Disrupted planet

<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<h3>Planets</h3>
<p>Examples of planets, or their related remnants, considered to have been a disrupted planet, or part of such a planet, include:  <a href="/facts/%25E2%2580%2598Oumuamua/80k8yRzE">‘Oumuamua</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/WD_1145%252B017_b/omAvqK4l">WD 1145+017 b</a>, as well as <a href="/facts/Asteroid/g7Ulr1VB">asteroids</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Hot_Jupiter/9wSFCuxk">hot Jupiters</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> and those that are <a href="/facts/Hypothetical_planet/wAPar58e">hypothetical planets</a>, like <a href="/facts/Fifth_planet_(hypothetical)/tpy6s2Qs">Fifth planet</a>, <a href="/facts/Phaeton_(hypothetical_planet)/eVy1XPXX">Phaeton</a>, <a href="/facts/Planet_V/btRyUhRe">Planet V</a>  and <a href="/facts/Theia_(planet)/wNcb6LB9">Theia</a>. Planets can also be disrupted by black holes; one example involves a "Jupiter-like object" being subject to a <a href="/facts/Tidal_disruption_event/mvWCwo4l">tidal disruption event</a> by the supermassive black hole IGR J12580+0134, at the center of the galaxy <a href="/facts/NGC_4845/x89t6Vlg">NGC 4845</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a>
</p>
<h3>Stars</h3>
<p>Examples of parent stars considered to have disrupted a planet include: <a href="/facts/EPIC_204278916/rqvvgmhy">EPIC 204278916</a>, Tabby's Star (KIC 8462852), <a href="/facts/PDS_110/YbVChc57">PDS 110</a>, <a href="/facts/RZ_Piscium/AbXRMVlf">RZ Piscium</a>, <a href="/facts/WD_1145%252B017/XGlbLMkR">WD 1145+017</a> and <a href="/facts/47_Ursae_Majoris/usrY85u1">47 Ursae Majoris</a>.
</p>

<h2 id="tabbys-star-light-curve">Tabby's Star light curve</h2>
<p><a href="/facts/Tabby%2527s_Star/AgbWCgam">Tabby's Star</a> (KIC 8462852) is an <a href="/facts/F-type_main-sequence_star/e8xcfI01">F-type main-sequence star</a> exhibiting unusual light fluctuations, including up to a 22% dimming in brightness.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these irregular changes, but none to date fully explain all aspects of the curve. One explanation is that an "<a href="/facts/KIC_8462852/AgbWCgam">uneven ring of dust</a>" orbits Tabby's Star.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> However, in September 2019, astronomers reported that the observed dimmings of Tabby's Star may have been produced by fragments resulting from the disruption of an orphaned <a href="/facts/Exomoon/v8ncCW28">exomoon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a>
</p>
 Consolidated plot of all known dimmings (as of 1 March 2020)

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Dwarf_planet/IkQoCdwD">Former dwarf planets</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Asteroid_belt/YHAq2Eh3">Asteroid belt</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/BD%252B20%25C2%25B0307/32dlP1ee">BD+20°307</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System/cgElXHpM">Formation and evolution of the Solar System</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Giant-impact_hypothesis/x2cw2Xxn">Giant-impact hypothesis</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Interstellar_medium/mokU0WEz">Interstellar medium</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_stars_that_have_unusual_dimming_periods/lVvyo95b">List of stars that have unusual dimming periods</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nebular_hypothesis/IT3D6MpE">Nebular hypothesis</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Planetesimal/PK60dofs">Planetesimal</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Protoplanetary_disk/FtfSbP61">Protoplanetary disk</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Tidal_force/GJgxo7gp">Tidal force</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/WD_0145%252B234/BLNKKqSe">WD 0145+234</a> (star disrupting an exoasteroid)</li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Wallace Gary Ernst (1990). <a href="https://archive.org/details/dynamicplanet0000erns"><i>The Dynamic Planet</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/dynamicplanet0000erns/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-231-07231-1.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Michael_Woolfson/RmAVG1Hq">Michael M. Woolfson</a> (2000). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KantSzMGPSkC&pg=PA316"><i>The Origin and Evolution of the Solar System</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-4200-3335-9.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/wd_1145_017_b--2456/">NASA – WD 1145+017 b</a> at <a href="/facts/Extrasolar_Planets_Encyclopaedia/5xxGCLkJ">The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gypAjPp6eps">Video (13:46) − "Tabby's Star"</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a>, a presentation by <a href="/facts/Tabetha_S._Boyajian/FLpK4vXz">Tabetha S. Boyajian</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVCpBr3fxdE">Video (31:00) − "Tabby's Star"</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a>, a presentation by Issac Arthur.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nf2oc6nMsn4">Video (01:00) − RZ Piscium</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a>, star with unusual light fluctuations (21 December 2017).</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Staff (22 December 2017). "Young Star RZ Piscium is 'Eating' Its Own Planets, Astronomers Say". Sci-News.com. Retrieved 23 December 2017. <a href="http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/young-star-rz-piscium-eating-planets-05561.html" target="_blank">http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/young-star-rz-piscium-eating-planets-05561.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Fryling, Kevin (21 December 2017). "IU astronomer's analysis helps discover that a star in the constellation Pisces is a 'planet-eater'". Indiana University. Retrieved 23 December 2017. <a href="https://news.iu.edu/stories/2017/12/iub/21-science-planet-eating-star.html" target="_blank">https://news.iu.edu/stories/2017/12/iub/21-science-planet-eating-star.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Staff (22 December 2017). "Young Star RZ Piscium is 'Eating' Its Own Planets, Astronomers Say". Sci-News.com. Retrieved 23 December 2017. <a href="http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/young-star-rz-piscium-eating-planets-05561.html" target="_blank">http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/young-star-rz-piscium-eating-planets-05561.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Fryling, Kevin (21 December 2017). "IU astronomer's analysis helps discover that a star in the constellation Pisces is a 'planet-eater'". Indiana University. Retrieved 23 December 2017. <a href="https://news.iu.edu/stories/2017/12/iub/21-science-planet-eating-star.html" target="_blank">https://news.iu.edu/stories/2017/12/iub/21-science-planet-eating-star.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Starr, Michelle (28 March 2020). "Necroplanetology: The Strangest Field of Astronomy You've Never Heard Of". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/necroplanetology-the-study-of-planets-dismembered-remains" target="_blank">https://www.sciencealert.com/necroplanetology-the-study-of-planets-dismembered-remains</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Duvvuri, Girish M.; Redfield, Seth; Veras, Dimitri (18 March 2020). "Necroplanetology: Simulating the Tidal Disruption of Differentiated Planetary Material Orbiting WD 1145+017". The Astrophysical Journal. 893 (2): 166. arXiv:2003.08410. Bibcode:2020ApJ...893..166D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7fa0. S2CID 213004256. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7fa0" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7fa0</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Punzi, K. M.; Kastner, J. H.; Melis, C.; Zuckerman, B.; Pilachowski, C.; Gingerich, L.; Knapp, T. (21 December 2017). "Is the Young Star RZ Piscium Consuming Its Own (Planetary) Offspring?". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1): 33. arXiv:1712.08962. Bibcode:2018AJ....155...33P. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9524. S2CID 119530135. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9524" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9524</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Starr, Michelle (28 March 2020). "Necroplanetology: The Strangest Field of Astronomy You've Never Heard Of". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/necroplanetology-the-study-of-planets-dismembered-remains" target="_blank">https://www.sciencealert.com/necroplanetology-the-study-of-planets-dismembered-remains</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>Duvvuri, Girish M.; Redfield, Seth; Veras, Dimitri (18 March 2020). "Necroplanetology: Simulating the Tidal Disruption of Differentiated Planetary Material Orbiting WD 1145+017". The Astrophysical Journal. 893 (2): 166. arXiv:2003.08410. Bibcode:2020ApJ...893..166D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7fa0. S2CID 213004256. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7fa0" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7fa0</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:10"><p>Farihi, J.; Jura, M.; Zuckerman, B. (10 March 2009). "Infrared Signatures of Disrupted Minor Planets at White Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 694 (2): 805–819. arXiv:0901.0973. Bibcode:2009ApJ...694..805F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/805. S2CID 14171378. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:11"><p>Punzi, K. M.; Kastner, J. H.; Melis, C.; Zuckerman, B.; Pilachowski, C.; Gingerich, L.; Knapp, T. (21 December 2017). "Is the Young Star RZ Piscium Consuming Its Own (Planetary) Offspring?". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1): 33. arXiv:1712.08962. Bibcode:2018AJ....155...33P. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9524. S2CID 119530135. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9524" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9524</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:12"><p>Landau, Elizabeth (4 October 2017). "Mysterious Dimming of Tabby's Star May Be Caused by Dust". NASA. Retrieved 23 December 2017. <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6963" target="_blank">https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6963</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:13"><p>Meng, Huan Y.A.; et al. (3 October 2017). "Extinction and the Dimming of KIC 8462852". The Astrophysical Journal. 847 (2): 131. arXiv:1708.07556. Bibcode:2017ApJ...847..131M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa899c. S2CID 118875846. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faa899c" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faa899c</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:14"><p>Tabor, Abby (5 October 2017). "The scientific quest to explain Kepler's most enigmatic find". Phys.org. Retrieved 23 December 2017. <a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-10-scientific-quest-kepler-enigmatic.html" target="_blank">https://phys.org/news/2017-10-scientific-quest-kepler-enigmatic.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:15"><p>Ćuk, Matija (2017). "1I/ʻOumuamua as a Tidal Disruption Fragment From a Binary Star System". The Astrophysical Journal. 852 (1): L15. arXiv:1712.01823. Bibcode:2018ApJ...852L..15C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa3db. S2CID 54959652. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Faaa3db" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Faaa3db</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:16"><p>Soter, Steven (2006). "What is a Planet?". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (6): 2513–2519. arXiv:astro-ph/0608359. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2513S. doi:10.1086/508861. S2CID 14676169. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:17"><p>Nayakshin, Sergei (20 September 2011). "Hot Super Earths: disrupted young jupiters?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 416 (4): 2974–2980. arXiv:1103.1846. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.416.2974N. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19246.x. S2CID 53960650. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2011.19246.x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2011.19246.x</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:18"><p>Lei, Wei-Hua; Yuan, Qiang; Zhang, Bing; Wang, Daniel (1 January 2016). "Igr J12580+0134: The First Tidal Disruption Event with an Off-Beam Relativistic Jet". The Astrophysical Journal. 816 (1): 20. arXiv:1511.01206. Bibcode:2016ApJ...816...20L. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/816/1/20. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F816%2F1%2F20" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F816%2F1%2F20</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:19"><p>Boyajian, T. S.; LaCourse, D. M.; Rappaport, S. A.; Fabrycky, D.; Fischer, D. A.; Gandolfi, D.; Kennedy, G. M.; Korhonen, H.; Liu, M. C. (27 January 2016). "Planet Hunters IX. KIC 8462852 – where's the flux?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 457 (4): 3988–4004. arXiv:1509.03622. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.457.3988B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw218. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54859232. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/457/4/3988/2589003?redirectedFrom=fulltext" target="_blank">https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/457/4/3988/2589003?redirectedFrom=fulltext</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:20"><p>"Mysterious Dimming of Tabby's Star May Be Caused by Dust". NASA/JPL. Retrieved 13 November 2018. <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6963" target="_blank">https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6963</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:21"><p>Boyajian, Tabetha S.; Alonso, Roi; Ammerman, Alex; Armstrong, David; Ramos, A. Asensio; Barkaoui, K.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Benni, Paul (19 January 2018). "The First Post-Kepler Brightness Dips of KIC 8462852". The Astrophysical Journal. 853 (1): L8. arXiv:1801.00732. Bibcode:2018ApJ...853L...8B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa405. ISSN 2041-8213. S2CID 215751718. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Faaa405" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Faaa405</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:22"><p>Columbia University (16 September 2019). "New observations help explain the dimming of Tabby's Star". Phys.org. Retrieved 16 September 2019. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" target="_blank">/wiki/Columbia_University</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:23"><p>Marinez, Miquel; Stone, Nicholas C.; Metzger, Brian D. (5 September 2019). "Orphaned Exomoons: Tidal Detachment and Evaporation Following an Exoplanet-Star Collision". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 489 (4): 5119–5135. arXiv:1906.08788. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.489.5119M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2464. S2CID 195316956. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstz2464" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstz2464</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Disrupted planet open-in-new

Disrupted planet