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2019 Nobel Prizes
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<h2 id="prizes">Prizes</h2> <h3>Physics</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Awardee(s)</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Jim_Peebles/sJSx27PR">James Peebles</a><p>(b. 1935)</p></td><td> Canadian<p> American</p></td><td>"for theoretical discoveries in <a href="/facts/Physical_cosmology/ww4ChbEq">physical cosmology</a>"</td><td rowspan="3"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Michel_Mayor/l5GPzngL">Michel Mayor</a><p>(b. 1942)</p></td><td rowspan="2"> Swiss</td><td rowspan="2">"for the discovery of an <a href="/facts/Exoplanet/zjfmqfUf">exoplanet</a> orbiting a solar-type star"</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Didier_Queloz/dwNnejKf">Didier Queloz</a><p>(b. 1966)</p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Chemistry</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Awardee(s)</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/John_B._Goodenough/sq24M85o">John B. Goodenough</a><p>(1922–2023)</p></td><td> American</td><td rowspan="3">"for the development of <a href="/facts/Lithium_ion_batteries/3L22xFhB">lithium ion batteries</a>"</td><td rowspan="3"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/M._Stanley_Whittingham/TVazx2vK">M. Stanley Whittingham</a><p>(b. 1941)</p></td><td> British<p> American</p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Akira_Yoshino/T1AdMTtz">Akira Yoshino</a><p>(b. 1948)</p></td><td> Japanese</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Physiology or Medicine</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Awardee(s)</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/William_Kaelin_Jr./4dzTVHGX">William Kaelin Jr.</a><p>(b. 1957)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td rowspan="3">"for their discoveries of <a href="/facts/Cellular_respiration/kb6gpsvL">how cells</a> sense and adapt to oxygen availability"</td><td rowspan="3"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Peter_J._Ratcliffe/fUott7R2">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a><p>(b. 1954)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Gregg_L._Semenza/nLQAwc7l">Gregg L. Semenza</a><p>(b. 1956)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Literature</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature/zGMmWK77">2019 Nobel Prize in Literature</a></p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="4">Awardee(s)</th><th></th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Peter_Handke/RzbHEWkY">Peter Handke</a><p>(b. 1942)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a></td><td>"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience"</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Peace</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize/nvLWrhgI">2019 Nobel Peace Prize</a></p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Awardee(s)</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Abiy_Ahmed/yuTekad8">Abiy Ahmed</a><p>(b. 1976)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ethiopia/LVujNp5v">Ethiopia</a></td><td>"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the <a href="/facts/Eritrean%25E2%2580%2593Ethiopian_border_conflict/TXSWkpjn">border conflict</a> with neighbouring <a href="/facts/Eritrea/tuhgQTdR">Eritrea</a>."</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Economic Sciences</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences/zxkYcSSw">2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a></p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Awardee(s)</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Abhijit_Banerjee/b73UzHln">Abhijit Banerjee</a><p>(b. 1961)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td rowspan="3">"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"</td><td rowspan="3"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Esther_Duflo/Gy8xl7UK">Esther Duflo</a><p>(b. 1972)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a><p> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Michael_Kremer/HqmcyQkj">Michael Kremer</a><p>(b. 1964)</p></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="controversies">Controversies</h2> <h3>Chemistry</h3> <p>Some questioned the Chemistry Prize's awarding to three scientists without award or acknowledgement to <a href="/facts/Rachid_Yazami/Pxs5VdPd">Rachid Yazami</a>, a scientist whose research on the lithium-ion battery was similarly crucial to those recognized.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>Literature</h3> <p>Handke's awarding of the Literature Prize was scrutinized for his historic denying of the <a href="/facts/Bosnian_genocide/D3kH5KsF">Bosnian genocide</a>, as well as his affinity for <a href="/facts/Slobodan_Milo%25C5%25A1evi%25C4%2587/v68FJafu">Slobodan Milošević</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Several authors, historians, and organizations, including <a href="/facts/PEN_International/2CeXvszq">PEN International</a> condemned the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Foundation/xAYmymTr">Nobel Foundation</a>'s decision.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Additionally, the governments of <a href="/facts/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/jNVA1gPB">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/facts/Kosovo/lbyzI6UW">Kosovo</a>, and <a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0">Turkey</a> issued condemnations against the award, and the ambassadors from <a href="/facts/Albania/8GP40BUD">Albania</a>, Bosnia, <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a>, Kosovo, <a href="/facts/North_Macedonia/YpfcC5DA">North Macedonia</a>, and Turkey boycotted the award ceremony.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"All Nobel Prizes 2019". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-09. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/all-nobel-prizes-2019/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/all-nobel-prizes-2019/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Fitzpatrick, Alex (2019-10-07). "Here Are All the 2019 Nobel Prize Winners". TIME. Retrieved 2024-12-09. <a href="https://time.com/5694094/nobel-prize-winners-2019/" target="_blank">https://time.com/5694094/nobel-prize-winners-2019/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The Nobel Peace Prize 2019". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-09. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/award-video/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/award-video/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Peluchetti, Nicola (2019-12-10). "Video - The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 2019". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-09. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremony-2019/#:~:text=The%20Nobel%20Prize%20award%20ceremony%20takes%20place%20at%20the%20Stockholm,anniversary%20of%20Alfred%20Nobel's%20death." target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremony-2019/#:~:text=The%20Nobel%20Prize%20award%20ceremony%20takes%20place%20at%20the%20Stockholm,anniversary%20of%20Alfred%20Nobel's%20death.</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/summary/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/summary/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/press-release/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/press-release/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 2019-10-07. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/summary/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/summary/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2019-09-26. Retrieved 2019-10-10. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2019/summary/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2019/summary/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"The Nobel Peace Prize 2019". The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 2019-10-19. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/summary" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/summary</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2020-05-21. Retrieved 2021-10-07. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/summary/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/summary/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Spurgeon, Susanna. "Chemistry Nobel Goes to Lithium Battery Scientists, Omits Rachid Yazami". www.moroccoworldnews.com. Retrieved 2024-12-09. <a href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284390/chemistry-nobel-lithium-battery-scientists-rachid-yazami" target="_blank">https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284390/chemistry-nobel-lithium-battery-scientists-rachid-yazami</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Flood, Allison (6 December 2019). "'Ignorant questions': Nobel winner Peter Handke refuses to address controversy". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/06/peter-handke-questions-nobel-prize-literature-milosevic" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/06/peter-handke-questions-nobel-prize-literature-milosevic</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Cain, Sian (10 October 2019). "'A troubling choice': authors criticise Peter Handke's controversial Nobel win". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/troubling-choice-authors-criticise-peter-handke-controversial-nobel-win" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/troubling-choice-authors-criticise-peter-handke-controversial-nobel-win</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Cain, Sian (10 October 2019). "'A troubling choice': authors criticise Peter Handke's controversial Nobel win". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/troubling-choice-authors-criticise-peter-handke-controversial-nobel-win" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/troubling-choice-authors-criticise-peter-handke-controversial-nobel-win</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Slavoj Žižek, Salman Rushdie, američki i britanski P.E.N. osudili izbor Petera Handkea, austrijski predsjednik Alexander Van der Bellen smatra da 'imamo još puno toga naučiti od Handkea'". slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). Slobodna Dalmacija. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/kultura/slavoj-zizek-nbsp-salman-rushdie-americki-i-britanski-p-e-n-osudili-izbor-petera-handkea-austrijski-predsjednik-strong-strong-alexander-van-der-bellen-smatra-da-39-imamo-jos-puno-toga-nauciti-od-handkea-39-627595" target="_blank">https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/kultura/slavoj-zizek-nbsp-salman-rushdie-americki-i-britanski-p-e-n-osudili-izbor-petera-handkea-austrijski-predsjednik-strong-strong-alexander-van-der-bellen-smatra-da-39-imamo-jos-puno-toga-nauciti-od-handkea-39-627595</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Outrage in Bosnia, Kosovo over Peter Handke's Nobel prize win". Al Jazeera. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/outrage-bosnia-kosovo-peter-handke-nobel-prize-win-191010183645296.html" target="_blank">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/outrage-bosnia-kosovo-peter-handke-nobel-prize-win-191010183645296.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Deborah E. Lipstadt (18 October 2019). "Opinion – Peter Handke, an Undeserving Nobel Laureate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="/wiki/Deborah_E._Lipstadt" target="_blank">/wiki/Deborah_E._Lipstadt</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Outrage in Bosnia, Kosovo over Peter Handke's Nobel prize win". Al Jazeera. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/outrage-bosnia-kosovo-peter-handke-nobel-prize-win-191010183645296.html" target="_blank">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/outrage-bosnia-kosovo-peter-handke-nobel-prize-win-191010183645296.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Kosovo to boycott Nobel ceremony over Handke's literature prize". Al Jazeera. 7 December 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/kosovo-boycott-nobel-ceremony-handke-literature-prize-191207143607923.html" target="_blank">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/kosovo-boycott-nobel-ceremony-handke-literature-prize-191207143607923.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Nobel-winning author Handke declared 'persona non grata' in Sarajevo". Reuters. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2022. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-handke-ban/nobel-winning-author-handke-declared-persona-non-grata-in-sarajevo-idUSKBN1YF1Y8" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-handke-ban/nobel-winning-author-handke-declared-persona-non-grata-in-sarajevo-idUSKBN1YF1Y8</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>