Ruby Sales

<h2 id="early-life">Early life</h2>
Sales attended local segregated schools including <a href="/facts/George_Washington_Carver_High_School_(Columbus%2c_Georgia)/PFx2Y1BE">Carver High School</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> and was also educated in the community during the 1960s era of the <a href="/facts/Civil_Rights_Movement/llwscvvR">Civil Rights Movement</a>.

<h2 id="civil-rights-activism">Civil rights activism</h2>
After graduating from high school, Sales attended <a href="/facts/Tuskegee_Institute/k0EELXz1">Tuskegee Institute</a> where she became involved in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> At the age of 17, she marched in the <a href="/facts/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches/Nn7eIBTc">Selma to Montgomery marches</a> of 1965.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>

<h2 id="1965-shooting-incident">1965 shooting incident</h2>
In the summer of 1965, Sales left Tuskegee to work full-time as a voter registration organizer as part of the U.S. <a href="/facts/Civil_Rights_Movement/llwscvvR">Civil Rights Movement</a>. <a href="/facts/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee/lle6p0sY">SNCC</a> assigned her to Calhoun County, Alabama. Students in Fort Deposit, a small town in <a href="/facts/Lowndes_County%2c_Alabama/pxtgJphB">Lowndes County</a>, asked SNCC for its support in a demonstration aimed at protesting the local store-owner's treatment of their <a href="/facts/Sharecropping/J0DshurW">sharecropper parents</a> and the organization sent members from various counties to join their cause. Sales acknowledged that she and the others were scared, and that violence and intimidation in <a href="/facts/Lowndes_County%2c_Alabama/pxtgJphB">"Bloody Lowndes"</a> had been well-documented. Sales was one of the 30 people who took part in the demonstration on August 14, 1965.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
Many members of the group were arrested and taken to the county seat of <a href="/facts/Hayneville%2c_Alabama/GABcWBS5">Hayneville</a>. After being jailed for six days, the group was suddenly released. No advance notice was given, so there was no one available to pick the demonstrators up. She and a few others went to a nearby store to get something to drink.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> There she and the group were threatened by a shotgun-wielding state highway department employee, Tom Coleman, who was also a volunteer county deputy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> One of Sales' fellow marchers, <a href="/facts/Jonathan_Daniels/KDbb1GRs">Jonathan Daniels</a>, a White <a href="/facts/Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America/fmF3F2FM">Episcopal</a> seminarian, pushed her out of the way and took the shot meant for her, dying instantly.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> Daniels was a 1961 graduate of the <a href="/facts/Virginia_Military_Institute/R3xWjPSx">Virginia Military Institute</a> (VMI) and <a href="/facts/Valedictorian/0Dh31FMv">valedictorian</a> of his class, and was studying at the <a href="/facts/Episcopal_Divinity_School/HzAJbnRu">Episcopal Theological School</a> in Cambridge, Massachusetts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Sales was so traumatized by Daniels' murder that she nearly lost the ability to speak for the next seven months. Despite death threats made to her and her family, Sales resolved to testify at Tom Coleman's trial. He was acquitted by a jury of 12 white men<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> and said in a CBS television interview a year after the killings that he had no regrets, declaring, "I would shoot them both tomorrow."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>

<h2 id="continued-civil-rights-activism">Continued civil rights activism</h2>
Sales went on to attend <a href="/facts/Episcopal_Divinity_School/HzAJbnRu">Episcopal Divinity School</a> in <a href="/facts/Cambridge%2c_Massachusetts/k9UMIJ7U">Cambridge</a>, Massachusetts, successor institution to the seminary Daniels had attended. She has worked as a <a href="/facts/Human_rights/WMW5XCdM">human rights</a> advocate in <a href="/facts/Washington%2c_D.C./enXPK156">Washington, D.C.</a>, and across the south.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>

<h3>The Spirit House Project</h3>
Sales founded the Spirit House Project, a non-profit organization and inner-city mission dedicated to Daniels.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
Starting in 2007, the Spirit House Project documented over 2,000 state-sanctioned deaths against Black people. 98 percent of those counted in that number were unarmed. "It is not by accident that <a href="/facts/Black_Lives_Matter/vdpHmDVV">Black Lives Matter</a> is a theme today," said Sales. She believes "Black Lives Matter" has always been a theme of the fight for justice even in slavery. At a 2014 conference she organized in Washington, DC, Sales contended that saying "All Lives Matter" as a response to the slogan "Black Lives Matter" is an act that perpetuates <a href="/facts/White_nationalism/xh1ehEAl">White nationalism</a>. The Conference was titled "What's Behind the Wave of Police and Vigilante Killings of Black People?" (April 22, 2014, Washington, DC). The conference was coordinated by Sales and Cheryl Blankenship.

<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>
<ul><li>Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ">From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom</a>. Routledge. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781136173769.</li>
<li>Daniels, Jonathan Myrick (1992) [1967]. Schneider, William J. (ed.). American Martyr: The Jon Daniels Story. Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0819215864. Originally published as The Jon Daniels Story: with his Letters and Papers (New York: Seabury Press, 1967).</li>
<li>Eagles, Charles (2000) [1993]. Outside Agitator: Jon Daniels and the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0817310691. Originally published under same title by the University of North Carolina Press (Chapel Hill, 1993).</li>
<li>Wallace, Rich and Sandra Neil (2016). Blood Brother: Jonathan Daniels and His Sacrifice for Civil Rights. Honesdale, PA: Calkins Creek..</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.spirithouseproject.org">The Spirit House Project</a>, a non-profit organization founded and directed by Sales in honor of Jonathan Daniels</li>
<li><a href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1001602">Appearances</a> on <a href="/facts/C-SPAN/MdgMU5eM">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li>"Ruby Sales Says Keep on Fighting for Justice," August 27, 2015. Episcopal Diocese of Washington. <a href="https://www.edow.org/news-events/news/2015/08/27/ruby-sales-says-keep-fighting-justice">[1]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.onbeing.org/program/ruby-sales-where-does-it-hurt/8931">OnBeing w/Krista Tippet, WAMU; guest Ruby Sales, September 15, 2016</a> Retrieved October 5, 2016</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Ruby Nell Sales Oral History Interview". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved 2021-02-26. <a href="https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2011.174.7.1a-j" target="_blank">https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2011.174.7.1a-j</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Religion and Ethics Weekly" <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2018/07/19/black-lives-rising/34893/" target="_blank">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2018/07/19/black-lives-rising/34893/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Sales, Ruby. "Ruby Sales | Speaker | TED". www.ted.com. Retrieved 2021-02-26. <a href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruby_sales" target="_blank">https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruby_sales</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Ruby Sales: How Do We Maintain Our Courage To Fight For Change?". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-03-05. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/04/12/712275387/ruby-sales-how-do-we-maintain-our-courage-to-fight-for-change" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2019/04/12/712275387/ruby-sales-how-do-we-maintain-our-courage-to-fight-for-change</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Ruby Nell Sales's Biography". <a href="https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/ruby-nell-sales-39" target="_blank">https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/ruby-nell-sales-39</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Sales, Ruby. "Ruby Sales | Speaker | TED". www.ted.com. Retrieved 2021-02-26. <a href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruby_sales" target="_blank">https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruby_sales</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Combs, pp. 81. - Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 9781136173769. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Combs, pp. 82. - Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 9781136173769. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Ruane, Michael E. (16 August 2015). "Black civil rights activist recalls white ally who took a shotgun blast for her". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 December 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-civil-rights-activist-recalls-white-ally-who-took-a-shotgun-blast-for-her/2015/08/16/4e562dd8-3b74-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-civil-rights-activist-recalls-white-ally-who-took-a-shotgun-blast-for-her/2015/08/16/4e562dd8-3b74-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Combs, pp. 85. - Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 9781136173769. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Combs, pp. 85. - Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 9781136173769. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Schneider 1992; Eagles 2000; Ruane 2015 <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Combs, pp. 85. - Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 9781136173769. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Ruane, Michael E. (16 August 2015). "Black civil rights activist recalls white ally who took a shotgun blast for her". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 December 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-civil-rights-activist-recalls-white-ally-who-took-a-shotgun-blast-for-her/2015/08/16/4e562dd8-3b74-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-civil-rights-activist-recalls-white-ally-who-took-a-shotgun-blast-for-her/2015/08/16/4e562dd8-3b74-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Ruby Sales Says Keep on Fighting for Justice," August 27, 2015, "Activist and theologian, Ruby Sales," Washington National Cathedral in Washington, DC. https://www.edow.org/news-events/news/2015/08/27/ruby-sales-says-keep-fighting-justice?bID=2748&year=2019&month=9 <a href="https://www.edow.org/news-events/news/2015/08/27/ruby-sales-says-keep-fighting-justice?bID=2748&year=2019&month=9" target="_blank">https://www.edow.org/news-events/news/2015/08/27/ruby-sales-says-keep-fighting-justice?bID=2748&year=2019&month=9</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Ruane, Michael E. (16 August 2015). "Black civil rights activist recalls white ally who took a shotgun blast for her". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 December 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-civil-rights-activist-recalls-white-ally-who-took-a-shotgun-blast-for-her/2015/08/16/4e562dd8-3b74-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-civil-rights-activist-recalls-white-ally-who-took-a-shotgun-blast-for-her/2015/08/16/4e562dd8-3b74-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Combs, pp. 86. - Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 9781136173769. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WgQ3AgAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Ruby Sales open-in-new

Ruby Sales