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<h2 id="events">Events</h2> <h3>January–March</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_23/2Hhq7rW0">January 23</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Cheyne_(judge)/Af7Pw76a">William Cheyne</a> becomes the <a href="/facts/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales/E3eCayFX">Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales</a>, replacing the late <a href="/facts/William_Hankford/CXo18shR">William Hankford</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_1/PWaVIqWB">February 1</a> – While negotiating his release from captivity, King James of Scotland is allowed to be married to <a href="/facts/Joan_Beaufort%2c_Queen_of_Scots/s8lIlJ8I">Joan Beaufort</a> in <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a>, with a ceremony taking place at <a href="/facts/Southwark_Cathedral/CEI3FfFl">Southwark Cathedral</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_12/ddd56jhx">February 12</a> – The coronation of <a href="/facts/Sophia_of_Halshany/Aj0BHryc">Sophia of Halshany</a>, wife of <a href="/facts/W%25C5%2582adys%25C5%2582aw_II_Jagie%25C5%2582%25C5%2582o/D0wzcRK6">Władysław II Jagiełło</a>, as <a href="/facts/List_of_Polish_royal_consorts/YoNPt33S">Queen consort of Poland</a> takes place at the Kraków Cathedral.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_14/CpNgqcq1">February 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Wars_in_Lombardy/Rp4WBAPz">Wars in Lombardy</a>: The Army of the <a href="/facts/Florentine_Republic/7yhQNe6c">Florentine Republic</a>, led by Captain <a href="/facts/Pandolfo_III_Malatesta/uXXqbqt7">Pandolfo III Malatesta</a>, storms the city of Romagna.</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_28/4dtge7PT">March 28</a> – King <a href="/facts/James_I_of_Scotland/CGCs2zFY">James I of Scotland</a> is released after having been held captive in <a href="/facts/England/U9mE5bGL">England</a> for 18 years. James is freed after putting his royal seal on a ransom treaty of £40,000, secured by Scottish hostages taking his place, as agreed at <a href="/facts/Durham%2c_England/JDWrbJG9">Durham</a> in England.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>April–June</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/April_5/M78bdVSy">April 5</a> – King James returns to Scotland for the first time since 1406, after being escorted to the border along with his wife Joan Beaufort, Queen consort, by English and Scottish nobles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/May_21/7eCgCTWG">May 21</a> – The <a href="/facts/James_I_of_Scotland/CGCs2zFY">coronation of James I</a> as King of Scotland takes place at <a href="/facts/Scone_Abbey/EJItruXy">Scone Abbey</a> in the Scottish town of <a href="/facts/Scone%2c_Scotland/yTuwJWEH">Scone</a>. After the ceremony King James performs his first knighthood ceremony, honoring 18 prominent nobles.</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_2/zjc1BdRn">June 2</a> – <a href="/facts/War_of_L%2527Aquila/myJxqcLT">Battle of L'Aquila</a>: <a href="/facts/Jacopo_Caldora/pcbnMFUm">Jacopo Caldora</a> and <a href="/facts/Micheletto_Attendolo/GE16dVcx">Micheletto Attendolo</a>, for the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Naples/9NtrlFp7">Kingdom of Naples</a>, defeat <a href="/facts/Braccio_da_Montone/f5muYk8N">Braccio da Montone</a>, for <a href="/facts/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon/IrBX3mvR">Alfonso V of Aragon</a>.</li></ul> <h3>July –September</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/July_28/IY2HE1aj">July 28</a> – The Army of the <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Milan/GBIKAYF3">Duchy of Milan</a>, led by the Duke <a href="/facts/Filippo_Maria_Visconti/IqL3edtB">Filippo Maria Visconti</a>, defeats the <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Florence/7yhQNe6c">Republic of Florence</a> Army, led by <a href="/facts/Carlo_I_Malatesta/um1ErnyC">Carlo I Malatesta</a>, in the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Zagonara/C28lqwc3">Battle of Zagonara</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/August_17/yVrQpPk6">August 17</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Verneuil/tV9c8MjG">Battle of Verneuil</a>: An <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_England/1VqdIuFc">English</a> force under <a href="/facts/John%2c_Duke_of_Bedford/zP77zvmB">John, Duke of Bedford</a> defeats a larger <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_France/Ul6rT7cQ">French</a> army under the <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Alen%25C3%25A7on/eUGn5NXg">Duke of Alençon</a>, <a href="/facts/John_Stewart%2c_2nd_Earl_of_Buchan/YTybWqFp">John Stewart</a>, and <a href="/facts/Archibald_Douglas%2c_4th_Earl_of_Douglas/U1pmj2LU">Earl Archibald of Douglas</a>. Alençon is captured and Douglas killed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/September_7/ylKjs7QG">September 7</a> – Prince Zhu Gaochi of China becomes the <a href="/facts/Hongxi_Emperor/WrvwKjyC">Emperor Renzong</a> of the <a href="/facts/Ming_dynasty/p3bSVwUH">Ming dynasty</a>, beginning the Hongxi era, after the August 12 death of his father, the <a href="/facts/Yongle_Emperor/5dRoyxpU">Yongle Emperor</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/September_13/1fQluuol">September 13</a> – After the signing of a treaty between the different factions in the <a href="/facts/Hussite_Wars/pmqw46Mr">Hussite Wars</a>, the Bohemian campaign is completed in what is now the <a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q">Czech Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_23/0VDxMSs7">September 23</a> – The Hussites, led by <a href="/facts/Jan_%25C5%25BDi%25C5%25BEka/RnXW4z3S">Jan Žižka</a>, begin marching towards North Moravia to suppress the ongoing rebellion there.</li></ul> <h3>October –December</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/October_11/poTT45D9">October 11</a> – <a href="/facts/Prokop_the_Great/5keJ0EF7">Prokop the Great</a> takes command of the Hussites after the death of <a href="/facts/Jan_%25C5%25BDi%25C5%25BEka/RnXW4z3S">Jan Žižka</a> from the plague.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_1/1tRfIDru">November 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Xuande_Emperor/ccuGx4p0">Zhu Zhanji</a> is designated as the Crown Prince of Ming dynasty China by his father, the <a href="/facts/Hongxi_Emperor/WrvwKjyC">Emperor Renzong</a>. The Emperor dies eight months later and Zhu Zhanji becomes the <a href="/facts/Xuande_Emperor/ccuGx4p0">Emperor Xuanzong</a> on June 27, 1425.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November/BTh2CLu7">November</a> – The <a href="/facts/Bourges_astronomical_clock/LfJn3jS5">Bourges astronomical clock</a>, designed by Jean Fusoris, is installed in the <a href="/facts/Bourges_Cathedral/u7Pvf2jI">Bourges Cathedral</a> as a gift to the town from <a href="/facts/Charles_VII_of_France/0aA944sz">King Charles VII</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/December_10/XGs6d7Fl">December 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Radu_II_of_Wallachia/3EXyLU2F">Radu II Chelul</a> becomes the <a href="/facts/List_of_princes_of_Wallachia/8TREwBmS">Prince of Wallachia</a> (now in Romania) for the third time, taking over from <a href="/facts/Dan_II_of_Wallachia/dGaVgr0v">Dan II</a> after an Ottoman invasion.</li></ul> <h3>Date unknown</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Dalmatia/nstFC7cc">Dalmatia</a>: Aliota Capenna, lord of Lesina (nowadays <a href="/facts/Hvar/aPWDBP3c">Hvar</a>), offers his realm to the <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Venice/5aqUw6gJ">Republic of Venice</a> (also said to have occurred in <a href="/facts/1409/YChAjCtB">1409</a> and <a href="/facts/1421/St8WhKzH">1421</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_1/SI1VAKRT">January 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_IV%2c_Elector_Palatine/D0dYtUfK">Louis IV, Elector Palatine</a> (1436–1449) (d. <a href="/facts/1449/Bw53V0mQ">1449</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_9/sL5DYEJ0">June 9</a> – <a href="/facts/Blanche_II_of_Navarre/zEpGPEqo">Blanche II of Navarre</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1464/tWT9wxg5">1464</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August/bH7jHJDg">August</a> – <a href="/facts/Demetrios_Chalkokondyles/kfkmLRfb">Demetrios Chalkokondyles</a>, Greek scholar (d. <a href="/facts/1511/EwfVXVQV">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_31/unFJnkkY">October 31</a> – King <a href="/facts/W%25C5%2582adys%25C5%2582aw_III_of_Poland/A4Soprez">Władysław III of Poland</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1444/kauKCU4E">1444</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_8/6efHKDyg">December 8</a> – <a href="/facts/Anselm_Adornes/E6nz6pm4">Anselm Adornes</a>, Merchant, politician and diplomat (d. <a href="/facts/1483/DyUQ2Xya">1483</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_25/cQC6alfX">December 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Margaret_Stewart%2c_Dauphine_of_France/Aq9Q13Bq">Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1445/q1gVYTow">1445</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_10/gbkk1UJQ">August 10</a> or <a href="/facts/1426/5YHCs6Il">1426</a> – <a href="/facts/Boniface_III%2c_Marquess_of_Montferrat/36qQW5ae">Boniface III, Marquess of Montferrat</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1494/1bXWyJm7">1494</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> – <a href="/facts/Abu_Sa%2527id_Mirza/PBQeU60N">Abu Sa'id Mirza</a>, ruler of Persia and Afghanistan (d. <a href="/facts/1469/qrrxB119">1469</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> – <a href="/facts/Mary_of_Looz-Heinsberg/axowf2bd">Mary of Looz-Heinsberg</a>, Dutch noble woman (d. <a href="/facts/1502/MFtcl7wa">1502</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_4/krKQrxA8">January 4</a> – <a href="/facts/Muzio_Sforza/XK1K5H7A">Muzio Sforza</a>, Italian condottiero</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_8/SGESoya0">January 8</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Zaccaria/o4j8SmWr">Stephen Zaccaria</a>, Latin Archbishop of Patras</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_14/zT7AmuDE">April 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Lucia_Visconti/1dIo0tsu">Lucia Visconti</a>, English countess (b. <a href="/facts/1372/rc6zIP4U">1372</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/May_10/BkQqYRkX">May 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Emperor_Go-Kameyama/JEeUyhtj">Emperor Go-Kameyama</a> of Japan<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/June_5/9GEpftBB">June 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Braccio_da_Montone/f5muYk8N">Braccio da Montone</a>, Italian <a href="/facts/Condottiero/Ls3jaY4H">condottiero</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/June_10/nlhwysHq">June 10</a> – Duke <a href="/facts/Ernest_of_Austria_(Habsburg)/vbuSXwmT">Ernest of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1377/9o9CEn8T">1377</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_16/WtGcu88a">June 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Johannes_Ambundii/nNEHjwQM">Johannes Ambundii</a>, Archbishop of Riga</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_12/0WqFFwMy">August 12</a> – <a href="/facts/Yongle_Emperor/5dRoyxpU">Yongle Emperor</a> of China (b. <a href="/facts/1360/oh5twNxn">1360</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_17/yVrQpPk6">August 17</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Stewart%2c_Earl_of_Buchan/YTybWqFp">John Stewart, Earl of Buchan</a> (b. c. <a href="/facts/1381/Th2fcus7">1381</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_17/1rhf5uML">September 17</a> – <a href="/facts/Catherine%2c_Princess_of_Asturias/TQ3gT8El">Catherine, Princess of Asturias</a>, Castilian royal (b. <a href="/facts/1422/oTWsxbGI">1422</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_11/poTT45D9">October 11</a> – <a href="/facts/Jan_%25C5%25BDi%25C5%25BEka/RnXW4z3S">Jan Žižka</a>, Czech general and Hussite leader</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> – <a href="/facts/Joan_II%2c_Countess_of_Auvergne/yezYFUz0">Joan II, Countess of Auvergne</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1378/fb6vfAWb">1378</a>)</li> <li><i>probable</i> – <a href="/facts/Johannes_Abezier/xUJThCRF">Johannes Abezier</a>, provost and bishop of the Teutonic Knights (b. <a href="/facts/1380/ytqFKhR0">1380</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Powell, Edward (2004). "Cheyne, Sir William (d. 1443)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5264. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Powell_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">/w/index.php?title=Edward_Powell_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Weir, Alison (2008). Mistress of the Monarchy: The Life of Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster. London: Random House. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-345-45323-5. <a href="978-0-345-45323-5" target="_blank">978-0-345-45323-5</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Duczmal, Małgorzata (2012). Jogailaičiai (PDF). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. p. 425. ISBN 978-5-420-01703-6. <a href="978-5-420-01703-6" target="_blank">978-5-420-01703-6</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Brown, M. H. (2004). "James I". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14587. Retrieved May 16, 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brown_(historian)" target="_blank">/wiki/Michael_Brown_(historian)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Brown, M. H. (2004). "James I". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14587. Retrieved May 16, 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brown_(historian)" target="_blank">/wiki/Michael_Brown_(historian)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Peter Paret (1986). Makers of modern strategy: from Machiavelli to the nuclear age. Oxford University Press. p. 21. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Richard Wadge. "The Battle of Verneuil: a second Agincourt". The History Press. Retrieved February 27, 2021. <a href="https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/the-battle-of-verneuil-a-second-agincourt/" target="_blank">https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/the-battle-of-verneuil-a-second-agincourt/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Dreyer, Edward L. (1982). Early Ming China: A Political History. Palo Alto CA: Stanford University Press. p. 222. ISBN 0-8047-1105-4. <a href="0-8047-1105-4" target="_blank">0-8047-1105-4</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Prokop. Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Prokop" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Prokop</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Dreyer, Edward L (2007). Zheng He : China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433 (Library of World Biography Series ed.). New York: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0321084439. <a href="978-0321084439" target="_blank">978-0321084439</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Chevalier, Michel (1997). La France des cathédrales : du IVe au XXe (in French). Éditions Ouest-France. p. 327. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Stephanopoli, Dimo (1799). Voyage de Dimo et Nicolo Stephanopoli en Grèce,: pendant les années V et VI. Paris: Guilleminet. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WskGAAAAQAAJ&q=aliota+capenna" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=WskGAAAAQAAJ&q=aliota+capenna</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Schutte, O. (1979). "Genealogische gegevens". In Tamse, C.A. (ed.). Nassau en Oranje in de Nederlandse geschiedenis (in Dutch). Alphen aan den Rijn: A.W. Sijthoff. p. 41. ISBN 90-218-2447-7. <a href="90-218-2447-7" target="_blank">90-218-2447-7</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/Zaltbommel" target="_blank">/wiki/Zaltbommel</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Blok, P.J. (1911). "Johan (Johann) IV, graaf van Nassau-Dillenburg". In Molhuysen, P.C. & Blok, P.J. (eds.). Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (in Dutch). Vol. Eerste deel. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff. p. 1219. <a href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu01_01/molh003nieu01_01_1900.php" target="_blank">https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu01_01/molh003nieu01_01_1900.php</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Vorsterman van Oyen, A.A. (1882). Het vorstenhuis Oranje-Nassau. Van de vroegste tijden tot heden (in Dutch). Leiden & Utrecht: A.W. Sijthoff & J.L. Beijers. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" target="_blank">/wiki/Leiden</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Catholic Church. Province of Canterbury (England). Archbishop (1414-1443 : Chichele) (1938). The Register of Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1414-1443. Clarendon Press. p. lx.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6JkxAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=6JkxAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Japan Society of London (1925). Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. p. 112. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=34U0AAAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=34U0AAAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>