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Kula, Manisa
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Suleiman_of_Germiyan/yJHtyYQJ">Suleiman</a>, the ruler of <a href="/facts/Germiyan_dynasty/nVGurA3r">Germiyan</a> (r. 1361–87), relocated his capital from <a href="/facts/K%25C3%25BCtahya/jeYnzrmx">Kütahya</a> to Kula after granting the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottomans</a> control of much of his realm, as part of the <a href="/facts/Dowry/YGfNV0Xy">dowry</a> payment for the marriage of his daughter <a href="/facts/Devlet%25C5%259Fah_Hatun/VTvDDULp">Devletşah Hatun</a> with the Ottoman prince and future sultan <a href="/facts/Bayezid_I/pTaqEd7H">Bayezid I</a> (r. 1389–1402).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>From 1867 until 1922, Kula was part of the <a href="/facts/Aidin_Vilayet/njPFrrxp">Aidin Vilayet</a> of the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman Empire</a>. Until at least 1923, the town was inhabited by a mixed population of <a href="/facts/Christians/15hE11VR">Christians</a> and <a href="/facts/Muslims/W2ukq4pg">Muslims</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The Christian population was composed of <a href="/facts/Turkification/Bd3K0zeJ">Turkified</a> descendants of the original <a href="/facts/Greeks/wXwd2xlb">Greek</a> inhabitants of the town, as well as by more recent immigrants from <a href="/facts/Samos/bBJufQRK">Samos</a> and other <a href="/facts/Aegean_Islands/bkgxgMqc">Aegean islands</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="composition">Composition</h2> <p>There are 60 <a href="/facts/Mahalle/Twl6M0fS">neighbourhoods</a> in Kula District:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Ahmetli</li> <li>Akgün</li> <li>Aktaş</li> <li>Ayazören</li> <li>Ayvatlar</li> <li>Balıbey</li> <li>Başıbüyük</li> <li>Battalmustafa</li> <li>Bayramşah</li> <li>Bebekli</li> <li>Bey</li> <li>Börtlüce</li> <li>Camicedit</li> <li>Çarıkballı</li> <li>Çarıkmahmutlu</li> <li>Çiftçiibrahim</li> <li>Dereköy</li> <li>Dört Eylül</li> <li>Emre</li> <li>Encekler</li> <li>Erenbağı</li> <li>Eroğlu</li> <li>Esenyazı</li> <li>Evciler</li> <li><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25B6k%25C3%25A7e%25C3%25B6ren%2c_Kula/zY97Jhxe">Gökçeören</a></li> <li>Gökdere</li> <li>Gölbaşı</li> <li>Güvercinlik</li> <li>Hacıtufan</li> <li>Hamidiye</li> <li>Hayalli</li> <li>İbrahimağa</li> <li>İncesu</li> <li>Kalınharman</li> <li>Karaoba</li> <li>Kavacık</li> <li>Kenger</li> <li>Kızılkaya</li> <li>Konurca</li> <li>Körez</li> <li>Narıncalıpıtrak</li> <li>Narıncalısüleyman</li> <li>Ortaköy</li> <li>Papuçlu</li> <li>Sandal</li> <li>Saraçlar</li> <li>Sarnıçköy</li> <li>Şehitlioğlu</li> <li>Şeremet</li> <li>Şeritli</li> <li>Şeyhli</li> <li>Seyitali</li> <li>Söğütdere</li> <li>Tatlıçeşme</li> <li>Topuzdamları</li> <li>Yağbastı</li> <li>Yeniköy</li> <li>Yeşilyayla</li> <li>Yurtbaşı</li> <li>Zaferiye</li></ul> <h2 id="economy">Economy</h2> <p>As of 1920, Kula's main industry was <a href="/facts/Carpet/jk5KChqb">carpet</a> making.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="yankyre-volcanic-rock-formations">Yanıkyöre volcanic rock formations</h2> <p>The district is renowned for the cone-shaped <a href="/facts/Volcanic_rock/ID3oPwtM">volcanic rock</a> formations, numbering at about eighty, in the nearby Yanıkyöre (literally <i>the burnt land</i>) area, also sometimes still referred to, including in Turkey, under the <a href="/facts/Greek_language/pzDd6eIz">Greek</a> name of <i><a href="/facts/Katakekaumene/MF0t4RYm">Katakekaumene</a></i>, which has the same meaning. Increasingly brought to the attention of a wider public in recent years as a natural curiosity, other recently coined terms to describe the area include "<a href="/facts/Cappadocia/Ik92oE2V">Cappadocia</a> of the <a href="/facts/Aegean_Region%2c_Turkey/tsWKTKPQ">Aegean Region, Turkey</a>" or even "Kuladocia". </p> <p><a href="/facts/Kula_Volcanic_Geopark/JJXu5wQc">Kula Volcanic Geopark</a> was accepted and certificated by <a href="/facts/UNESCO/QSbkRv3o">UNESCO</a> on 6 September 2013 at 37th UNESCO general conference in Naples. So that Kula Volcanic Geopark joined UNESCO Global Geopark Network. Also this patent became the first geopark of Turkey, 58th geopark in Europe, and 96th geopark in the world. </p><h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Kula_(volcano)/KuRJbdlt">Kula volcano</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Varlık, Mustafa Çetin (1974). <a href="https://archive.org/details/m.-c.-varlik-germiyan-ogullari-tarihi-1300-1429-1974./mode/2up"><i>Germiyan-oğulları tarihi (1300-1429)</i></a> (in Turkish). Ankara: Atatürk University Press. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6807984">6807984</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023. <a href="https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx" target="_blank">https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023. <a href="https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx" target="_blank">https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023. <a href="https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en" target="_blank">https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Kula, Turkey". Retrieved 6 October 2023. <a href="http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/45/Kula.html" target="_blank">http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/45/Kula.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Varlık 1974, p. 65. - Varlık, Mustafa Çetin (1974). Germiyan-oğulları tarihi (1300-1429) (in Turkish). Ankara: Atatürk University Press. OCLC 6807984. Retrieved 8 January 2024. <a href="https://archive.org/details/m.-c.-varlik-germiyan-ogullari-tarihi-1300-1429-1974./mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/m.-c.-varlik-germiyan-ogullari-tarihi-1300-1429-1974./mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Toynbee, Arnold (1923). The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilisations. Constable Publishing. p. 123. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p65DAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=p65DAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Toynbee, Arnold (1923). The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilisations. Constable Publishing. p. 123. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p65DAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=p65DAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023. <a href="https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx" target="_blank">https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 110. <a href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/110/" target="_blank">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/110/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>