Arc spring

<h2 id="function">Function</h2>
<p>Like other <a href="/facts/Spring_(device)/jknGXzTq">technical springs</a>, arc springs are based on the fundamental principle of storing <a href="/facts/Work_(physics)/mbclFPBs">mechanical work</a> in the form of <a href="/facts/Potential_energy/I03KLbmn">potential energy</a> and the ability to release this energy again. The force is applied through the ends of the spring. A torque 
  
    
      
        M
        =
        F
        ⋅
        r
      
    
    {\displaystyle M=F\cdot r}
  
 can be transmitted around an axis via the force 
  
    
      
        F
      
    
    {\displaystyle F}
  
 directed along this helical axis and the lever arm to the system center point 
  
    
      
        r
      
    
    {\displaystyle r}
  
. The wire of the arc spring is mainly subjected to <a href="/facts/Torsion_(mechanics)/R86drNyb">torsional stress</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="support">Support </h2>

<p>An arc spring requires suitable support to transmit <a href="/facts/Torque/KcrcvNtV">torque</a>. The support is usually provided from the outside in the form of an arcuate channel (sliding shell) or radially shaped support plates. This prevents buckling of the arc spring. Another result of this support is a <a href="/facts/Hysteresis/9M2pwR62">hysteresis</a> between the loading and unloading curves in the characteristic curve. This results from the friction of the spring on the radial support and is an intended effect to achieve <a href="/facts/Damping_torque/gXerVmFM">damping</a> in the system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="arc-spring-systems">Arc spring systems</h2>
<p>As with <a href="/facts/Spring_(device)/jknGXzTq">compression springs</a>, spring systems can also be used for arc springs. The main designs are series and parallel connection. With these, single-stage or multi-stage spring characteristics can be achieved. In order to make optimum use of the available space, systems consisting of inner and outer arc springs are often used.
</p>

<p>In addition, the spring characteristic can be influenced by other parameters such as the cross-sectional geometry of the wire, the coil diameter or the number of coils. <a href="/facts/Computer-aided_design/5gSXrmmN">CAD</a> configurators, which generate a CAD model after entering certain parameters, can contribute to optimal design.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="applications">Applications</h2>

<p>The arc spring is suitable for static and quasi-static as well as dynamic applications. Examples include:
</p>
<ul><li>Dynamic applications:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Dual-mass_flywheel/ygakFMPw">Dual mass flywheel</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Torque_converter/EWq1vwVv">Torque converter</a></li>
<li>Arc spring clutch</li>
<li>Belt tensioners, pulley decouplers</li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li>Static and quasi-static applications:
<ul><li>Center position return in a robot joint</li>
<li>Elastic element in exoskeletons</li>
<li>Reset of tailgates or backrests</li></ul></li></ul>
<h2 id="materials-and-their-standardization">Materials and their standardization </h2>
<p>In principle, the spring steels used for ordinary coil springs can also be used for arc springs. These are:
</p>
<ul><li>DIN EN 10270-1 Patented-drawn unalloyed spring steel wire                       </li>
<li>DIN EN 10270-2 Oil tempered spring steel wire                                           </li>
<li>DIN EN 10270-3 Stainless spring steel wire</li></ul>
<h2 id="important-parameters">Important parameters</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Term</th><th>Definition</th></tr><tr><th>                    d              {\displaystyle d}  </th><td>wire diameter [mm]</td></tr><tr><th>                    D              {\displaystyle D}  </th><td>mean coil diameter [mm]</td></tr><tr><th>                    D              {\displaystyle D}  e</th><td>outer coil diameter [mm]</td></tr><tr><th>                    r              {\displaystyle r}  </th><td>spring active radius [°]</td></tr><tr><th>                    α              {\displaystyle \alpha }  0</th><td>free angle [°]</td></tr><tr><th>                    α              {\displaystyle \alpha }  c</th><td>solid angle [°]; angle of the arc-spring at which the coils have contact</td></tr><tr><th>                    n              {\displaystyle n}  </th><td>active coils</td></tr><tr><th>                    n              {\displaystyle n}  t</th><td>total coils</td></tr><tr><th>                    R              {\displaystyle R}  </th><td>spring rate [Nmm/°]</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Albers, Albert (April 1994). "Fortschritte beim ZMS – Geräuschkomfort für moderne Kraftfahrzeuge". LuK Kolloquium. Nr. 5. <a href="https://www.schaeffler.de/content.schaeffler.de/de/news_medien/mediathek/downloadcenter-detail-page.jsp?id=1577907" target="_blank">https://www.schaeffler.de/content.schaeffler.de/de/news_medien/mediathek/downloadcenter-detail-page.jsp?id=1577907</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Kletzin, Ulf (2015). Metallfedern Grundlagen, Werkstoffe, Berechnung, Gestaltung und Rechnereinsatz. Manfred Meissner, Hans-Jürgen Schorcht (3. Aufl. 2015 ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 120. ISBN 978-3-642-39123-1. OCLC 920444823. <a href="978-3-642-39123-1" target="_blank">978-3-642-39123-1</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Steinhilper, Waldemar; Sauer, Bernd, eds. (2012). Konstruktionselemente des Maschinenbaus 1. Springer-Lehrbuch. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 204. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24301-1. ISBN 978-3-642-24300-4. <a href="978-3-642-24300-4" target="_blank">978-3-642-24300-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Kletzin, Ulf (2015). Metallfedern Grundlagen, Werkstoffe, Berechnung, Gestaltung und Rechnereinsatz. Manfred Meissner, Hans-Jürgen Schorcht (3. Aufl. 2015 ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 10. ISBN 978-3-642-39123-1. OCLC 920444823. <a href="978-3-642-39123-1" target="_blank">978-3-642-39123-1</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"Arc spring - configurator". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved April 7, 2022. <a href="https://brand-group.com/en/arc-spring-configurator/" target="_blank">https://brand-group.com/en/arc-spring-configurator/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Arc spring open-in-new

Arc spring