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<h2 id="satellites">Satellites</h2> <h3>RISAT 2</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/RISAT-2/IsxVsfL6">RISAT-2</a></p> <p>RISAT-2 was the last of the RISAT series to reach orbit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> It was launched successfully on 20 April 2009 at 0015 hours GMT by a <a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a> rocket. The 300-kg satellite was built by ISRO using a X-band SAR manufactured by IAI.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>This satellite was fast tracked in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> The satellite will be used for border surveillance, to deter insurgent infiltration and for anti-terrorist operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> It is likely to be placed under the <a href="/facts/Indian_Air_Force/XbNJ5qcp">Aerospace Command</a> of the <a href="/facts/Indian_Air_Force/XbNJ5qcp">Indian Air Force</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>No details of the technical specifications of RISAT-2 have been published. However, it is likely to have a spatial resolution of about a metre or so. Ship detection algorithms for radar satellites of this class are well-known and available. The satellite also has applications in the area of disaster management and agriculture-related activities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h3>RISAT 1</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/RISAT-1/Gorq441P">RISAT-1</a></p> <p>RISAT-1 was an indigenously developed radar imaging satellite successfully launched by a PSLV-XL rocket on 26 April 2012 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Shriharikota. RISAT-1 was postponed in order to prioritize the building and launch of RISAT-2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>The features of RISAT-1 include: </p> <ul><li>160 x 4 Mbit/s data handling system</li> <li>50 Newton-meter-second reaction wheels</li> <li>SAR antenna deployment mechanism</li> <li>Phased array antenna with dual polarisation</li></ul> <h3>RISAT 2B</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/RISAT-2B/yeEcQKdj">RISAT-2B</a></p> <p><a href="/facts/RISAT-2B_satellite/yeEcQKdj">RISAT-2B</a> is an indigenously developed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging satellite operating in X Band with 3.6 m radial rib antenna.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> It was launched by PSLV C46 (Core Alone) on 22 May 2019 at 0000 (UTC) from First Launch Pad of SDSC (SHAR).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>The satellite has the capability to operate in different modes including Very High Resolution RADAR imaging modes of 1m × 0.5m resolution and 0.5m × 0.3m resolution. RISAT-2B is placed in an inclined orbit for better revisit rates over area of interest. Being Radar Imaging satellite, it can image during day / night / all weather conditions. The Satellite will be utilized for high resolution spot imaging of locations of interest.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Mass: 615 kg<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li>Orbit: 557 km (circular) at inclination of 37°<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li>Mission life: 5 years<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>RISAT 2BR1</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/RISAT-2BR1/rtTzB9Tf">RISAT-2BR1</a></p> <p>RISAT-2BR1 is an Indian radar reconnaissance satellite that is part of India's RISAT programme and the fourth satellite in the series. It is built by <a href="/facts/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation/CdAoFQTL">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> (ISRO). It was launched on 11 December 2019 at 3:25 PM IST on board PSLV rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>The satellite has resolution of 0.35 meters by which two objects separated by distance of 0.35 metres can be distinctly identified. The mission duration is planned to be 5 years. It is the 50th launch of <a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</a> and 75th launch from <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Mass: 628 kg<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Orbit: 560 km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li>Mission life : 5 years<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="list-of-risat-satellite">List of RISAT Satellite</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Designation</th><th>Resolution (in meters)</th><th><a href="/facts/COSPAR_ID/AwfuQFUY">COSPAR ID</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Satellite_Catalog_Number/14wHsDDp">NORAD ID</a></th><th>Power</th><th>Launch date, Time (UTC)</th><th>Launch mass</th><th>Launch vehicle</th><th>Launch site</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/RISAT-1/Gorq441P">RISAT-1</a></td><td>1</td><td>2012-017A</td><td>38248</td><td>2200 watts <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td>26 April 2012, 00:17</td><td>1,858 kg (4,096 lb)</td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-XL -C19</td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a>, <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td>Equipped with indigenous <a href="/facts/Synthetic_Aperture_Radar/MJbDGvTh">SAR</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/RISAT-1A/kDqX56HT">EOS-4/RISAT-1A</a></td><td></td><td>2022-013A</td><td>51656</td><td>2280 watts<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td>14 February 2022, 00:29<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td>1,710 kg (3,770 lb)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-XL <a href="/facts/PSLV-C52/h2thN9Nd">C52</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a>, <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EOS-09/RISAT-1B</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Q1 2025</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV-XL/KantsJM7">PSLV-XL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/RISAT-2/IsxVsfL6">RISAT-2</a></td><td>Unknown</td><td>2009-019A</td><td>34807</td><td></td><td>20 April 2009, 01:15</td><td>300 kg (660 lb)</td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-CA -C12</td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a>, <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_Second_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">SLP</a></td><td>Equipped with Israeli <a href="/facts/Synthetic_Aperture_Radar/MJbDGvTh">SAR</a> similar to that in <a href="/facts/TecSAR/wrEAqbyS">TecSAR</a>.</td></tr><tr><td>RISAT-2A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2024-25</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV-XL/KantsJM7">PSLV-XL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/RISAT-2B/yeEcQKdj">RISAT-2B</a></td><td>0.5 x 0.3</td><td>2019-028A</td><td>44233</td><td></td><td>22 May 2019, 00:00</td><td>615 kg (1,356 lb)</td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-CA -C46</td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a>, <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/RISAT-2BR1/rtTzB9Tf">RISAT-2BR1</a></td><td>0.35</td><td>2019-089F</td><td>44857</td><td></td><td>11 December 2019, 09:55</td><td>628 kg (1,385 lb)</td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-QL -C48</td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a>, <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/EOS-01/XwmV23Ag">EOS-01</a>/RISAT-2BR2</td><td></td><td>2020-081A</td><td>46905</td><td></td><td>7 November 2020, 09:41</td><td>630 kg (1,390 lb)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-DL -C49</td><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">SDSC</a>, <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cartosat/HKy0Fjzd">Cartosat</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation/CdAoFQTL">Indian Space Research Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/NISAR/mwTIRBWq">NISAR</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Risat-2 Launched". ASM. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424210905/http://www.asmmag.com/news/risat-2-launched" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090424210905/http://www.asmmag.com/news/risat-2-launched</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"India to launch Israel-backed satellite". CNN. 21 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/03/21/india.satellite/" target="_blank">http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/03/21/india.satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Home". iai.co.il. <a href="http://www.iai.co.il/" target="_blank">http://www.iai.co.il/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"India set to launch imaging satellite with Israeli support". European Association of Remote Sensing Companies. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2023. <a href="https://earsc.org/2009/03/23/india-set-to-launch-imaging-satellite-with-israeli-support/" target="_blank">https://earsc.org/2009/03/23/india-set-to-launch-imaging-satellite-with-israeli-support/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"The difference between Risat-1 and Risat-2". ASM. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100912231400/http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-to-launch-risat" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100912231400/http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-to-launch-risat</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"India to launch spy satellite on April 20". The Times Of India. 8 April 2009. <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4374544.cms" target="_blank">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4374544.cms</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Indian Air Force to have independent satellite by 2010 _English_Xinhua". Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216113933/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-02/13/content_10815093.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090216113933/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-02/13/content_10815093.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"India to launch spy satellite on April 20". The Times Of India. 8 April 2009. <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4374544.cms" target="_blank">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4374544.cms</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"RISAT-2: Spy in the Sky". SP's Aviation. Retrieved 29 April 2023. <a href="https://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=279" target="_blank">https://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=279</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"The difference between Risat-1 and Risat-2". ASM. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100912231400/http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-to-launch-risat" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100912231400/http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-to-launch-risat</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"ISRO's New Satellite Could See Through Even Cloudy Sky". Indo Daily. 7 November 2008. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520224119/http://www.indodaily.com/reports/ISRO_New_Satellite_Could_See_Through_Even_Cloudy_Sky_999.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110520224119/http://www.indodaily.com/reports/ISRO_New_Satellite_Could_See_Through_Even_Cloudy_Sky_999.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Launch Info Archived 2009-05-22 at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.spacemart.com/reports/RISAT_Is_A_Home_Grown_Satellite_999.html" target="_blank">http://www.spacemart.com/reports/RISAT_Is_A_Home_Grown_Satellite_999.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Earth Observation System". ISRO. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010150300/http://www.isro.gov.in/rep2005/EOS.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20081010150300/http://www.isro.gov.in/rep2005/EOS.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"RISAT-2B: Radial Rib Antenna - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529104039/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/risat-2b-radial-rib-antenna" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190529104039/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/risat-2b-radial-rib-antenna</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"PSLV-C46 successfully launches RISAT-2B - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528045558/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190528045558/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1531 : Earth Observation satellite RISAT-2B" (PDF). 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="http://164.100.158.235/question/annex/249/Au1531.pdf" target="_blank">http://164.100.158.235/question/annex/249/Au1531.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Earth Observation Satellite RISAT-2B". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=191250" target="_blank">http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=191250</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"PSLV-C46/RISAT-2B press kit" (PDF). 17 May 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214225900/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c46_risat2b_launch_kit/PSLV-C46_RISAT2B_launch_kit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C46%20RISAT2B%20launch%20kit.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201214225900/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c46_risat2b_launch_kit/PSLV-C46_RISAT2B_launch_kit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C46%20RISAT2B%20launch%20kit.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"PSLV-C46/RISAT-2B press kit" (PDF). 17 May 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214225900/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c46_risat2b_launch_kit/PSLV-C46_RISAT2B_launch_kit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C46%20RISAT2B%20launch%20kit.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201214225900/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c46_risat2b_launch_kit/PSLV-C46_RISAT2B_launch_kit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C46%20RISAT2B%20launch%20kit.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"PSLV-C46/RISAT-2B press kit" (PDF). 17 May 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214225900/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c46_risat2b_launch_kit/PSLV-C46_RISAT2B_launch_kit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C46%20RISAT2B%20launch%20kit.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201214225900/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c46_risat2b_launch_kit/PSLV-C46_RISAT2B_launch_kit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C46%20RISAT2B%20launch%20kit.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"ISRO's RISAT-2BR1, 9 Other Foreign Satellites Blast Off from Sriharikota". www-news18-com.cdn.ampproject.org. Retrieved 11 December 2019. <a href="https://www-news18-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.news18.com/amp/news/india/with-few-hours-left-for-launch-of-isros-risat-2br1-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-spy-satellite-2419867.html?usqp=mq331AQCKAE=&_js_v=0.1" target="_blank">https://www-news18-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.news18.com/amp/news/india/with-few-hours-left-for-launch-of-isros-risat-2br1-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-spy-satellite-2419867.html?usqp=mq331AQCKAE=&_js_v=0.1</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Singh, Surendra (3 December 2019). "Isro to launch another 'eye in the sky' Risat-2BR1 on December 11, will help boost border surveillance". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 December 2019. <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-another-eye-in-the-sky-risat-2br1-on-dec-11-will-help-boost-border-surveillance/articleshow/72340281.cms" target="_blank">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-another-eye-in-the-sky-risat-2br1-on-dec-11-will-help-boost-border-surveillance/articleshow/72340281.cms</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>IANS (3 December 2019). "ISRO to launch border surveillance satellite Risat-2BR1 on Dec 11". Business Standard India. Retrieved 11 December 2019. <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/isro-to-launch-border-surveillance-satellite-risat-2br1-on-dec-11-119120301040_1.html" target="_blank">https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/isro-to-launch-border-surveillance-satellite-risat-2br1-on-dec-11-119120301040_1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Singh, Surendra (3 December 2019). "Isro to launch another 'eye in the sky' Risat-2BR1 on December 11, will help boost border surveillance". The Times of India. 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