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ELA-1
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Europa (BEC)</h3> <p>ELA-1, at the time designated BEC (<a href="/facts/French_language/qe1DnaQh">French</a>: <i>Base Équatoriale du CECLES</i>, <a href="/facts/Literal_translation/0cF1oFRh">lit.</a> 'CECLES Equatorial Base') was constructed as an equatorial launch site for the <a href="/facts/Europa_(rocket)/z1tPzfx0">Europa-II</a> rocket which was being built as part of the <a href="/facts/European_Launcher_Development_Organisation/e5boY1om">ELDO</a> programme. The first launch occurred on 5 November 1971. This was the only flight of the Europa-II, which ended in failure due to a guidance problem. The launch site was mothballed, and later demolished. </p> <h3>Ariane (ELA)</h3> <p>When the <a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a> programme was started, to replace the failed ELDO programme, a new launch site was built on the site of the former BEC, re-designated as ELA (<a href="/facts/French_language/qe1DnaQh">French</a>: <i>Ensemble de Ariane</i>, <a href="/facts/Literal_translation/0cF1oFRh">lit.</a> 'Ariane Launch Complex'). The first <a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a> launch occurred on 24 December 1979. ELA was also used by <a href="/facts/Ariane_2/WUhvIVtC">Ariane 2</a> and <a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a> rockets, which first flew on 31 May 1986 and 4 August 1984 respectively. ELA was redesignated ELA-1 when the <a href="/facts/Ariane_4/hSG5Jl7Q">Ariane 4</a> entered service in 1988, as this launched from a separate launch pad, designated <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a>. The Ariane 1 was retired on 22 February 1986, the Ariane 2 on 2 April 1989, and the Ariane 3 on 12 July 1989. ELA was subsequently demolished. </p> <h3>Vega (ELV)</h3> <p>In November 2001, started the redevelopment of the pad to accommodate the <a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a> rocket and the ELA-1 was redesignated ELV.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> The reconstruction retained the Ariane 1 flame trench and added a new 50 m tall retractable vertical assembly building to cover the rocket during the preparation, four lighting protection masts and a new launch tower for the rocket. The launchpad is sometimes also designated as <i>Site de Lancement Vega</i> (SLV) and <i>Zone de Lancement Vega</i> (ZLV). Vega made its first launch from the complex on 13 February 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="launch-history">Launch history</h2> <h3>Launch graph</h3> 1 2 3 4 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Europa_(rocket)/z1tPzfx0">Europa II</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Ariane_2/WUhvIVtC">Ariane 2</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vega_C/AuH9mJ32">Vega C</a></li></ul> <h3>Launch chart</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>N°</th><th>Date</th><th>Flight</th><th>Launcher</th><th>Payload</th><th>Result</th><th>References</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>5 November 1971</td><td>F-11</td><td><a href="/facts/Europa_(rocket)/z1tPzfx0">Europa II</a></td><td>satellite mockup</td><td>Failure</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>24 December 1979</td><td>L-1</td><td rowspan="9"><a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CAT-1/Gngb6AwS">CAT-1</a></td><td>Success <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>23 May 1980</td><td>L-2</td><td>Firewheel Subsat-1,2,3,4 Amsat P3A CAT 2</td><td>Failure</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>19 June 1981</td><td>L-3</td><td><a href="/facts/Meteosat/RsekvXh7">Meteosat</a> 2 Apple CAT 3</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>20 December 1981</td><td>L-4</td><td>MARECS 1 CAT 4</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>9 September 1982</td><td>L-5</td><td>MARECS B Sirio 2</td><td>Failure</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>16 June 1983</td><td>L-6</td><td>ECS 1 Amsat P3B (Oscar 10)</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>19 October 1983</td><td>L-7</td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat_5/oYwvDxgT">Intelsat 5</a>07</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>5 March 1984</td><td>L-8</td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat_5/oYwvDxgT">Intelsat 5</a>08</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>23 May 1984</td><td>V-9</td><td><a href="/facts/Spacenet/TVgcLlXa">Spacenet</a> F1</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>4 August 1984</td><td>V-10</td><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Eutelsat/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat</a> 2 Telecom 1A</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>10 November 1984</td><td>V-11</td><td><a href="/facts/Spacenet/TVgcLlXa">Spacenet</a> F2 MARECS 2</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>8 February 1985</td><td>V-12</td><td><a href="/facts/Arabsat-1A/RqTKeaLV">Arabsat-1A</a> <a href="/facts/Brasilsat-A1/2sEQlhPz">Brasilsat-A1</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>8 May 1985</td><td>V-13</td><td>GStar 1 Télécom 1B</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>2 July 1985</td><td>V-14</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Giotto_(spacecraft)/q9moaxxL">Giotto</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>12 September 1985</td><td>V-15</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></td><td>Spacenet 3 ECS 3</td><td>Failure</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>22 February 1986</td><td>V-16</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SPOT_(satellite)/mmoBAyQT">SPOT 1</a> <a href="/facts/Viking_(satellite)/MDzjtzIA">Viking</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"><i>Flight V-17 (Ariane 3) was the first flight to launch from <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a> on 28 March 1986</i> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>31 May 1986</td><td>V-18</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_2/WUhvIVtC">Ariane 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat_VA_F-14/DhBRl5bI">Intelsat VA F-14</a></td><td>Failure</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>16 September 1987</td><td>V-19</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Optus_(satellite)/N4q9cv27">Aussat A3</a> ECS 4</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"><i>Flight V-20 (Ariane 2) launched from <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a> on 20 November 1987</i> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>11 March 1988</td><td>V-21</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Spacenet/TVgcLlXa">Spacenet</a> 3R Telecom 1C</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"><i>Flight V-22 (Maiden flight Ariane 4) launched from <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a> on 15 June 1988</i> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>17 May 1988</td><td>V-23</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_2/WUhvIVtC">Ariane 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat_VA_F-13/ePlg1wky">Intelsat VA F-13</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>21 July 1988</td><td>V-24</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/INSAT-1C/EkMtGwxu">INSAT-1C</a> ECS 5</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"><i>Flight V-25 (Ariane 3) launched from <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a> on 8 September 1988</i> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>28 October 1988</td><td>V-26</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Ariane_2/WUhvIVtC">Ariane 2</a></td><td>TDF 1</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>27 January 1989</td><td>V-28</td><td>Intelsat VA F-15</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>2 April 1989</td><td>V-30</td><td><a href="/facts/Tele-X/mo1JyESs">Tele-X</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>11 July 1989</td><td>V-32</td><td rowspan="1"><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Olympus-1/LboGl9Vu">Olympus-1</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"><i>Flights V27, V29 and V31 were launched from <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a></i>. <i>V27, V29 and V31 were all operated by <a href="/facts/Ariane_4/hSG5Jl7Q">Ariane 4</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7">From July 1989 until February 2012, no rockets were launched from ELA-1. As an alternative, <a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a> and <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a> were used.In November 2001, construction works started to prepare the pad for the lightweight Vega rocket.</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>13 February 2012</td><td><a href="/facts/Vega_flight_VV01/Jcr2Hpph">VV-01</a></td><td rowspan="20"><a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/LARES_(satellite)/nPjapgKN">LARES</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Xatcobeo/ELoTn4zQ">Xatcobeo</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/E-st%40r/bdaQ4AL2">e-st@r</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/ROBUSTA/p1rvgkvQ">ROBUSTA</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/MaSat-1/HFauWHwz">MaSat-1</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Goliat/Pp87zNp4">Goliat</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/PW-Sat/QrznFkM4">PW-Sat</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/UniCubeSat-GG/EWCFFrsJ">UniCubeSat-GG</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>7 May 2013</td><td>VV-02</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/PROBA-V/dp4j1uUE">PROBA-V</a></li><li><a href="/facts/VNREDSat-1/4JMzYLuB">VNREDSat-1</a>A</li><li><a href="/facts/ESTCube-1/TF16wHVd">ESTCube-1</a></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>30 April 2014</td><td>VV-03</td><td><a href="/facts/KazEOSat_2/Qr7BL13x">KazEOSat 1</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>11 February 2015</td><td>VV-04</td><td><a href="/facts/Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle/lwSnkgWb">IVX</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>23 June 2015</td><td>VV-05</td><td><a href="/facts/Sentinel-2A/53UWjuC2">Sentinel-2A</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>3 December 2015</td><td>VV-06</td><td><a href="/facts/LISA_Pathfinder/QEM75nCt">LISA Pathfinder</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>16 September 2016</td><td>VV-07</td><td>PeruSat-1 4 <a href="/facts/SkySat/7WITWE4c">Terra Bella</a> satellites</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>5 December 2016</td><td>VV-08</td><td><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25B6kt%25C3%25BCrk-1/tGKGascA">Göktürk-1</a>A</td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>9 March 2017</td><td>VV-09</td><td><a href="/facts/Sentinel-2B/9pCUqu05">Sentinel-2B</a></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>2 August 2017</td><td>VV-10</td><td><a href="/facts/OPTSAT-3000/a8PMMyeq">OPTSAT-3000</a> <a href="/facts/VEN%25CE%25BCS/ulsIsVCy">VENμS</a></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>8 November 2017</td><td>VV-11</td><td>2 MN35-13 satellites</td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>22 August 2018</td><td>VV-12</td><td><a href="/facts/ADM-Aeolus/sqcsWGLu">ADM-Aeolus</a></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>21 November 2018</td><td>VV-13</td><td><a href="/facts/Mohammed_VI_(satellite)/vymE0wRu">Mohammed VI-B</a></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>22 March 2019</td><td>VV-14</td><td><a href="/facts/PRISMA_(spacecraft)/pmD8GTss">PRISMA</a></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>11 July 2019</td><td><a href="/facts/Vega_flight_VV15/nA1zGVw5">VV-15</a></td><td>FalconEye 1</td><td>Failure</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>03 September 2020</td><td><a href="/facts/Vega_flight_VV16/lNE10nCj">VV-16</a></td><td><ul><li>Athena</li><li>ESAIL</li><li>GHGSat-C1</li><li>NEMO-HD</li><li><a href="/facts/%25C3%2591uSat/07fxh3s1">ÑuSat</a> 6</li><li><a href="/facts/UPM-Sat/7CbYMG9J">UPM-Sat</a> 2</li><li><a href="/facts/ION_Satellite_Carrier/fYmudWU4">ION CubeSat Carrier</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Planet_Labs/IF1z08vV">Flock-4v</a> × 26 <i>(cubesats)</i></li><li>AMICal Sat <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>DIDO-3 <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>FSSCat /A and /B <i>(cubesats)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Spire_Global/DQpgMngs">Lemur-2</a> × 8 <i>(cubesats)</i></li><li>OSM-1 Cicero <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Napa-1/v7v6EJhG">NAPA-1</a> <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>PICASSO <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>SIMBA <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/SpaceBEE/2R7EDK3I">SpaceBEE</a> × 12 <i>(cubesats)</i></li><li>TARS-1 <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>TRISAT <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>TTÜ-100 <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Tyvak/2LF1urCT">Tyvak</a> 0171 <i>(cubesat)</i></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>17 November 2020</td><td>VV-17</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/SEOSat-Ingenio/wxGTUWNS">SEOSat-Ingenio</a></li><li><a href="/facts/TARANIS/L4X8HfrU">TARANIS</a></li></ul></td><td>Failure</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>29 April 2021</td><td>VV-18</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Pl%25C3%25A9iades_(satellite)/JLCKKDlr">Pléiades Neo 3</a></li><li>NorSat-3</li><li>Bravo <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>ELO Alpha <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Lemur-2/DQpgMngs">Lemur-2</a> × 2 <i>(cubesats)</i></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>17 August 2021</td><td>VV-19</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Pl%25C3%25A9iades_(satellite)/JLCKKDlr">Pléiades Neo 4</a></li><li>BRO-4 <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>LEDSAT <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>RADCUBE <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>SUNSTORM <i>(cubesats)</i></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>16 November 2021</td><td>VV-20</td><td><p><a href="/facts/CERES_(satellite)/2NSN8xWk">CERES</a> × 3</p></td><td>Success</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>13 July 2022</td><td>VV-21</td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Vega-C/AuH9mJ32">Vega-C</a></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/LARES_2/nPjapgKN">LARES 2</a></li><li>ALPHA <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>AstroBio CubeSat <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>CELESTA <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>GreenCube <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>MTCube-2 <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>TRISAT-R <i>(cubesat)</i></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>21 December 2022</td><td><a href="/facts/Vega_flight_VV22/yKttJsWY">VV-22</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Pl%25C3%25A9iades_(satellite)/JLCKKDlr">Pléiades Neo 5 & 6</a></td><td>Failure</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>9 October 2023</td><td>VV-23</td><td><a href="/facts/Vega/G3wJwhhl">Vega</a></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/THEOS-2/msSN4Eug">THEOS-2</a></li><li>TRITON</li><li>ANSER × 3 <i>(cubesats)</i></li><li>CSC × 2 <i>(cubesats)</i></li><li>ESTCube-2 <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>MACSAT <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>N3SS <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>PRETTY <i>(cubesat)</i></li><li>PVCC <i>(cubesat)</i></li></ul></td><td>Success</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Situation on 10 October 2023</i> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Spaceflight portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ariane_1/eNnQsLD8">Ariane 1</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ariane_2/WUhvIVtC">Ariane 2</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ariane_3/RhNhEfpx">Ariane 3</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ariane_(rocket_family)/bxpEpRRh">Ariane (rocket family)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Europa_(rocket)/z1tPzfx0">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ELA-2/I8IoscXE">ELA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Centre Spatial Guyanais</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622122854/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm">Encyclopedia Astronautica – Kourou</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"BEC, ELA, ELV, d'EUROPA à VEGA". Capcomespace. Retrieved 23 August 2018. <a href="https://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/VEGA/ELV.htm" target="_blank">https://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/VEGA/ELV.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Operations". Arianespace. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/spaceport-facility/operations/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/spaceport-facility/operations/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Europa". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000914/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/europa.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000914/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/europa.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. 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ISBN 978-1-85233-722-3. <a href="978-1-85233-722-3" target="_blank">978-1-85233-722-3</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"Ariane 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane2.html" target="_blank">http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. 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