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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/Reboot_(computing)/BfdNXeNu">soft reboot</a> function via keyboard was originally designed by <a href="/facts/David_Bradley_(engineer)/fGGqMMp9">David Bradley</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Bradley, as the chief engineer of the <a href="/facts/IBM_Personal_Computer/yhcJGMPL">IBM PC</a> project and developer of the machine's <a href="/facts/ROM-BIOS/AYYPUogS">ROM-BIOS</a>, had originally used <a href="/facts/Control_key/31XW606Y">Ctrl</a>+<a href="/facts/Alt_key/cbVoaFnL">Alt</a>+<a href="/facts/Escape_key/ojBFIcWE">Esc</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> but found it was too easy to bump the left side of the keyboard and reboot the computer accidentally. According to his own account, Mel Hallerman, who was the chief programmer of the project, therefore suggested switching the key combination to <a href="/facts/Control_key/31XW606Y">Ctrl</a>+<a href="/facts/Alt_key/cbVoaFnL">Alt</a>+<a href="/facts/Delete_key/4UzvEgvN">Del</a> as a safety measure, a combination impossible to press with just one hand on the original <a href="/facts/IBM_PC_keyboard/CrLJWRIg">IBM PC keyboard</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The feature was originally conceived only as a development feature for internal use and not intended to be used by end users, as it triggered the reboot without warning or further confirmation—it was meant to be used by people writing programs or documentation so that they could reboot their computers without powering them down. <a href="/facts/Bill_Gates/z16t4m7s">Bill Gates</a> (former <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> <a href="/facts/CEO/mg4A8y5M">CEO</a>) remembered it as "just something we were using in development and it wouldn't be available elsewhere".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The feature, however, was detailed in IBM's technical reference documentation<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> to the original PC and thereby revealed to the general public.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>Bradley viewed this work as just one small task out of many: "It was five minutes, 10 minutes of activity, and then I moved on to the next of the 100 things that needed to get done."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> In a March 2018 email, one of Bradley's co-workers confirmed the command was invented in 1981 in <a href="/facts/Boca_Raton%2c_Florida/9gcNen3S">Boca Raton</a>, Florida.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>Bradley is also known for his good-natured jab at Gates at the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the IBM PC on August 8, 2001 at <a href="/facts/The_Tech_Museum/qEmVH6LG">The Tech Museum</a>: <i>"I have to share the credit. I may have invented it, but I think Bill made it famous."</i>; he quickly added it was a reference to <a href="/facts/Windows_NT/EtccWvxQ">Windows NT</a> logon procedures ("Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete to log on").<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>During a question and answer presentation on 21 September 2013, Gates said "it was a mistake", referring to the decision to use Ctrl+Alt+Del as the keyboard combination to log into Windows. Gates stated he would have preferred a single button to trigger the same actions, but could not get IBM to add the extra button into the keyboard layout.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bios">BIOS</h2> <p>By default, when the operating system is running in <a href="/facts/Real_mode/wfU8vfjn">real mode</a> (or in a pre-boot environment, when no <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating system</a> is started yet), this keystroke combination is intercepted by the <a href="/facts/BIOS/AYYPUogS">BIOS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> The BIOS reacts by performing a <a href="/facts/Reboot_(computing)/BfdNXeNu">soft reboot</a> (also known as a warm reboot).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> Examples of such operating systems include <a href="/facts/DOS/sWwDXNmX">DOS</a>, <a href="/facts/Windows_3.0/AmCtP94m">Windows 3.0</a> in Standard Mode as well as earlier versions of Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="windows">Windows</h2> <h3>DOS-based Windows</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/Windows_9x/f1zwlghw">Windows 9x</a> and Windows 3.0 running in 386 Enhanced mode,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> the keystroke combination is recognized by the Windows keyboard <a href="/facts/Device_driver/rDYnHU1G">device driver</a>. According to the value of the LocalReboot option in the [386Enh] section of <a href="/facts/System.ini/1ydsc5P2">system.ini</a>, Windows performs one of several actions in response. If LocalReboot=On (default): </p> <ul><li>Windows 3.1x displays a blue screen that allows the user to press <a href="/facts/Enter_key/bglB8wv0">Enter</a> to end a task that has stopped responding to the system (if such a task exists) or press Control+Alt+Delete again to perform a <a href="/facts/Reboot_(computing)/BfdNXeNu">soft reboot</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> The text of this rudimentary task manager was written by <a href="/facts/Steve_Ballmer/8Yrdmxkp">Steve Ballmer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li>Windows 9x temporarily halts the entire system and displays the Close Program <a href="/facts/Dialog_box/VgWHgrE2">dialog box</a>, a window which lists currently running <a href="/facts/Process_(computing)/Vcq7EnUV">processes</a> and allows the user to end them (by force, if necessary). The user can press Control+Alt+Delete again to perform a soft reboot.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li></ul> <p>If LocalReboot=Off, Windows performs a soft reboot.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p> <h3>Windows NT family</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Windows_NT/EtccWvxQ">Windows NT</a> family of operating system, whose members do not have "NT" in their names since <a href="/facts/Windows_2000/amJIt9gz">Windows 2000</a>, reserve Ctrl+Alt+Delete for the operating system itself. <a href="/facts/Winlogon/AACjUHLY">Winlogon</a>, a core component of the operating system,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> responds to the key combination in the following scenarios: </p> Invoking Windows Security <a href="/facts/Login_session/plmwnSNU">When a user is logged onto</a> a Windows computer, pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete invokes Windows Security. It is a graphical user interface that allows user to lock the system,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Fast_user_switching/oQY8eh6k">switch user</a>, <a href="/facts/Log_off/xNRgTVnV">log off</a>, change the <a href="/facts/Password/WEoul230">password</a>, invoke <a href="/facts/Windows_Task_Manager/Fp70IsH6">Windows Task Manager</a>, or end the Windows session by <a href="/facts/Shutdown_(computing)/RcbxS9z9">shutting down</a>, <a href="/facts/Reboot_(computing)/BfdNXeNu">rebooting</a> or putting the computer into <a href="/facts/Sleep_(computing)/lj6HSbyU">sleep</a> or <a href="/facts/Hibernation_(computing)/2DcAkGp5">hibernation</a>; clicking "Cancel" or pressing the <a href="/facts/Escape_key/ojBFIcWE">Escape key</a> returns the user to where they were. The key combination always invokes Windows Security in all versions and editions of Windows NT family except <a href="/facts/Windows_XP/IozrkAYS">Windows XP</a>. (See below.) Prior to <a href="/facts/Windows_Vista/IASEUCTB">Windows Vista</a>, Windows Security was a <a href="/facts/Dialog_box/VgWHgrE2">dialog box</a>, did not allow user switching and showed the logon date and time, name of <a href="/facts/User_account/zQRzG0KG">user account</a> into which the user has logged on and the computer name. Starting with Windows Vista, Windows Security became full-screen. Secure attention <a href="/facts/Login_spoofing/d6jJEuKq">Login spoofing</a> is a <a href="/facts/Social_engineering_(security)/7obTw773">social engineering</a> trick in which a <a href="/facts/Malware/5ee7TLFR">malicious computer program</a> with the appearance of a Windows login dialog box prompts for user's account name and password to steal them. To thwart this attack, Windows NT implements an optional security measure in which Ctrl+Alt+Delete acts as a <a href="/facts/Secure_attention_key/y0YUgpe0">secure attention key</a> combination. Once the protection is activated, Windows requires the user to press Ctrl+Alt+Delete each time before logging on or unlocking the computer. Since the key combination is intercepted by Windows itself and malicious software cannot mimic this behavior,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> the trick is thwarted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> Unless the Windows computer is part of a <a href="/facts/Windows_domain/tAzIX31E">Windows domain</a> network, the secure attention protection is disabled by default and must be enabled by the user.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> Windows XP behavior Windows XP introduces <a href="/facts/Features_new_to_Windows_XP/Atkp3NNR">Welcome Screen</a>, a redesigned logon interface. The Welcome Screen of Windows XP, however, does not support the secure attention scenario.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> It may be disabled in favor of the classic plain logon screen, either explicitly by the user or as a consequence of the Windows XP computer becoming part of a Windows domain network.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> With that in mind, Windows XP uses the Ctrl+Alt+Delete in the following unique scenarios: <ol><li>At a logon prompt, the key combination dismisses Welcome Screen and invokes classic logon user interface.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li>When a user is logged on to a Windows XP computer and Welcome Screen is enabled, pressing the key combination invokes Windows Task Manager instead of Windows Security.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li></ol> Windows Vista and the next versions of Windows NT did not inherit any of the above. <h2 id="os2">OS/2</h2> <p>In <a href="/facts/OS%2f2/uVBl6ItP">OS/2</a>, this keystroke combination is recognized by the OS/2 keyboard device driver, which notifies the session manager process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> The normal session manager process in OS/2 versions 2.0 and later is the parent Workplace Shell process, which displays the "system is rebooting" window and triggers a soft reboot.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> If it is pressed twice in succession OS/2 triggers an immediate soft reboot, without waiting for the session manager process. </p><p>In both cases, the system flushes the <a href="/facts/Page_cache/rcKoMtMD">page cache</a>, cleanly <a href="/facts/Mount_(computing)/INDgdDX9">unmounts</a> all disc volumes, but does not cleanly shut down any running programs (and thus does not save any unsaved documents, or the current arrangements of the objects on the Workplace Shell desktop or in any of its open folders).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="mac">Mac</h2> <p>Ctrl+Alt+Delete is not a keyboard shortcut on <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a>. Instead, ⌘ Command+⌥ Option+Esc brings up the Force Quit panel. Control+⌘ Command+Power restarts the computer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> </p><p>The original <a href="/facts/MacOS_Server/KQxtGUEA">Mac OS X Server</a> had an <a href="/facts/Easter_egg_(media)/PCgPa56G">Easter egg</a> in which pressing Control+⌥ Option+Delete (as the <a href="/facts/Option_key/KxRcUg1W">Option key</a> is the equivalent of Alt key on a Mac keyboard) would show an alert saying "This is not DOS!".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="linux">Linux</h2> <p>On some <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>-based operating systems including <a href="/facts/Ubuntu_(operating_system)/0WDd7hkb">Ubuntu</a> and <a href="/facts/Debian/cBd93qfJ">Debian</a>, Control+Alt+Delete is a shortcut for logging out.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p><p>On <a href="/facts/Ubuntu_Server/0WDd7hkb">Ubuntu Server</a>, it is used to reboot a computer without logging in.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="equivalents-on-various-platforms">Equivalents on various platforms</h2> Desktop operating systems<table><tbody><tr><th>Platform</th><th>Key combination</th><th>Function</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Amiga/60B3A9of">Amiga</a></td><td>Ctrl+Left Amiga+Right Amiga</td><td>Perform a hardware reboot by sending a reset signal to system via keyboard <a href="/facts/Microcontroller/MKrnAhnm">MCU</a> (+ possible extra keycode + max 10s delay if "reset warning" is supported and in use).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BIOS/AYYPUogS">BIOS</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform a <a href="/facts/Reboot_(computing)/BfdNXeNu">soft reboot</a> without memory initialization by jumping to <a href="/facts/Initial_Program_Loader/j6N1kRpc">IPL</a> <a href="/facts/Reset_vector/rfAcxhw9">reset vector</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> after broadcasting a pending shutdown event (on <a href="/facts/IBM_PC%2fAT/YEVHpWKF">AT</a> compatible machines).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/DOS/sWwDXNmX">DOS</a> + <a href="/facts/KEYB_(command)/d72UqhJ3">KEYB</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform a soft reboot without memory initialization by jumping to IPL reset vector, after broadcasting a pending shutdown event (on AT compatible machines)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> and flushing disk caches (since DOS 6, or with FreeKEYB<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> loaded). Some 386 memory managers (e.g. <a href="/facts/Quickboot_(QEMM)/WBJaTd3E">QEMM</a>) can intercept and turn this into a <a href="/facts/Quick_reboot/BfdNXeNu">quick reboot</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> If more than one task is running under multitaskers like <a href="/facts/DR-DOS/GcCTKutW">DR-DOS</a> EMM386 /MULTI + TASKMGR, this will only kill the currently running foreground task.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/DOS/sWwDXNmX">DOS</a> + K3PLUS or FreeKEYB</td><td>⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform a soft reboot with memory initialization (aka "cold reboot") by jumping to IPL reset vector, after broadcasting a pending shutdown event (on AT compatible machines) and flushing disk caches.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>LShift+RShift+Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform a <a href="/facts/Hard_reboot/BfdNXeNu">hard reboot</a> by triggering the chipset's reset logic, after broadcasting a pending shutdown event and flushing disk caches.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Windows_3.x/W4cL4u5h">Windows 3.x</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Close unresponsive applications. Performs a soft reboot if pressed twice.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Windows_9x/f1zwlghw">Windows 9x</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Bring up "Close Program" dialog box (a simplistic <a href="/facts/Task_manager/SVvCx9Yy">task manager</a>). Performs a soft reboot if pressed twice.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Windows_NT/EtccWvxQ">Windows NT</a> family</td><td>Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc</td><td>Bring up the <a href="/facts/Windows_Task_Manager/Fp70IsH6">Windows Task Manager</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><p>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</p></td><td><ul><li>Before logon: Brings up the login screen (<a href="/facts/Secure_attention_key/y0YUgpe0">secure attention sequence</a>)</li><li>After logon: Brings up Windows Security; in Windows XP, brings up <a href="/facts/Windows_Task_Manager/Fp70IsH6">Windows Task Manager</a> if the welcome screen is enabled, otherwise brings up Windows Security<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Ctrl+Alt+End</td><td>Used in Terminal Services to send the command to the remote session / application:<ul><li>Before logon (when not using <a href="/facts/Network_Level_Authentication/KgPT2Xxr">Network Level Authentication</a>): Brings up the login screen (<a href="/facts/Secure_attention_key/y0YUgpe0">secure attention sequence</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li><li>After logon: Brings up Windows Security</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Ctrl, ScrollLock (twice)</td><td>Causes a user-initiated crash (disabled by default; must be enabled with registry editing)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a><p>An equivalent function is Ctrl+NumLock (with Ctrl held down and pressing NumLock twice)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/OS%2f2/uVBl6ItP">OS/2</a></td><td>Ctrl+Esc</td><td>Bring up the Window List (unblocking the synchronous input queue)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform a soft reboot</td></tr><tr><td>Ctrl+Alt, NumLock (twice)</td><td>Halt the system and begin a system dump to floppy disk</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Atari_TOS/aozaP5bf">TOS</a> (1.4 and higher), <a href="/facts/MiNT/jKTBfnA0">MiNT</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform soft reboot without memory initialization (warm boot)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>RShift+Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Perform soft reboot with memory initialization (cold boot)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Signal the <i>init</i> process (usually configured to soft reboot)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Alt+<a href="/facts/SysRq/urQQ2Gve">SysRq</a>+<a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">function key</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Magic_SysRq_key/lbRlhBA1">Magic SysRq key</a>: Depending on the function key, performs a certain low-level function. Examples: sync (flush caches), reboot (forced soft reboot), unmount (remount filesystems readonly), etc.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"><a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a></td><td>⌥ Option+⌘ Command+Esc</td><td>Force quit applications<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⌘ Cmd+⌃ Control+⏏ Media Eject</td><td>Quit all applications and restart<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+⌃ Control+⏏ Media Eject</td><td>Quit all applications and shut down<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Control+⏏ Media Eject</td><td>Show <a href="/facts/Reboot_(computing)/BfdNXeNu">restart</a>, <a href="/facts/Sleep_mode/lj6HSbyU">sleep</a> or <a href="/facts/Shutdown_(computing)/RcbxS9z9">shutdown</a> dialog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Control+⌘ Command+Power</td><td>Immediately restarts computer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BeOS/tGYfe835">BeOS</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift and click an application's entry in the Deskbar</td><td>Kills application<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Xfce/dsDLWxx1">Xfce</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Esc + click on window</td><td>Kills application (invokes xkill)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Ctrl+Alt+Delete</td><td>Lock the screen and invoke the screensaver</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/X_Window_System/ac2vRIQL">X Window System</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+← Backspace</td><td>Immediately kills the X server (the key combination can be disabled). When using an <a href="/facts/X_display_manager/BpMtjNMQ">X Display Manager</a>, it will usually start the X server again.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BBC_Micro/YJxxPlIl">BBC Micro</a> running <a href="/facts/Acorn_MOS/l2tee2RP">Acorn MOS</a></td><td><ol><li>Break</li><li>Control+Break</li><li>⇧ Shift+Break</li></ol></td><td><ol><li>Soft boot</li><li>Hard boot</li><li>Soft boot and look for any bootable media on the active filesystem</li></ol></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Amstrad_PCW/eUHIck5p">Amstrad PCW</a> on <a href="/facts/CP%2fM/n5rTgXdC">CP/M</a></td><td>⇧ Shift+Extra+Exit</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> Other platforms<table><tbody><tr><th>Platform</th><th>Key combination</th><th>Function</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/TI-30/tQ7gSF7S">TI-30</a>XIIS</td><td>On+Clear</td><td>Restarts the calculator and clears <a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">RAM</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/TI-80/bL4yWC0n">TI-80</a>, <a href="/facts/TI-81/RvcEYrE6">TI-81</a>, <a href="/facts/TI-82/pqcQIR1w">TI-82</a>, <a href="/facts/TI-83/T01EAkQB">TI-83</a>, <a href="/facts/TI-84/kz7xMs1h">TI-84</a></td><td>Mode, Alpha, S</td><td>Shows ROM version number. [Enter] enters self test mode</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/TI-85/YgN2thSA">TI-85</a>, <a href="/facts/TI-86/uwgqSXkm">TI-86</a></td><td>2nd, Mode, Alpha, S</td><td>Shows ROM version number. [Enter] enters self test mode</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/TI-89/2eayuv8K">TI-89</a></td><td>2nd+←+→+On</td><td>Restarts the calculator and clears <a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">RAM</a></td></tr><tr><td>Esc+On</td><td>Force break without restarting <a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">RAM</a></td></tr><tr><td>F5, ◆+Clear, Alpha+S</td><td>Enter self test mode</td></tr><tr><td>Natural display <a href="/facts/Casio/yFj9XMgC">Casio</a> calculators</td><td>⇧ Shift+7+On</td><td>Restarts the calculator and clears <a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">RAM</a> and <a href="/facts/EEPROM/0yAMFY0I">EEPROM</a>. Continue pressing Shift to advance through self-test mode.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/TI-99%2f4A/9YWyzBhp">TI-99/4A</a></td><td>FCTN+=</td><td>Resets machine back to startup screen.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Voyage_200/EmEJw9k0">Voyage 200</a></td><td>2nd+Hand+On</td><td>Restarts the calculator and clears <a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">RAM</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/HP-48/FonQov9J">HP-48</a></td><td>On+C</td><td>Restarts RPL, clearing the Stack and PICT, closing IO, and returning to the HOME directory (but not purging the memory)</td></tr><tr><td>On+A+F</td><td>As above, but also purges the memory</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Scientific_Atlanta/IBARBkP0">Scientific Atlanta</a> Explorer DHCT <a href="/facts/Samsung/oNXUwDjn">Samsung</a> cable boxes</td><td>Volume Down+Volume Up+Info <i>(on settop box; not remote)</i></td><td>Reboots box</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Foxtel/s8EoxcfQ">Foxtel</a> Set-top-boxes</td><td>Back+Select (on box; except UEC 720)</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Power_cycles/SvRYnEce">Power cycles</a> the machine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Standby+Foxtel (on box; UEC 720)</td></tr><tr><td>Back+Select+Reset (on box; iQ2)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Commodore_64/3TPcKDbb">C64</a></td><td>Run/Stop+Restore</td><td>Warm starts the machine, does not work if CPU has crashed or <a href="/facts/Non-maskable_interrupt/f7CWJU1B">NMI</a> is blocked in hardware or rerouted.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Amazon_Fire_TV/HDhtDsYY">Amazon Fire TV</a></td><td>Select+Play/Pause (on remote)</td><td>Reboots the device</td></tr></tbody></table> Virtual machine platforms<table><tbody><tr><th>Platform</th><th>Key combination</th><th>Function</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/VMware/lKHGULx3">VMware</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+Insert</td><td>Send the command to the virtual machine.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Virtual_PC/wKdazyS3">Microsoft Virtual PC</a></td><td>RAlt+Delete</td><td>Send the command to the virtual machine.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Windows_Virtual_PC/wKdazyS3">Windows Virtual PC</a> for <a href="/facts/Windows_7/tldLdbnX">Windows 7</a></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+End</td><td>Send the command to the virtual machine.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox/8wordR1n">Oracle VM VirtualBox</a></td><td>Host+Delete</td><td>Send the command to the virtual machine.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="cultural-adoption">Cultural adoption</h2> <p>As computers became ubiquitous, so too, has the <a href="/facts/Jargon/eI6scBdF">jargon</a>. Control-Alt-Delete can also mean "dump," or "do away with".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a> </p><p>The keystrokes are well known and infamous for escaping from problems in pop culture. For example, in the <a href="/facts/Billy_Talent/d8WSJloD">Billy Talent</a> song "<a href="/facts/Perfect_World_(Billy_Talent_song)/p9dYP33L">Perfect World</a>", part of the lyrics include the sequence and associate it with resetting their memory and escaping from a situation: "Control-Alt-Deleted. Reset my memory."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Table_of_keyboard_shortcuts/bIawltuI">Table of keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Linux manual pages for kill(2) and reboot(2).</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mpo6rgvOVGc">David Bradley explaining how he invented Ctrl-Alt-Delete</a>, at GreatBigStory. Archived at <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/Mpo6rgvOVGc">ghostarchive.org</a> on 2022 May 24.</li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="25"><a href="/facts/IBM_PC_keyboard/CrLJWRIg">IBM PC keyboard</a> (<a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/American_National_Standards_Institute/p3d1TQCb">ANSI</a> US layout)<ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Esc_key/ojBFIcWE">Esc</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F4</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F6</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F7</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F8</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F9</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F10</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F11</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Function_key/30YcfK7U">F12</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Print_Screen/2NFbD56t">PrtScn</a>/<a href="/facts/System_request/urQQ2Gve">SysRq</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Scroll_Lock/3g3kyD9m">ScrollLock</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Break_key/PwqUHSsm">Pause</a>/<a href="/facts/Break_key/PwqUHSsm">Break</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="16"></td><td></td><td colspan="3"></td><td></td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="16" rowspan="5"></td><td rowspan="5"></td><td><a href="/facts/Insert_key/ekEayhyG">Insert</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Home_key/9DerMuxf">Home</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Page_Up_and_Page_Down_keys/h45Ly1JI">PgUp</a></td><td rowspan="5"></td><td><a href="/facts/Num_lock/xISJyA7h">NumLock</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Slash_(punctuation)/fuaRyKzc">∕</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Asterisk/qwmtPW5V">∗</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Minus_sign/6RJD4Xt9">−</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delete_key/4UzvEgvN">Delete</a></td><td><a href="/facts/End_key/4TadlDDJ">End</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Page_Up_and_Page_Down_keys/h45Ly1JI">PgDn</a></td><td><a href="/facts/7/4GV2hz09">7</a></td><td><a href="/facts/8/bH7jHJDg">8</a></td><td><a href="/facts/9/d6SoCnze">9</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Plus_sign/6RJD4Xt9">+</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/4/d6SoCnze">4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/5/d6SoCnze">5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/6/d6SoCnze">6</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Arrow_keys/N3I7nswn">↑</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/1/d6SoCnze">1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/2/d6SoCnze">2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/3/11oMY3Hn">3</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Enter_key/bglB8wv0">Enter</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Arrow_keys/N3I7nswn">←</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Arrow_keys/N3I7nswn">↓</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Arrow_keys/N3I7nswn">→</a></td><td colspan="2"> <a href="/facts/0/4NBRtKHc">0</a> <a href="/facts/Insert_key/ekEayhyG">Ins</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Decimal_separator/t6ocVouk">.</a> <a href="/facts/Delete_key/4UzvEgvN">Del</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Smith, Gina (2007-12-03). "Unsung innovators: David Bradley, inventor of the "three-finger salute"". Computerworld. Archived from the original on 2014-07-15. Retrieved 2009-04-12. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715050917/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9046742/Unsung_innovators_David_Bradley_inventor_of_the_three_finger_salute_" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140715050917/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9046742/Unsung_innovators_David_Bradley_inventor_of_the_three_finger_salute_</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"CTRL-ALT-DEL: The Three Finger Salute". Togaware. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2009-04-12. <a href="http://www.togaware.com/linux/survivor/CTRL_ALT_DEL_Three.html" target="_blank">http://www.togaware.com/linux/survivor/CTRL_ALT_DEL_Three.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>IBM Personal Computer Technical Reference (Revised ed.). IBM Corporation. March 1983. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Corporation" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM_Corporation</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>IBM Personal Computer AT Technical Reference. IBM Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library. Vol. 0, 1, 2 (Revised ed.). IBM Corporation. March 1986 [1984-03]. 1502494, 6139362, 6183310, 6183312, 6183355, 6280070, 6280099. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Corporation" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM_Corporation</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Phoenix Technologies, Ltd. (1989) [1987]. System BIOS for IBM PC/XT/AT Computers and Compatibles — The Complete Guide to ROM-Based System Software. Phoenix Technical Reference Series (1st ed.). Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-201-51806-6. <a href="0-201-51806-6" target="_blank">0-201-51806-6</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Unsung innovators: David Bradley, inventor of the "three-finger salute". Computerworld. 2007-12-03. Archived from the original on 2020-07-28. Retrieved 2018-10-30. <a href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2540049/computer-hardware/unsung-innovator" target="_blank">https://www.computerworld.com/article/2540049/computer-hardware/unsung-innovator</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hughes, Virginia (2013-07-12). "The History of CTRL + ALT + DELETE". mental floss. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2013-07-10. <a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/51674/history-ctrl-alt-delete" target="_blank">http://mentalfloss.com/article/51674/history-ctrl-alt-delete</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Bright, Peter (2013-09-27). "If Bill Gates really thinks ctrl-alt-del was a mistake, he should have fixed it himself". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2013-10-01. <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/if-bill-gates-really-thinks-ctrl-alt-del-was-a-mistake-he-should-have-fixed-it-himself/" target="_blank">https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/if-bill-gates-really-thinks-ctrl-alt-del-was-a-mistake-he-should-have-fixed-it-himself/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Williams, Gregg (January 1982). "A Closer Look at the IBM Personal Computer". BYTE. Vol. 7, no. 1. p. 36. Retrieved 2013-10-19. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-01/1982_01_BYTE_07-01_The_IBM_Personal_Computer#page/n37/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-01/1982_01_BYTE_07-01_The_IBM_Personal_Computer#page/n37/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Needleman, Rafe (2011-08-15). "Happy 30th Birthday to the IBM PC". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2013-01-12. <a href="http://cnettv.cnet.com/9742-1_53-50109594.html" target="_blank">http://cnettv.cnet.com/9742-1_53-50109594.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Aamidor, Abe. "Thank this guy for 'control-alt-delete'". Indianapolis Star. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2010-09-09. <a href="http://www.gannettonline.com/e/trends/18001162.html" target="_blank">http://www.gannettonline.com/e/trends/18001162.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Gross, Doug (2013-09-26). "Bill Gates: Control-Alt-Delete a mistake". CNN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2013-09-26. <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/26/tech/innovation/bill-gates-control-alt-delete/" target="_blank">http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/26/tech/innovation/bill-gates-control-alt-delete/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>IBM Personal Computer Technical Reference (Revised ed.). IBM Corporation. March 1983. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Corporation" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM_Corporation</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Williams, Gregg (January 1982). "A Closer Look at the IBM Personal Computer". BYTE. Vol. 7, no. 1. p. 36. Retrieved 2013-10-19. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-01/1982_01_BYTE_07-01_The_IBM_Personal_Computer#page/n37/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-01/1982_01_BYTE_07-01_The_IBM_Personal_Computer#page/n37/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Hughes, Virginia (2013-07-12). "The History of CTRL + ALT + DELETE". mental floss. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2013-07-10. <a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/51674/history-ctrl-alt-delete" target="_blank">http://mentalfloss.com/article/51674/history-ctrl-alt-delete</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Jarvis, Craig (2018-03-05). "Oops. NC needs to delete ctrl+alt+delete from list of state's inventions". News & Observer. Archived from the original on 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2018-04-03. <a href="http://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/article203595559.html" target="_blank">http://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/article203595559.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Control-Alt-Delete: David Bradley & Bill Gates Archived 2020-07-28 at the Wayback Machine, video clip from IBM PC 20th Anniversary, Aug 8, 2001 (posted to YouTube on Jan 7, 2011) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_lg7w8gAXQ&t=46s" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_lg7w8gAXQ&t=46s</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Needleman, Rafe (2011-08-15). "Happy 30th Birthday to the IBM PC". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. 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