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Chrysin
open-in-new
<h2 id="occurrence">Occurrence</h2> <p>A component in various <a href="/facts/Medicinal_plants/KUvkVQ8q">medicinal plants</a> (e.g. <i><a href="/facts/Scutellaria_baicalensis/IfFDV2tF">Scutellaria baicalensis</a></i>), chrysin is a <a href="/facts/Dihydroxyflavone/bE57V3wY">dihydroxyflavone</a>, a type of <a href="/facts/Flavonoid/J7FEAtLE">flavonoid</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> It is also found in <a href="/facts/Honey/jnRSlNEF">honey</a>, <a href="/facts/Propolis/BDep0Vyk">propolis</a>, the <a href="/facts/Passion_flower/eGezvDre">passion flowers</a>, <i><a href="/facts/Passiflora_caerulea/acUSy2Db">Passiflora caerulea</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Passiflora_incarnata/U5eEUsFy">Passiflora incarnata</a></i>, in <i><a href="/facts/Oroxylum_indicum/s8UV1flg">Oroxylum indicum</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> carrots,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Chamomile/j59y23hn">chamomile</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> many fruits, and in <a href="/facts/Mushroom/sRdY6lfe">mushrooms</a>, such as the mushroom <i><a href="/facts/Pleurotus_ostreatus/rdH2PBA2">Pleurotus ostreatus</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> It is <a href="/facts/Extract/FUeleDQD">extracted</a> from various plants,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> such as the blue passion flower (<i>Passiflora caerulea</i>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>The amount of chrysin in honey from various plant sources is about 0.2 mg per 100 g.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Chrysin is typically found at higher amounts in propolis than in honey.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin was 0.10 mg/kg in honeydew honey, and 5.3 mg/kg in forest honeys.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin in propolis was as much as 28 g/L.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> A 2013 study found the amount of chrysin in various mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece, varied between 0.17 mg/kg in <i><a href="/facts/Lactarius_deliciosus/hh5LfTXM">Lactarius deliciosus</a></i> to 0.34 mg/kg in <i><a href="/facts/Suillus_bellinii/7JxYlxWd">Suillus bellinii</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bioavailability">Bioavailability</h2> <p>The effects of chrysin are reliant on its <a href="/facts/Bioavailability/9l6na9MV">bioavailability</a> and <a href="/facts/Solubility/kLE9h3Jb">solubility</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Following oral intake by humans, chrysin has low bioavailability and rapid <a href="/facts/Excretion/mspsTfnv">excretion</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> As a result, it is poorly absorbed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>A 1998 study determined that the highest amounts in <a href="/facts/Blood_plasma/oHuwwugG">plasma</a> was from 12 to 64 nM.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> As of 2015, the <a href="/facts/Serum_(blood)/a22tvug9">serum</a> levels of chrysin have not been cited in the literature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> Following oral intake by humans, the bioavailability was reported to be from 0.003% to 0.02%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="oral-and-topical-application">Oral and topical application</h2> <p>There is insufficient information to determine how long chrysin has been used in pharmacy <a href="/facts/Compounding/U96yYcbG">compounding</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> Chrysin is used as an ingredient in <a href="/facts/Dietary_supplement/SHXNNxaS">dietary supplements</a>, but there is no information on systemic exposure from <a href="/facts/Topical_medication/alFfLndS">topical application</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> As of 2016, there was no evidence to support any effect of oral chrysin on <a href="/facts/Testosterone/uUumdhAz">testosterone</a> levels,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> or an any disease-modifying activity with oral or topical formulations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="safety">Safety</h2> <p>A daily consumed amount of chrysin of 0.5 to 3 g is considered safe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> As of 2016, there was no toxicity attributable to chrysin in <a href="/facts/Clinical_trial/q8LMr832">clinical trials</a> or <a href="/facts/Adverse_event/6zKwT4g5">adverse event</a> reporting.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> As of 2016, clinical safety issues have not been identified.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> As of 2016, nonclinical data suggest potential concerns.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> In 2016, the US <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> did not recommend chrysin be included on the list of bulk drug substances that can be used in compounding under section 503A of the <a href="/facts/Federal_Food%2c_Drug%2c_and_Cosmetic_Act/2WIHtPjC">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a> based on consideration of the following criteria: (1) physicochemical characterization; (2) safety; (3) effectiveness; and (4) historical use of the substance in compounding.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="research">Research</h2> <p>As of 2016, there is no evidence for chrysin being used in human clinical applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Research showed that orally administered chrysin does not have clinical activity as an <a href="/facts/Aromatase/MMXTK90e">aromatase</a> inhibitor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Nanotechnology/Co4FFNfY">Nanoformulations</a> of <a href="/facts/Polyphenol/H6Q7QIQH">polyphenols</a>, including chrysin, are made using various carrier methods, such as <a href="/facts/Liposome/l9P4LVbS">liposomes</a> and <a href="/facts/Nanocapsule/6eck0QW6">nanocapsules</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Brave M (23 June 2016). <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf">"Chrysin"</a> (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Morissette M, Litim N, Di Paolo T (18 May 2017). "Chapter 2 – Natural Phytoestrogens: A Class of Promising Neuroprotective Agents for Parkinson Disease". In Brahmachari G (ed.). Discovery and Development of Neuroprotective Agents from Natural Products. Elsevier Science. p. 32. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809593-5.00002-1. ISBN 978-0-12-809769-4. <a href="978-0-12-809769-4" target="_blank">978-0-12-809769-4</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>FDA 2016, p. 3. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>FDA 2016, p. 8. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>FDA 2016, p. 13. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T, Azimi-Nezhad M (2017). "Protective Effects of Chrysin Against Drugs and Toxic Agents". Dose-response. 15 (2): 1559325817711782. doi:10.1177/1559325817711782. PMC 5484430. PMID 28694744. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484430" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484430</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Morissette M, Litim N, Di Paolo T (18 May 2017). "Chapter 2 – Natural Phytoestrogens: A Class of Promising Neuroprotective Agents for Parkinson Disease". In Brahmachari G (ed.). Discovery and Development of Neuroprotective Agents from Natural Products. Elsevier Science. p. 32. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809593-5.00002-1. ISBN 978-0-12-809769-4. <a href="978-0-12-809769-4" target="_blank">978-0-12-809769-4</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Zhandi, M; Ansari, M; Roknabadi, P; Zare Shahneh, A; Sharafi, M (2017). "Orally administered Chrysin improves post-thawed sperm quality and fertility of rooster". Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 52 (6): 1004–1010. doi:10.1111/rda.13014. ISSN 0936-6768. PMID 28695606. S2CID 28744455. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T, Azimi-Nezhad M (2017). "Protective Effects of Chrysin Against Drugs and Toxic Agents". Dose-response. 15 (2): 1559325817711782. doi:10.1177/1559325817711782. PMC 5484430. PMID 28694744. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484430" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484430</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Istasse T, Jacquet N, Berchem T, Haubruge E, Nguyen BK, Richel A (2016). "Extraction of Honey Polyphenols: Method Development and Evidence of Cis Isomerization". Analytical Chemistry Insights. 11: 49–57. doi:10.4137/ACI.S39739. PMC 4981221. PMID 27547032. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981221" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981221</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Premratanachai P, Chanchao C (2014). "Review of the anticancer activities of bee products". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 4 (5): 337–44. doi:10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1262. PMC 3985046. PMID 25182716. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3985046" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3985046</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Chrysin: Compound Summary for CID 5281607". PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Institutes of Health. 14 July 2018. <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top" target="_blank">https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/chrysin#section=Top</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM (2015). "Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine". Neurochemistry International. 90: 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006. PMID 26386393. S2CID 24391203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>FDA 2016, p. 11. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>FDA 2016, p. 3. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>FDA 2016, p. 8. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>FDA 2016, p. 9. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T, Azimi-Nezhad M (2017). "Protective Effects of Chrysin Against Drugs and Toxic Agents". Dose-response. 15 (2): 1559325817711782. doi:10.1177/1559325817711782. PMC 5484430. PMID 28694744. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484430" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5484430</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>FDA 2016, p. 10. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, Division of Oncology Products, US Food and Drug Administration. pp. 1–13. <a href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/UCM509958.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>FDA 2016, p. 12. - Brave M (23 June 2016). "Chrysin" (PDF). 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