Alexander Valley AVA

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

In its early history, the territory commonly referred to as the "Alexander Valley" denoted the <a href="/facts/Benchland/ISvTblbS">benchlands</a> east of the Russian River leading up to the <a href="/facts/Mayacamas_Mountains/5EYMHvth">Mayacamas Mountains</a>. The area west of the Russian River was known as "the plaines" or "the ranchos". Prior to Spanish colonization, Alexander Valley was occupied by the <a href="/facts/Wappo/hRx8MN7Q">Wappo</a> and <a href="/facts/Pomo/sghGPAxS">Pomo</a>. Viticulture in the area dates back to 1843, when Cyrus Alexander used vine <a href="/facts/Cuttings_(plant)/4lTh0bjD">cuttings</a> collected from <a href="/facts/Fort_Ross%2c_California/1fobaGxN">Fort Ross</a> on the Pacific coast, to establish vineyards in the area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> For most of its history the region was predominately associated with mass-produced bulk and <a href="/facts/Jug_wine/31k9mLwB">jug wines</a> made from indiscriminately planted <a href="/facts/Field_blends/oHWsKvuQ">field blends</a> of red <a href="/facts/Grape_varieties/Uv1dzGHn">grape varieties</a>. A modern era of quality wine production began in the late 1960s when a new owner of <a href="/facts/Simi_Winery/vtYcQSex">Simi Winery</a> sought to revive the area's long winemaking history. In the 1970s, a new wave of producers, such as Chateau Souverain and <a href="/facts/Jordan_Vineyard_%2526_Winery/llRJdx8n">Jordan Vineyard & Winery</a>, descended upon the area and started making wines that received critical and consumer acclaim. Wine pioneer, Rodney Strong, whose namesake winery is located in Russian River Valley, was also among the first to recognize Alexander Valley's potential, producing and releasing Sonoma County's first single vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon from the 1974 vintage. The vineyard designated was Strong's Alexander's Crown vineyard located near Jimtown. In 1988, <a href="/facts/E_%2526_J_Gallo_Winery/0X0XUAFh">E & J Gallo Winery</a> purchased substantial tracts of land in the Alexander Valley to establish the fine wine brand of the company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
In 1963, one of Alexander Valley's most prestigious vineyards, the Robert Young Vineyard, was planted. There were few wineries in the area at the time so the vineyard sourced most of it fruit to wineries outside the valley. One of these wineries, Chateau St. Jean, was so impressed with the quality of fruit that with the 1975 <a href="/facts/Vintage/x7DeqgDX">vintage</a> of their <a href="/facts/Chardonnay/xhQeDw02">Chardonnay</a> they put the name of the vineyard on the <a href="/facts/Wine_label/uPVSXylE">wine label</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> This "<a href="/facts/Vineyard_designated_wine/MMjzpCG0">vineyard designated wine</a>" would be one of the first premium wines in <a href="/facts/California_wine_history/1owP5L9C">California wine history</a> to have the name of the vineyard appear on the label.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>

<h3>Expansion</h3>
Located in the northeastern section of <a href="/facts/Sonoma_County%2c_California/qQkAfmGJ">Sonoma County</a>, the original boundaries of the AVA extend from the banks of the Russian River eastward to the foothills of the Mayacamas Mountains. In 1986 these boundaries were expanded to include overlapping regions of the <a href="/facts/Russian_River_AVA/WVEFFV6b">Russian River AVA</a>. A second expansion occurred in 1990 to cover vineyards owned by Sir <a href="/facts/Peter_Michael_(engineer)/81eIxoE1">Peter Michael</a> and Ellis Alden in the foothills east of <a href="/facts/Geyserville/Y1sY2dr3">Geyserville</a>. In 2001, the area consisting of the <a href="/facts/Gill_Creek/fyet8zeN">Gill Creek</a> <a href="/facts/Drainage_basin/lzsx0XJS">watershed</a> was changed from being part of the <a href="/facts/Dry_Creek_AVA/VJEW697R">Dry Creek AVA</a> to a reclassification as part of the Alexander Valley AVA.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<h2 id="geography-and-climate">Geography and climate</h2>

The Alexander Valley covers a broad expanse of land east of the Russian River consisting of the watershed that runs southeast from the <a href="/facts/Mendocino_County/fDJLEktN">Mendocino County</a> line down to the boundaries of the <a href="/facts/Chalk_Hill_AVA/eNJoXklf">Chalk Hill AVA</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> The area is sheltered from the influence of the nearby <a href="/facts/Pacific_Oceans/bdxgXRVM">Pacific Oceans</a> by the low-lying hills northeast of Healdsburg. The dominant vineyard soil of the region is <a href="/facts/Alluvial/Bo78QRlp">alluvial</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> During the day, the Alexander Valley is one of the warmest areas in Northern California but at night experiences a wide <a href="/facts/Diurnal_temperature_variation/nqz0KRKV">diurnal temperature variation</a> that offers cool climate conditions. The region's proximity to the Russian River serves a source for early morning <a href="/facts/Fog/mrIdyIc7">fog</a> that covers the lower vineyard areas until it is burned off by the morning sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>

<h2 id="wines">Wines</h2>

A characteristic associated with Alexander Valley wines is a rich, fleshy mouthfeel and a degree of voluptuousness due to the area's generally warm climate and ability to sufficiently ripen the grapes. While the wine exhibit a degree of drinkability and accessibility in their youth, they may not have the same <a href="/facts/Aging_potential_(wine)/XbED9wLM">aging potential</a> as wines from <a href="/facts/Napa_Valley_(wine)/MLglpafn">Napa Valley</a> or even other areas of Sonoma County.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> The Alexander Valley is capable of growing a wide range of <a href="/facts/Grape_varieties/Uv1dzGHn">grape varieties</a> but in recent years, the area has been noted for the quality of its <a href="/facts/Cabernet_Sauvignon/jIXCqHRP">Cabernet Sauvignon</a> and <a href="/facts/Merlot/ceC0AY2S">Merlot</a>. The alluvial soils of the region tend to impart a rich, chocolate note to the Cabernet.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> Other Alexander Valley <a href="/facts/Varietal/k7rLLS9M">varietals</a> that have been gaining recognition include <a href="/facts/Chardonnay/xhQeDw02">Chardonnay</a>, <a href="/facts/Nebbiolo/p2kaYYW6">Nebbiolo</a> and <a href="/facts/Sangiovese/Mgn5jkTX">Sangiovese</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> The Chardonnay from this region is characterized by its rich, tropical fruits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Some experts, such as <a href="/facts/Jancis_Robinson/XI5sr3PM">Jancis Robinson</a>, have speculated that <a href="/facts/Zinfandel/lmYfJt8Q">Zinfandel</a> and <a href="/facts/Sauvignon_blanc/Sb5HWVDY">Sauvignon blanc</a> may eventually prove themselves to be best suited to the climate and soils of the Alexander Valley.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>

<h2 id="river-rock-casino-controversy">River Rock Casino controversy</h2>
In the early 21st century, there was controversy when the Alexander Valley Association of farmers, wineries and property owners objected to a proposal for a <a href="/facts/Native_American_gambling_enterprises/8egXlv2W">tribal casino</a> on land owned by the <a href="/facts/Pomo_people/sghGPAxS">Pomo people</a>. In 1998, the association had been able to block a large winery expansion proposed by <a href="/facts/Kendall-Jackson/ILjI9cG0">Kendall-Jackson</a>, but in the dispute with the Pomo casino, federal and state laws granted the tribe the right to develop the land in any way they wished. The casino was built and named River Rock Casino. Resulting traffic problems along <a href="/facts/California_State_Route_128/KbN9qs4X">Highway 128</a> after the casino's opening in 2002 led to public safety concerns during <a href="/facts/Harvest_season_(wine)/ajay94vt">harvest season</a> because of the agricultural traffic on the roads.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> These concerns intensified after River Rock received a <a href="/facts/Liquor_license/VNg9XxcL">liquor license</a> in 2008.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.alexandervalley.org/">Alexander Valley Winegrowers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220161505/http://www.sonomawinegrape.org/growing-regions">Sonoma County Winegrape Commission appellation maps</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Wappo Language". Wappo Indians of Napa County. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2012-08-15. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208151926/http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/wappo/pages/language.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120208151926/http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/wappo/pages/language.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 643 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Gudde, Erwin; William Bright (2004). California Place Names (Fourth ed.). University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-520-24217-3. <a href="0-520-24217-3" target="_blank">0-520-24217-3</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Elkjer, Thom (October 4, 2005). "Tale of Two Valleys". Appellation America. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210430/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/66/Tale-of-Two-Valleys.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210430/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/66/Tale-of-Two-Valleys.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 643 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Elkjer, Thom (October 4, 2005). "Tale of Two Valleys". Appellation America. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210430/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/66/Tale-of-Two-Valleys.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210430/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/66/Tale-of-Two-Valleys.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Cline, H. "Robert Young, 84, energized to better wine grape growing". Western Farm Press. Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090721174540/http://westernfarmpress.com/news/farming_robert_young_energized/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090721174540/http://westernfarmpress.com/news/farming_robert_young_energized/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">T. Stevenson, ed. The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia (4th Edition) pg 482 Dorling Kindersley 2005 ISBN 0-7513-3740-4 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Elkjer, Thom (October 4, 2005). "Tale of Two Valleys". Appellation America. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210430/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/66/Tale-of-Two-Valleys.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210430/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/66/Tale-of-Two-Valleys.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">H. Johnson & J. Robinson The World Atlas of Wine pg 274 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 ISBN 1-84000-332-4 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">MacNeil, K. (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. p. 671. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="1-56305-434-5" target="_blank">1-56305-434-5</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 643 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">H. Johnson & J. Robinson The World Atlas of Wine pg 274 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 ISBN 1-84000-332-4 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">T. Stevenson, ed. The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia (4th Edition) pg 482 Dorling Kindersley 2005 ISBN 0-7513-3740-4 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Laube, J. (December 8, 2008). "Tasting Highlights: California Chardonnay". Wine Spectator. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. <a href="https://archive.today/20130209063119/http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Features/Premium/0,1197,4748,00.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130209063119/http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Features/Premium/0,1197,4748,00.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 643 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">T. Fish "Gambling Rolls into Sonoma Wine Country Archived 2004-10-10 at the Wayback Machine" Wine Spectator, July 23, 2003 <a href="http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Daily/News/0,1145,2132,00.html" target="_blank">http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Daily/News/0,1145,2132,00.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Mason, Clark (June 3, 2008). "River Rock liquor license granted". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718210754/http://www1.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080603/NEWS/806030389" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090718210754/http://www1.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080603/NEWS/806030389</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Alexander Valley AVA open-in-new

Alexander Valley AVA