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Bismuth(III) iodide
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<h2 id="synthesis">Synthesis</h2> <p>Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> 2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3 <p>BiI3 can also be made by the reaction of <a href="/facts/Bismuth_oxide/CyL3482j">bismuth oxide</a> with aqueous <a href="/facts/Hydroiodic_acid/B5KQNSGA">hydroiodic acid</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l) <h2 id="reactions">Reactions</h2> <p>Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi3+ ions by adding a source of iodide such as <a href="/facts/Potassium_iodide/6023uFnx">potassium iodide</a>. A black <a href="/facts/Precipitation_(chemistry)/s3BgsLLY">precipitate</a> of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> 2 <a href="/facts/Sodium_iodide/wc8xz4D7">NaI</a> + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5] <p>Bismuth(III) iodide catalyzes the <a href="/facts/Mukaiyama_aldol_reaction/UzKe7pNh">Mukaiyama aldol reaction</a>. Bi(III) is also used in a <a href="/facts/Barbier_reaction/QjDsgIsl">Barbier</a> type allylation of carbonyl compounds in combination with a reducing agent such as <a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">zinc</a> or <a href="/facts/Magnesium/XyIhd2FG">magnesium</a>. </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Bismuth iodide", McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, McGraw-Hill, 2003, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/bismuth-iodide?cat=technology" target="_blank">http://www.answers.com/topic/bismuth-iodide?cat=technology</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920), The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, New York: Chemical Catalog Company, p. 107, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&q=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22&pg=PA107" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&q=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22&pg=PA107</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005), Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press, p. 40, ISBN 0-7487-7516-1, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="0-7487-7516-1" target="_blank">0-7487-7516-1</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002), Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press, pp. 122–6, ISBN 0-7487-6420-8, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="0-7487-6420-8" target="_blank">0-7487-6420-8</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Watt, George W.; Hakki, Wafai W.; Choppin, Gregory R. (1953). "Bismuth(III) Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 4. pp. 114–116. doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch38. ISBN 978-0-470-13163-3. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="978-0-470-13163-3" target="_blank">978-0-470-13163-3</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons, p. 76, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Erdmann" target="_blank">/wiki/Hugo_Erdmann</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. <a href="978-0-08-037941-8" target="_blank">978-0-08-037941-8</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press, p. 549, ISBN 0-8493-1573-5, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="0-8493-1573-5" target="_blank">0-8493-1573-5</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, pp. 168–70, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-19 <a href="0-7514-0389-X" target="_blank">0-7514-0389-X</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>