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European Data Relay System
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<h2 id="purpose-and-context">Purpose and context</h2> <p>The designers intend the system to provide almost full-time communication, even with satellites in <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">low Earth orbit</a> that often have reduced visibility from ground stations. It makes on-demand data available to, for example, rescue workers who want near-real-time satellite data of a crisis region. </p><p>There are a number of key services that will benefit from this system's infrastructure: </p> <ul><li>Earth Observation applications in support of time-critical and/or data-intensive services; e.g., change detection, <a href="/facts/Environmental_monitoring/ScUSz2ga">environmental monitoring</a>.</li> <li>Government and security services that need images from key European space systems such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security.</li> <li>Emergency response and crisis intervention applications that need information and data over areas affected by natural or man-made disasters.</li> <li>Security forces that transmit data to Earth observation satellites, aircraft and unmanned aerial observation vehicles, to reconfigure such systems in real time.</li> <li>Weather satellite services that require the fast delivery of large quantities of data around the world.</li></ul> <p>The system has been developed as part of the <a href="/facts/ARTES/e7m1VD1a">ARTES</a> 7 programme and is intended to be an independent, European satellite system that reduces time delays in the transmission of large quantities of data. The programme is similar to the American <a href="/facts/Tracking_and_Data_Relay_Satellite_System/u01Poe4x">Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System</a> that was set up to support the Space Shuttle—but EDRS is using a new generation <a href="/facts/Laser_communication_terminal/V3lyvTxk">laser communication terminal</a> (LCT) which carries data at a much larger <a href="/facts/Bit_rate/ppUNMmVd">bit rate</a>: the laser terminal transmits 1.8 Gbit/s across 45,000 km (the distance of a LEO-GEO link),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> while the TDRSS provides ground reception rates of 600 Mbit/s in the <a href="/facts/S-band/MF3nveB7">S-band</a> and 800 Mbit/s in the <a href="/facts/Ku_band/czTuuqpT">Ku-</a> and <a href="/facts/Ka_band/YqDrokxy">Ka-bands</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>Such a terminal was successfully tested in 2007/8 during in-orbit verification between the German radar satellite <a href="/facts/TerraSAR-X/ya3a1sHe">TerraSAR-X</a> and the American <a href="/facts/Near_Field_Infrared_Experiment/ehKT8t5m">NFIRE</a> satellite, both in LEO, when it achieved 5.5 gigabits per second.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> A similar LCT was installed on the commercial telecommunication satellite <a href="/facts/Alphasat/CyjSstr9">Alphasat</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="network">Network</h2> <p>EDRS infrastructure consists of two geostationary optical payloads and a Ka band payload, a ground system consisting of a satellite control centre, a mission and operations centre, a feeder link ground station (FLGS), and four data ground stations. </p> <h3>Space segment</h3> <p>The first EDRS payload, EDRS-A, comprising a laser communication terminal and a <a href="/facts/Ka_band/YqDrokxy">Ka band</a> inter-satellite link, was placed on-board <a href="/facts/Eutelsat/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat</a> commercial telecommunication satellite, called Eutelsat 9B (COSPAR 2016-005A). The satellite was launched in January 2016 by a <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> rocket and will be positioned at 9°E.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>A second EDRS payload was launched aboard a dedicated spacecraft. The EDRS-C (COSPAR 2019-049A), which is also carrying a laser communication terminal, was launched on 6 August 2019<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> and will be positioned at 31°E.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The satellite also carries a payload meant for commercial communication satellite use, the <a href="/facts/HYLAS_3/w4lxJz9F">HYLAS 3</a> payload. Thus the satellite is sometimes referred to as EDRS-C/HYLAS 3 or something similar. </p><p>The EDRS A and C form the initial core <a href="/facts/Space_infrastructure/nVmsJkaS">space infrastructure</a> that provides direct coverage for LEO satellites over Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Poles. The initial plan was to develop two further spacecraft to complement the system from 2020 onwards, affording a complete coverage of the Earth and providing long-term system redundancy beyond 2030. </p> <h3>Ground segment</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Ground_segment/BpUfqhx9">ground segment</a> of EDRS includes three <a href="/facts/Ground_station/pvVfBAwg">ground receiving stations</a> located at Weilheim, Germany, Redu, Belgium and Harwell, UK. The prime <a href="/facts/Mission_Operations_Centre/RvXSH1AI">Mission Operations Centre</a> is in Ottobrunn, Germany, while a backup centre is installed in Redu, Belgium.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The EDRS-A payload as well as the EDRS-C satellite are operated by the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) of the <a href="/facts/German_Aerospace_Center/nIeKtKqd">German Aerospace Center</a> in Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich, Germany. </p> <h2 id="communications-functionality">Communications functionality</h2> <h2 id="operations">Operations</h2> <p>The first users for EDRS were the <a href="/facts/Sentinel_(satellite)/p83ntLvz">Sentinel-1 and -2 satellites</a> of the <a href="/facts/Copernicus_Programme/p83ntLvz">Copernicus Programme</a> (formerly the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security or GMES). The Sentinel satellites provide data for the operational provision of geo-information products and services throughout Europe and the globe. EDRS provides the data relay services for the Sentinel satellites since 2016, facilitating a rapid downlink of large volumes of data (including imagery, voice, and video).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="implementation">Implementation</h2> <p>EDRS is being implemented as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between the <a href="/facts/European_Space_Agency/L8YRNV0C">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) and <a href="/facts/Airbus_Defence_%2526_Space/nwu5qPRe">Airbus Defence & Space</a> (ADS, former Astrium).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> ESA funds the infrastructure development and is the anchor customer through the Sentinel satellite missions. ADS will carry the overall responsibility for the implementation of the space segment including launch, as well as the ground segment. ADS will then[<i>when?</i>] take over ownership of EDRS and will provide the data transmission services to ESA and customers worldwide. [<i>needs update</i>] </p><p>As of May 2023<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Data_Relay_System&action=edit">[update]</a>, EDRS has over one million minutes of communications<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> with more than 75,000 successful inter-satellite links.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Tracking_and_Data_Relay_Satellite_System/u01Poe4x">Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System</a>, of USA</li> <li><a href="/facts/Artemis_(satellite)/JFljdmBj">Artemis satellite</a> – Telecommunications satellite, 2005–2014</li> <li><a href="/facts/Laser_Communications_Relay_Demonstration/dC91CY4q">Laser Communications Relay Demonstration</a> – NASA payload launched in 2021</li> <li><a href="/facts/Indian_Data_Relay_Satellite_System/GVpdBcUk">Indian Data Relay Satellite System</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Data Relay System. <ul><li><a href="http://www.edrs-spacedatahighway.com">EDRS SpaceDataHighway</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512083736/http://www.esa.int/esaTE/SEM5GGKTYRF_index_0.html">EDRS at ESA website</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173055/http://www.imagingnotes.com/go/article_freeJ.php?mp_id=302">Redefining Satellite Data Transfer</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Ariane-5 VA249: Intelsat 39 / EDRS-C press kit" (PDF). Aug 2019. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/VA249-press-kit_EN.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/VA249-press-kit_EN.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Williams, Matt (26 Aug 2019). "The ISS Now Has Better Internet Than Most of Us After Its Latest Upgrade". ScienceAlert. Universe Today. Retrieved 2020-06-23. <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/the-iss-now-has-better-internet-than-most-of-us-after-its-latest-upgrade" target="_blank">https://www.sciencealert.com/the-iss-now-has-better-internet-than-most-of-us-after-its-latest-upgrade</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Two years of successful operation for Germany's TerraSAR-X, the Earth observation satellite DLR June 2009[permanent dead link] <a href="https://www.dlr.de/content/en/downloads/news-archive/2009/20090615_two-years-of-successful-operation-for-germany-s-terrasar-x-the-earth-observation-satellite_17874.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.dlr.de/content/en/downloads/news-archive/2009/20090615_two-years-of-successful-operation-for-germany-s-terrasar-x-the-earth-observation-satellite_17874.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Alphasat Archived 2009-12-23 at the Portuguese Web Archive <a href="http://telecom.esa.int/telecom/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=1138" target="_blank">http://telecom.esa.int/telecom/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=1138</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Lift-off for Europe's space laser network". bbc.com. 30 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35446894" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35446894</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>ILS to Launch Eutelsat 9B Satellite in 2015 <a href="http://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2014/01/16/ils-to-launch-eutelsat-9b-satellite-in-2015/" target="_blank">http://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2014/01/16/ils-to-launch-eutelsat-9b-satellite-in-2015/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Arianespace selected by Airbus Defence and Space to launch EDRS-C satellite". Arianespace. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-selected-by-airbus-defence-and-space-to-launch-edrs-c-satellite/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-selected-by-airbus-defence-and-space-to-launch-edrs-c-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Europe's EDRS-C/Hylas-3 satellite launch set for early 2018". Space Intel Report. 15 April 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017. <a href="https://www.spaceintelreport.com/europes-edrschylas3-satellite-launch-set-for-early-2018/" target="_blank">https://www.spaceintelreport.com/europes-edrschylas3-satellite-launch-set-for-early-2018/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Ariane-5 VA249: Intelsat 39 / EDRS-C press kit" (PDF). Aug 2019. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/VA249-press-kit_EN.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/VA249-press-kit_EN.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Hauschildt, Harald (2012). "European Data Relay System – one year to go!" (PDF). International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS). Retrieved 2015-09-07. <a href="http://icsos2014.nict.go.jp/contents/pdf/S1-3.pdf" target="_blank">http://icsos2014.nict.go.jp/contents/pdf/S1-3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>EDRS Operations Center <a href="http://www.esa.int/esaTE/SEMBNN7YBZG_index_0.html" target="_blank">http://www.esa.int/esaTE/SEMBNN7YBZG_index_0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"EDRS reached 1,000,000 minutes of communications!". Airbus. 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-05-04. <a href="https://securecommunications.airbus.com/en/news/edrs-is-reaching-1000000-minutes-of-communications" target="_blank">https://securecommunications.airbus.com/en/news/edrs-is-reaching-1000000-minutes-of-communications</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>EDRS: An independent data-relay system for Europe becoming reality <a href="http://www.esa.int/esaTE/SEMQD49U7TG_index_0.html" target="_blank">http://www.esa.int/esaTE/SEMQD49U7TG_index_0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"EDRS reached 1,000,000 minutes of communications!". Airbus. 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-05-04. <a href="https://securecommunications.airbus.com/en/news/edrs-is-reaching-1000000-minutes-of-communications" target="_blank">https://securecommunications.airbus.com/en/news/edrs-is-reaching-1000000-minutes-of-communications</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"SpaceDataHighway reaches milestone of 50,000 successful laser connections". Airbus. 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2023-05-04. <a href="https://securecommunications.airbus.com/en/news/spacedatahighway-reaches-milestone-of-50000-successful-laser-connections" target="_blank">https://securecommunications.airbus.com/en/news/spacedatahighway-reaches-milestone-of-50000-successful-laser-connections</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"AUTO-TDS: ENABLING LASER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS TO AUTO DETECT INCOMING LINKS, SECURING CONNECTION AND AUTO-ROUTING THE DATA". ResearchGate. 2022-09-18. Retrieved 2023-05-04. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364459515" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364459515</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Heine, Frank; Brzoska, Andrej; Gregory, Mark; Hiemstra, T.; Mahn, Robert; Pimentel, Patricia Martin; Zech, Herwig (2023-03-15). "Status on laser communication activities at Tesat-Spacecom". In Hemmati, Hamid; Robinson, Bryan S. (eds.). Free-Space Laser Communications XXXV. Vol. 12413. SPIE. pp. 83–93. Bibcode:2023SPIE12413E..0CH. doi:10.1117/12.2648425. ISBN 9781510659315. S2CID 257574400. <a href="9781510659315" target="_blank">9781510659315</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>