. The lowercase a and g follow the old style model of having two storeys. The italics are a combination of humanist italic forms, seen in the lowercase italic q, and the obliques of industrial or grotesque sans-serifs, seen in the lowercase italic a, which retains two storeys, unlike in other humanist sans-serif typefaces like <a href="/facts/FF_Scala_Sans/drcspb4v">FF Scala Sans</a> and <a href="/facts/Gill_Sans/PQxMS8Jr">Gill Sans</a>, where the a has a single storey italic. </p><p>On its release <a href="/facts/Jan_Tschichold/q0r1yyFP">Jan Tschichold</a> praised Syntax as "very easy to read, well designed: better than the related <a href="/facts/Gill_Sans/PQxMS8Jr">Gill Sans</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h3>Different brand names and derivative fonts</h3> <p>Bitstream released Syntax under the name <i>Humanist 531</i>. The family does not include an italic font. </p><p><a href="http://www.infinitype.com">Infinitype</a> released Syntax under the name <i>Saxony</i>, including an italic and medium font. </p><p>The Cyrillic version was developed at <a href="http://www.paratype.com">ParaType</a> in 1999 by Isay Slutsker<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and Manvel Shmavonyan. </p> <h3>Oberon version</h3> <p>The Syntax font family was chosen by <a href="/facts/Niklaus_Wirth/krsLUB11">Niklaus Wirth</a> for the <a href="/facts/Oberon_operating_system/l7NXq9Ee">Oberon operating system</a>. During part of the period that Oberon was under development, Meier worked in Wirth's group at <a href="/facts/ETH/IxHAFGUU">ETH</a>, developing hand-optimized bitmap versions of the Syntax fonts (this was in the days prior to font anti-aliasing). </p> <h2 id="linotype-syntax">Linotype Syntax</h2> <p>In 1995, Hans Eduard Meier and Linotype began to produce an extensive revision and expansion of the Syntax font family.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Based on original font design, the alterations made to accommodate <a href="/facts/Hot_metal_typesetting/1VA72CVR">hot metal</a> and <a href="/facts/Phototypesetting/JLzY5EGe">phototypesetting</a> machines were discarded. The family was expanded to 6 weights with italics on all weights. All fonts include old style figures and proportional lining figures, while 3 lightest weights also include <a href="/facts/Small_caps/SVH5prpT">small caps</a> glyphs. Regular and bold weight fonts also include <a href="/facts/Cyrillic_script/0btN3oWC">Cyrillic</a> characters. Characters such as @, C, R, fi, fl, were redesigned. </p><p>The font family was released in 2000. </p> <h2 id="linotype-syntax-lapidar">Linotype Syntax Lapidar</h2> <p>It is a variant of Linotype Syntax, but modelled after chiseled letter forms of the ancient Greeks. Linotype Syntax Lapidar is available in two different design forms: Linotype Syntax Lapidar Text and Linotype Syntax Lapidar Display. </p><p>Linotype Syntax Lapidar Text supports old style figures, while Linotype Syntax Lapidar Display supports titling capitals. Both families come in 5 weights of roman fonts, covering Basic Latin to <a href="/facts/ISO_Latin-1/xPNVSEE6">ISO Latin-1</a> character sets, available in <a href="/facts/TrueType/6kBap0kH">TrueType</a> or <a href="/facts/PostScript_fonts/rfd5B17Y">PostScript Type 1</a> formats. </p> <h2 id="linotype-syntax-lapidar-serif">Linotype Syntax Lapidar Serif</h2> <p>It is a variant of Linotype Syntax containing serifs. Like the sans-serif version, it comes with Text and Display designs with same amount of fonts per family, and covers same character sets. However, Linotype Syntax Lapidar Serif Display does not support titling capitals. </p> <h2 id="linotype-syntax-letter">Linotype Syntax Letter</h2> <p>It is a variant of Linotype Syntax modelled after the style of the Roman Rustic capitals. This family come in 6 weights with complementary italic fonts on all weights, covering ISO Adobe 2, Adobe CE, Latin Extended character sets. <a href="/facts/OpenType/u0BfkC5I">OpenType</a> features include old style figures. </p> <h2 id="linotype-syntax-serif">Linotype Syntax Serif</h2> <p>It is a variant of Linotype Syntax with serifs. This family come in 6 weights with complementary italic fonts on all weights, covering ISO Adobe 2, Adobe CE, Latin Extended character sets. OpenType features include old style figures, with small caps and proportional lining figures on 3 lightest weights. </p> <h2 id="badiya">Badiya</h2> <p>It is an Arabic variant designed by <a href="/facts/Nadine_Chahine/veF218lo">Nadine Chahine</a>, based on the original Syntax. Badiya, which means "desert" in Arabic, is a modern and slightly modulated <a href="/facts/Naskh_(script)/LVBWMqbg">Naskh</a>. The design has open counters that enable it to be used in quite small sizes, optimized for print in magazines and corporate communication. </p><p>2 roman fonts, in regular and bold weights, were produced. It supports ISO Adobe 2, Latin Extended, Arabic, Persian, and Urdu characters, tabular numerals for the supported languages. </p> <h2 id="awards">Awards</h2> <p>Linotype Syntax won TDC2 2000 (<a href="/facts/Type_Directors_Club/PxmHb3aG">Type Directors Club</a> Type Design Competition 2000) award under the Text/display type systems category.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>Bitstream Humanist 531 Cyrillic won awards at Kyrillitsa'99 under text category,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> and "bukva:raz!" type design contests.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="usages">Usages</h2> <p>Linotype Syntax is used in <a href="/facts/O%25C3%2596_Nachrichten/L3ajIVBl">OÖ Nachrichten</a>, <a href="/facts/Deccan_Herald/cjzzAbUn">Deccan Herald</a> newspapers, Lonely Planet Guidebooks;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> impuls 2000 magazine<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> and was used in <a href="/facts/Sinclair_Research/yrpr4FGp">Sinclair</a> computer box art, manuals and brochures. </p> <ul><li>Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. <i>Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History.</i> Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-57912-023-7.</li> <li>Macmillan, Neil. <i>An A–Z of Type Designers.</i> Yale University Press: 2006. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-300-11151-7.</li> <li>Meggs, Philip B. and Rob Carter. <i>Typographic Specimens: The Great Typefaces.</i> Wiley: 1993. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-471-28429-7</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Syntax (typeface). <ul><li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/1470/thenewlinotypesyntax.html">The New Linotype Syntax - December 1999</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/1518/syntax-family.html">Syntax Font Family - by Hans Eduard Meier</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/1135/linotypesyntaxlapidar.html">Type Gallery - Linotype Syntax Lapidar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919160527/http://www.linotype.com/en/5391/linotypesyntaxserifanewclassicasbonusfont.html">Linotype Syntax Serif – A 'New Classic' as bonus font</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/1811/linotypesyntaxletter.html">Linotype Syntax Letter</a>[<i>dead link</i>]</li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/56343/linotypesyntaxlapidarseriftext-family.html">Linotype Syntax Lapidar Serif Text Font Family - by Hans Eduard Meier</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/56320/linotypesyntaxlapidarserifdisplay-family.html">Linotype Syntax Lapidar Serif Display Font Family - by Hans Eduard Meier</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/5563/newarabictypefacesformultilingualcommunicationtoday.html">New Arabic Typefaces for Multilingual Communication Today</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/search?search%5Btext%5D=humanist+531">Humanist 531</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.paratype.com/pstore/fonts/Humanist-531.htm">ParaType: Humanist 531</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linotype.com/en/341148/badiya-family.html">Badiya Font Family - by Nadine Chahine</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.typotheque.com/articles/hans_eduard_meier_a_life_dedicated_to_letter_design">Essay on the work of Hans Eduard Meier </a></li> <li><a href="https://fontbundles.net/">Font Bundles</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Typeface story: Syntax". Linotype. Retrieved 10 July 2017. <a href="https://www.fonts.com/font/linotype/syntax/story" target="_blank">https://www.fonts.com/font/linotype/syntax/story</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Schulz-Anker, Erich (1970). "Syntax-Antiqua, a Sans Serif on a New Basis". Gebrauchsgraphik. pp. 57–64. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2017-08-12. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181219001232/https://magazines.iaddb.org/issue/GG/1970-08-01/edition/null/page/55" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20181219001232/https://magazines.iaddb.org/issue/GG/1970-08-01/edition/null/page/55</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Peters, Yyves. "Hans Eduard Meier Passes Away At Age 91". FontFeed. Retrieved 14 February 2016. <a href="http://fontfeed.com/archives/hans-eduard-meier-passes-away-at-age-91/" target="_blank">http://fontfeed.com/archives/hans-eduard-meier-passes-away-at-age-91/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Hollis, Richard (2006). Swiss graphic design: the origins and growth of an international style, 1920–1965. London: Laurence King. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-85669-487-2. <a href="978-1-85669-487-2" target="_blank">978-1-85669-487-2</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"tdc: Isay Solomonovich Slutsker". Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517134252/http://www.tdc.org/news/slutsker.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080517134252/http://www.tdc.org/news/slutsker.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Linotype Syntax". issuu. Linotype GmbH. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2018. <a href="https://issuu.com/linotype/docs/syntax" target="_blank">https://issuu.com/linotype/docs/syntax</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"TDC News:TDC2 2000". Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120728064508/http://tdc.org/news/tdc2000.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120728064508/http://tdc.org/news/tdc2000.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"U&lc Online Issue: 25.4.1: The Winners". Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2008-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213181608/http://www.itcfonts.com/Ulc/2541/_sidebar1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120213181608/http://www.itcfonts.com/Ulc/2541/_sidebar1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"bukva:raz! results". Archived from the original on September 18, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918043557/http://www.tdc.org/news/2001bukvaresults.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080918043557/http://www.tdc.org/news/2001bukvaresults.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Paratype.com — excellent fonts for your project". www.paratype.com. <a href="http://www.paratype.com/pstore/fonts/Humanist-531.htm" target="_blank">http://www.paratype.com/pstore/fonts/Humanist-531.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Linotype Fonts in Use - Newspapers". www.linotype.com. <a href="https://www.linotype.com/1506/newspapers.html" target="_blank">https://www.linotype.com/1506/newspapers.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Linotype Fonts in Use - Magazines". www.linotype.com. <a href="https://www.linotype.com/1499/magazines.html" target="_blank">https://www.linotype.com/1499/magazines.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"(x) Lonely Planet logo and cover type - Churchward 70, Syntax {Yves} | Typophile". Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616093237/http://www.typophile.com/node/17601" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110616093237/http://www.typophile.com/node/17601</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>