Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Ramakrishna Math
open-in-new
<h2 id="branches">Branches</h2> <p>The Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission have 221 centers all over the world: </p> <ul><li>167 in <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a>,</li> <li>15 in <a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a>,</li> <li>14 in the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>,</li> <li>2 in <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a></li> <li>2 in <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a>,</li> <li>2 in <a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq">South Africa</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li></ul> <p>and one each in <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq">Australia</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Fiji/JU8Hs8WH">Fiji</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Ireland/35vYxXdP">Ireland</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP">Malaysia</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Mauritius/lVUARna5">Mauritius</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2">Nepal</a>, <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">the Netherlands</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lanka</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/facts/Zambia/lCnlx5a1">Zambia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> In addition, there are 45 sub-centres (22 within India, 23 outside India) under different centres. </p> <h2 id="genesis">Genesis</h2> <h3>Baranagar Math</h3> <p>During his lifetime, Ramakrishna gathered and trained his young disciples, with Narendranath (future <a href="/facts/Vivekananda/T6pyK2B4">Vivekananda</a>) as their anointed leader. It is these disciples - some of whom were also blessed with monastic robes by Ramakrishna himself, that formed the core of a new monastic order that bears his name now. Swami Vivekananda and fifteen<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> others were the founders of this order. After taking formal monastic vows through appropriate rituals (12 at first and the rest at different times later) they assumed new names as follows (based on seniority in age): Generalissimo, El Yogador, manager, and drone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="motto-and-emblem">Motto and emblem</h2> <p>Any organisation, especially the one that bears the name of an epoch-making person, needs a motto to guide it and an emblem that constantly reminds and inspires. Realising this, Vivekananda placed before it the motto: आत्मनो मोक्षार्थम् जगद्धिताय च – <i>Atmano Mokshartham jagaddhitaya cha</i> (lit. 'For the liberation of the Self and service to the society'). He also designed a charming but distinctive emblem that effectively reflected this motto. It consists of an elegant swan against the backdrop of the rising sun, surrounded by wavy waters from which has arisen a beautiful lotus flower along with a couple of leaves. This whole picture is encircled by a hooded serpent. </p> <p>Whereas the motto adds a social dimension to the hitherto, purely personal, aspect of a self-centred sadhana, the emblem – which graphically describes a balanced combination or harmony of all the four yogas – enriches that sadhana by making it more comprehensive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Swami_Vivekananda/T6pyK2B4">Swami Vivekananda</a> explained the imagery in the following terms: <i>"The wavy waters in the picture are symbolic of Karma; the lotus, of Bhakti; and the rising-sun, of Jnana. The encircling serpent is indicative of Yoga and the awakened Kundalini Shakti, while the swan in the picture stands for Paramatman (Supreme Self). Therefore, the idea of the picture is that by the union of Karma, Jnana, Bhakti and Yoga, the vision of Paramatman is obtained."</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bifurcation">Bifurcation</h2> <p>The basic philosophy of life put before the Ramakrishna Order by Vivekananda automatically led to a bifurcation of its activities into two important, but parallel, areas. The atmamoksha aspect resulted in the establishment of the Ramakrishna Math, an organisation catering predominantly to the spiritual needs of the monks of the order as also its votaries. The jagaddhita aspect, on the other hand, gave rise to another, a sister organisation, concentrating solely on public service activities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="characteristics">Characteristics</h2> <p>Unlike the old monastic traditions prevalent at the time, the Ramakrishna movement has certain unique features: </p> <h3>Group life and work ethic</h3> <p>Since its cradle years, the Ramakrishna monks have chosen to live in a group. Though from time to time, the monks went into solitude or wandering alone, the sense of brotherhood among them was too strong to keep anyone away from the monastery for too long. Since Sri Ramakrishna himself insisted on Sadhu Sangha (holy company) it is but natural for his disciples to seek the company of the each other The greatest advantage of a Sangha (organisation of monks) is strengthening of one another's spiritual vibrations and the rounding off one's angularities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p><p>The fact that the Movement lays great stress on selfless service as a means of God-realization also attracts many people. The service it gives is open to all, irrespective of caste or creed or language.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> <h3>Attitude toward politics</h3> <p>Swami Vivekananda with an uncanny vision of the future forbade his organization strictly from taking part in any political movement or activity. Why? Because the monk is a world-citizen, nay, a man of God! (And, world-citizens do not dabble in politics, whereas Godmen have no politics at all.)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="administration">Administration</h2> <p>In consultation with the senior monks of the Order, the Trustees elect from among themselves a President, one of three Vice Presidents, a General Secretary and four Assistant Secretaries. The President, also called the 'Sanghaguru' is the supreme Head of the whole organisation and the sole authority to confer Samnyasa or administering the monastic vow. The Presidents, Vice Presidents (or the Head of a foreign centre) are also empowered to give initiation or Mantra Diksha to devotees aspiring for it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p><p>The General Secretary is the administrative head of the organisation. However, his power is limited to implementing the decisions taken by the Trustees/Members of the Governing Body, though he has the freedom to act in matters of day-to-day administration. The Assistant Secretaries work under his guidance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>The individual centres of the Math are managed by the Adhyaksha and of the Mission, by the secretaries, duly appointed by the Trustees/Members of the Governing Body. These again, are expected to carry on their work with the assistance of the monastic members allotted to their centres as also volunteers and paid-workers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>As of 31 March 2014, there were 409 monastic members, 254 lay members, and 181 lay associates.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Belur_Math/4tdfd9H0">Belur Math</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ramakrishna_Sarada_Math/HxIr3c7K">Ramakrishna Sarada Math</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Baranagore_Ramakrishna_Mission_Ashrama_High_School/J1xrfvRc">Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Harshananda, Swami, "A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism", Ramakrishna Math, Bangalore (2008). Vol.3, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-81-7907-057-4</li> <li>Gahanananda, Swami, "Ramakrishna Mission for All", Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-7120-375-2</li> <li>Prabhananda, Swami, "The Ramakrishna Movement," The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Calcutta, (1991), <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-87332-38-7</li> <li>Budhananda, Swami, "The Ramakrishna Movement: Its Meaning for Mankind," Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata (1980), <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-85301-56-5</li> <li>Prabhananda, Swami, "The Early History of the Ramakrishna Movement," Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai (2005), <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-7823-226-X</li> <li>Shraddhananda, Swami, "The Story of An Epoch," Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai, (1980), <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-7120-517-8</li> <li>"Monasticism: Ideals and Traditions," Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai (1991) <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 81-7120-359-0</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306224904/http://www.belurmath.org/news_archives/2014/12/22/annual-general-meeting-2014/">Report of Governing Body for 2013-2014</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <p> Media related to Ramakrishna Mission at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a href="http://www.belurmath.org/">Official Website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Ramakrishna Math and Mission "About Us" page <a href="https://belurmath.org/about-us/" target="_blank">https://belurmath.org/about-us/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>donationsbm. "Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission Home Page". Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. <a href="https://belurmath.org/" target="_blank">https://belurmath.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Ramakrishna Centre of South Africa". www.ramakrishna-sa.org.za. <a href="http://www.ramakrishna-sa.org.za/" target="_blank">http://www.ramakrishna-sa.org.za/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Ramakrishna Ashrama Argentina". <a href="http://www.ramakrishna.org.ar/" target="_blank">http://www.ramakrishna.org.ar/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Vedanta Centre of Sydney". www.vedantasydney.org. <a href="https://www.vedantasydney.org/" target="_blank">https://www.vedantasydney.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Ramakrishna Vedanta - Meditação e Yoga em São Paulo". Ramakrishna Vedanta - Meditação e Yoga em São Paulo. <a href="https://www.vedanta.org.br/" target="_blank">https://www.vedanta.org.br/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Ramakrishan Mission - Fiji". www.rkmfiji.org. <a href="http://www.rkmfiji.org/" target="_blank">http://www.rkmfiji.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Centre Védantique Ramakrishna - Paris". www.centre-vedantique.fr. <a href="http://www.centre-vedantique.fr/" target="_blank">http://www.centre-vedantique.fr/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Vedanta Gesellschaft e.V. - Home". www.vedanta-germany.org. <a href="http://www.vedanta-germany.org/" target="_blank">http://www.vedanta-germany.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Ramakrishna Vedanta Centre". Éire Vedanta Society. <a href="https://rkmireland.org/" target="_blank">https://rkmireland.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Welcome to Vedanta Society of Japan". www.vedanta.jp. <a href="http://www.vedanta.jp/" target="_blank">http://www.vedanta.jp/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"RAMAKRISHNA MISSION – Malaysia". <a href="https://www.rkmission.org.my/" target="_blank">https://www.rkmission.org.my/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"RAMAKRISHNA MISSION – Mauritius". <a href="https://www.rkmmauritius.net/" target="_blank">https://www.rkmmauritius.net/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"RAMAKRISHNA VEDANTA VERENIGING N". www.vedanta-nl.org. <a href="http://www.vedanta-nl.org/" target="_blank">http://www.vedanta-nl.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Ramakrishna Mission Singapore". <a href="https://www.ramakrishna.org.sg" target="_blank">https://www.ramakrishna.org.sg</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Ramakrishna Mission (Ceylon Branch)". Ramakrishna Mission (Ceylon Branch). <a href="http://www.rkmceylon.org/" target="_blank">http://www.rkmceylon.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Centre Védantique Genève". www.centre-vedantique-geneve.org. <a href="http://www.centre-vedantique-geneve.org/" target="_blank">http://www.centre-vedantique-geneve.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Home page of the Vedanta Centre UK". www.vedantauk.com. <a href="http://www.vedantauk.com/" target="_blank">http://www.vedantauk.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>donationsbm. "Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission Home Page". Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. <a href="https://belurmath.org/" target="_blank">https://belurmath.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>donationsbm. "Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission Home Page". Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. <a href="https://belurmath.org/" target="_blank">https://belurmath.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Swami Harshananda, A Concise Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Ramakrishna Math, Bangalore (2008) Vol.3, p.21 <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Swami Harshananda, The Concise Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Vol.3, p. 21. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Vivekananda, Swami. "Conversations And Dialogues - XVI". The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda. Vol. 7. Advaita Ashrama. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_7/Conversations_And_Dialogues/XVI" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_7/Conversations_And_Dialogues/XVI</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Swami Harshananda, p.21 <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Swami Harshananda, Vol.3 p.23 <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Lokeswarananda, Swami, The Ramakrishna Movement, Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, (1991) p.40-41 <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Swami Harshananda, Vol.3 p.23 <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Swami Harshananda, p.24 <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Swami Harshananda, p.24-25 <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Swami Harshananda, p.25 <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402121917/http://www.belurmath.org/news_archives/wpimages/2014/12/AGM-2013-14-to-Centre.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160402121917/http://www.belurmath.org/news_archives/wpimages/2014/12/AGM-2013-14-to-Centre.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>