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Sodium pentaborate
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<h2 id="structure-and-preparation">Structure and preparation</h2> <h3>Dihydrate</h3> <p>Sodium pentaborate "dihydrate" has the elemental formula NaH4B5O10, which can be parsed as NaB5O8·2H2O or Na2O·5B3O3·4H2O, however the correct formula seems to be either Na+[B5O6(OH)4]− or Na+[B5O7(OH)2]−·H2O. The latter seems more likely, since under <a href="/facts/Thermogravimetric_analysis/t3hdEok7">thermogravimetric analysis</a> the material starts to decompose at about 130 °C with partial loss of water. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>It can be prepared by reacting water solutions of <a href="/facts/Sodium_carbonate/P6RHvIoK">sodium carbonate</a> Na2CO3 and <a href="/facts/Boric_acid/0so68XIK">boric acid</a> B(OH)3 in mole ratio 1:10 and evaporating the resulting solution at 40 °C. It belongs to the <a href="/facts/Monoclinic_crystal_system/5PCwXvzX">monoclinic crystal system</a> with <a href="/facts/Crystallographic_point_group/43NqYrf0">symmetry group</a> <i>P</i>21/c (C2h5) and <a href="/facts/Lattice_constant/h3gMKk6V">parameters</a> <i>a</i> = 1110.3 <a href="/facts/Picometre/Cb54mVBX">pm</a>, <i>b</i> = 1643.7 pm, <i>c</i> = 1356.4 pm, <i>α</i> = 89.960°, <i>β</i> = 112.850° and <i>γ</i> = 89.9°, formulas per cell <i>Z</i> = 4.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>S. Stella Mary, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, P. Mythili, R. Gopalakrishnan (2008): "Growth and characterization of sodium pentaborate [Na(H4B5O10)] single crystals". Spectrochimica Acta Part A, volume 71, issue 4, 15 pages 1311-1316. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2008.04.021 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>M. Briggs (2001): "Boron Oxides, Boric Acid, and Borates". Chapter of the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Aquabor 2 MSR". Product page in the Mineira Santa Rita company website. Accessed on 2022-06-27. <a href="https://santaritasrl.com/language/en/product/aquabor-2-msr-en/" target="_blank">https://santaritasrl.com/language/en/product/aquabor-2-msr-en/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Taha Cagri Senocak, Taha Alper Yilmaz, Hasan Feyzi Budak, Gokhan Gulten, Ahmet Melik Yilmaz, Kadri Vefa Ezirmik, Yasar Totikc (2022): "Influence of sodium pentaborate (B5H10NaO13) additive in plasma electrolytic oxidation process on WE43 magnesium alloys". Materials Today Communications, volume 30, article 103157. doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103157 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Solubor DF". Product page in the 20 Mule Team Borax company website. Accessed on 2022-06-27. <a href="https://agriculture.borax.com/USBorax/media/assets/product-data-sheets/solubor-df.pdf" target="_blank">https://agriculture.borax.com/USBorax/media/assets/product-data-sheets/solubor-df.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Solubor DF". Product page in the 20 Mule Team Borax company website. Accessed on 2022-06-27. <a href="https://agriculture.borax.com/USBorax/media/assets/product-data-sheets/solubor-df.pdf" target="_blank">https://agriculture.borax.com/USBorax/media/assets/product-data-sheets/solubor-df.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Aquabor 2 MSR". Product page in the Mineira Santa Rita company website. Accessed on 2022-06-27. <a href="https://santaritasrl.com/language/en/product/aquabor-2-msr-en/" target="_blank">https://santaritasrl.com/language/en/product/aquabor-2-msr-en/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Taha Cagri Senocak, Taha Alper Yilmaz, Hasan Feyzi Budak, Gokhan Gulten, Ahmet Melik Yilmaz, Kadri Vefa Ezirmik, Yasar Totikc (2022): "Influence of sodium pentaborate (B5H10NaO13) additive in plasma electrolytic oxidation process on WE43 magnesium alloys". Materials Today Communications, volume 30, article 103157. doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103157 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>AmerGen Energy Company. "LICENSE RENEWAL APPLICATION OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION" (PDF): 2.3–207. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) <a href="https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0520/ML052080185.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0520/ML052080185.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Silvio Menchetti and Cesare Sabelli (1977): "The crystal structure of synthetic sodium pentaborate monohydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B, volume B33, pages 3730-3733. doi:10.1107/S0567740877011959 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>S. Stella Mary, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, P. Mythili, R. Gopalakrishnan (2008): "Growth and characterization of sodium pentaborate [Na(H4B5O10)] single crystals". Spectrochimica Acta Part A, volume 71, issue 4, 15 pages 1311-1316. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2008.04.021 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>S. Stella Mary, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, P. Mythili, R. Gopalakrishnan (2008): "Growth and characterization of sodium pentaborate [Na(H4B5O10)] single crystals". Spectrochimica Acta Part A, volume 71, issue 4, 15 pages 1311-1316. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2008.04.021 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>