Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Kering
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Timber (1962-1988)</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Pinault/pdxSbLUR">François Pinault</a></p> <p>In 1962, <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Pinault/pdxSbLUR">François Pinault</a> opened the <i>Établissements Pinault</i> in <a href="/facts/Brittany/XvquwmIg">Brittany</a> (France) specialized in timber trading with a 100,000 francs loan from the bank.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> His business grew rapidly by acquiring many failing local timber operations and building its own import bridges, turning Pinault S.A. into a leading timber trader in France in the 1980s. By 1988, the group owned 180 companies and 33 factories for an annual revenue of 10 billion francs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h3>Retail (1988-2013)</h3> <p>In 1988, Pinault S.A. was listed on the <a href="/facts/Paris_Stock_Exchange/Bogl5XQm">Paris Stock Exchange</a> and started an era of growth in the retail sector through major acquisitions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> In 1989, Pinault S.A. purchased 20% of CFAO, a French distribution conglomerate active throughout Africa. In 1990, Pinault S.A. and CFAO merged, and François Pinault became head of the newly formed group which acquired <a href="/facts/Conforama/jqf5885I">Conforama</a> (French furniture retailer) in 1991, <a href="/facts/Printemps/8qyVuT1q">Printemps</a> (department stores in France) in 1992, which also owned 54% of <a href="/facts/La_Redoute/pTuMJXMB">La Redoute</a> (French mail-order shopping retailer), and <a href="/facts/Fnac/vr96mNXR">Fnac</a> (French bookstore, multimedia and electronics retailer) in 1994. The group was renamed Pinault-Printemps-Redoute in 1994.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In 1999, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute purchased a controlling 42% stake of the <a href="/facts/Gucci_group/IIQLxq2m">Gucci group</a> for $3 billion and 100% of <a href="/facts/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)/Capa6c3K">Yves Saint Laurent</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Those investments marked the cornerstone of the group's shift towards luxury. Through Gucci, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute acquired <a href="/facts/Boucheron/tlJx3eII">Boucheron</a> in 2000,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Bottega_Veneta/BGx4ov9s">Bottega Veneta</a> in 2001,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Balenciaga/h8KuMJ2X">Balenciaga</a> in 2001,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> and signed partnerships with <a href="/facts/Alexander_McQueen/cFB6NgVA">Alexander McQueen</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Stella_McCartney/ePGF9pw5">Stella McCartney</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>In 2003, François-Henri Pinault, son of the founder François Pinault, became general manager of Artémis, the family holding company that controlled Pinault-Printemps-Redoute. In 2005, he was named president and CEO of Pinault-Printemps-Redoute,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> a year after the group had reached a 99.4% ownership of <a href="/facts/Gucci_group/IIQLxq2m">Gucci</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> The group continued acquiring luxury brands: <a href="/facts/Sowind_Group/w9HH40y7">Sowind Group</a> (watch company owner of <a href="/facts/Girard-Perregaux/fJKCyLzq">Girard-Perregaux</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Brioni_(fashion)/eNk3xnuP">Brioni</a> (Italian tailor) in 2011,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Pomellato Group (jewelry company owner of <a href="/facts/Pomellato/s697Bk2F">Pomellato</a> and Dodo)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Qeelin/VrpfFLdt">Qeelin</a> (jewelry) in 2012,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Christopher_Kane/g0X3PHeY">Christopher Kane</a> (British fashion house)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Richard_Ginori/BBRnu2M0">Richard Ginori</a> (porcelain) in 2013,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Ulysse_Nardin/Gent7pxW">Ulysse Nardin</a> (watches) in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> The group also sold its retail assets: Le Printemps in 2006,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Conforama in 2011,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> CFAO in 2012,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> Fnac in 2012, and La Redoute in 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> PPR developed a Sport & Lifestyle portfolio with the acquisition of <a href="/facts/Puma_(brand)/xhcqFTWm">Puma</a> in 2007,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Cobra_Golf/MhfWBK3T">Cobra Golf</a> in 2010,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Volcom/E89EQsNQ">Volcom</a> in 2011,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> all of which were sold the following decade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p> <h3>Luxury (since 2013)</h3> <p>In March 2013, PPR changed its name to Kering.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> The leather-weaver Bottega Veneta was transformed into a "quiet luxury" icon, hitting the billion-dollar mark in sales in 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> In 2014, Kering created its own eyewear production arm, Kering Eyewear, growing its revenue to 1.5 billion euros in 2023, and acquired the eyewear brands <a href="/facts/Lindberg_(eyewear)/KyQ716N1">Lindberg</a> in 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Maui_Jim/WWaUKcWm">Maui Jim</a> in 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> The traditional Balenciaga house was turned into a disruptive fashion house<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> and Yves Saint Laurent hit the 2-billion dollar sales mark in 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> However, from 2015 to 2022, the group's revenue was essentially driven by Gucci's year-on-year high performance, hitting the 10-billion dollars sales mark in 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> The group divested its interests in <a href="/facts/Stella_McCartney/ePGF9pw5">Stella McCartney</a> in 2018,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Christopher Kane in 2019,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> and its entire watch division (Girard-Perregaux and Ulysse Nardin) in 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p><p>In 2023, Kering's annual results declined to 19.6 billion (-4%), mainly caused by the deceleration of Gucci's streak, a transition phase according to the group's executives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> That same year, Kering acquired the fragrance company <a href="/facts/Creed_(perfume_house)/VyLtl7dx">Creed</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> 30% of the fashion house <a href="/facts/Valentino_(fashion_house)/XdjRCton">Valentino</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> and Kering Beauté was launched to manage in-house the development of beauty products for the group's brands.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> In June 2025, Kering appointed <a href="/facts/Luca_de_Meo/DYGzH556">Luca de Meo</a> as the group's new CEO beginning 15 September 15 2025, replacing François-Henri Pinault who will remain Chairman of Kering.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="activities">Activities</h2> <p>Kering's headquarters are located in the former Hopital Laennec in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. The parent holding company of Kering is <a href="/facts/Groupe_Art%25C3%25A9mis/CXMpENUB">Groupe Artémis</a>. In 2024, Kering made 17.2 billion euros in revenue, and managed 47,000 employees and 1,813 stores.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> </p><p>Kering fully or partially owns the following brands: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Brand</th><th>Acquisition Year</th><th>Country</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Gucci/IIQLxq2m">Gucci</a></td><td>1999<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)/Capa6c3K">Yves Saint Laurent</a></td><td>1999<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Boucheron/tlJx3eII">Boucheron</a></td><td>2000<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Bottega_Veneta/BGx4ov9s">Bottega Veneta</a></td><td>2001<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Balenciaga/h8KuMJ2X">Balenciaga</a></td><td>2001<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)/5EA6tXTY">Alexander McQueen</a></td><td>2001<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Brioni_(fashion)/eNk3xnuP">Brioni</a></td><td>2011<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Qeelin/VrpfFLdt">Qeelin</a></td><td>2012<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pomellato/s697Bk2F">Pomellato</a></td><td>2012<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pomellato/s697Bk2F">Dodo</a></td><td>2012<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td>Ginori 1735<p>(formerly <a href="/facts/Richard_Ginori/BBRnu2M0">Richard Ginori</a>)</p></td><td>2013<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lindberg_(eyewear)/KyQ716N1">Lindberg</a></td><td>2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Maui_Jim/WWaUKcWm">Maui Jim</a></td><td>2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Creed_(perfume)/VyLtl7dx">Creed</a></td><td>2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Valentino_(fashion_house)/XdjRCton">Valentino</a> (30%)</td><td>2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kering also owns Kering Eyewear (luxury eyewear production arm)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> and Kering Beauté (cosmetics division).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="governance">Governance</h2> <ul><li>Chairman and CEO: <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois-Henri_Pinault/ISH7flBB">François-Henri Pinault</a></li></ul> <h2 id="financial-data">Financial data</h2> Results (in € millions)<table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>2006</th><th>2007</th><th>2008</th><th>2009</th><th>2010</th><th>2011</th><th>2012</th><th>2013</th><th>2014</th><th>2015</th><th>2016</th><th>2017</th><th>2018</th><th>2019</th><th>2020</th><th>2023</th><th>2024</th></tr><tr><td>Sales</td><td>17 931</td><td>17 761</td><td>20 201</td><td>16 525</td><td>11 008</td><td>12 227</td><td>9 736</td><td>9 748</td><td>10 037</td><td>11 584</td><td>12 385</td><td>15 478</td><td>13 665.2</td><td>15 883.3</td><td>13 100.2</td><td>19 566</td><td>17 194</td></tr><tr><td>Net results</td><td>680</td><td>1 058</td><td>924</td><td>985</td><td>965</td><td>986</td><td>1 048</td><td>50</td><td>528.9</td><td>696</td><td>814</td><td>1 786</td><td>3 714.9</td><td>3 211.5</td><td>1 972.2</td><td>2 983</td><td>1 133</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="commitments">Commitments</h2> <p>The Kering Foundation was created in 2008 to combat <a href="/facts/Violence_against_women/cKUUyNXp">violence against women</a>. Kering was one of the first companies to endorse the Women's Empowerment Principles of the <a href="/facts/UN_Women/JHJg07VA">UN Women</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> In 2015, Kering became an official partner of the <a href="/facts/Cannes_Film_Festival/4FU7Kbfc">Cannes Film Festival</a> and launched the diversity program <i>Women in Motion</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> which was extended to the Rencontres d'Arles photography festival<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> and the <a href="/facts/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival/2SGSbCbh">Tokyo Film Festival</a> in 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> In 2015, the group also released the <a href="/facts/Environmental_profit_and_loss_account/QLJwcveG">environmental profit and loss account</a> (EP&L).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> Starting in 2019, the group's foundation developed actions to combat <a href="/facts/Violence_against_children/XJYah9Ph">violence against children</a>, making it a pillar of its operations in 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> Kering launched the Regenerative Fund for Nature in 2021 to finance the transition to <a href="/facts/Regenerative_agriculture/H7z6M8SJ">regenerative farming</a> practices<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> and the Climate Fund for Nature in 2022 to finance <a href="/facts/Nature_conservation/EQmI1K8x">nature conservation</a> and <a href="/facts/Ecological_restoration/gJ6wT9Gg">restoration</a> initiatives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> In 2021, Kering announced that all of its fashion brands would phase out fur by the end of 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Pinault/pdxSbLUR">François Pinault</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois-Henri_Pinault/ISH7flBB">François-Henri Pinault</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Groupe_Art%25C3%25A9mis/CXMpENUB">Groupe Artémis</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kering. <ul><li><a href="https://www.kering.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/entreprise/kering-552075020">Kering</a> – <i>Annuaire des Entreprises</i> (in French)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Guardian Staff (3 April 1999). "From timber merchant to corporate axeman". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 August 2019. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"François Pinault et sa stratégie d'entreprise : toujours se démarquer". mediaclip (in French). 21 May 1988. Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://mediaclip.ina.fr/fr/i22189013-francois-pinault-et-sa-strategie-d-entreprise-toujours-se-demarquer.html" target="_blank">https://mediaclip.ina.fr/fr/i22189013-francois-pinault-et-sa-strategie-d-entreprise-toujours-se-demarquer.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Guardian Staff (3 April 1999). "From timber merchant to corporate axeman". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 August 2019. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Guardian Staff (3 April 1999). "From timber merchant to corporate axeman". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 August 2019. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Gucci Group Agrees to Sell 40% Stake to French Retailer". Los Angeles Times. 20 March 1999. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-20-fi-19096-story.html" target="_blank">https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-20-fi-19096-story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Sri Ramakrishnan (16 November 1999). "Gucci to Buy Parent Of Yves Saint Laurent". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1999/11/16/gucci-to-buy-parent-of-yves-saint-laurent/1971b749-2e0c-448f-86b3-57dd492b6999/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1999/11/16/gucci-to-buy-parent-of-yves-saint-laurent/1971b749-2e0c-448f-86b3-57dd492b6999/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Gucci fades on court ruling". Cnn.com. 27 May 1999. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://money.cnn.com/1999/05/27/europe/gucci/" target="_blank">https://money.cnn.com/1999/05/27/europe/gucci/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"GUCCI BUYS AGAIN: DEAL FOR BOUCHERON BOOSTS JEWELRY UNIT". WWD. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/feature/article-1195266-1712101/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/feature/article-1195266-1712101/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"GUCCI STRIKES AGAIN: BUYS MAJORITY SHARE OF BOTTEGA VENETA". WWD. 8 February 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/feature/article-1176448-1729417/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/feature/article-1176448-1729417/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Finch, Julia (7 July 2001). "Gucci liked the designer so much it bought Balenciaga". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jul/07/1" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jul/07/1</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Bellafante, Ginia (5 December 2000). "Gucci secures a deal with Alexander McQueen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/style/front-row-gucci-secures-deal-with-alexander-mcqueen-cookies-are-more-gratifying.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/style/front-row-gucci-secures-deal-with-alexander-mcqueen-cookies-are-more-gratifying.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>McNeil, Peter; Riello, Giorgio (19 May 2016). Luxury: A Rich History. Oxford University Press. p. 256. ISBN 9780191640278. <a href="9780191640278" target="_blank">9780191640278</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Joshua Levine (15 February 2013). "The Man Behind the Curtain". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/t-magazine/the-man-behind-the-curtain.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/t-magazine/the-man-behind-the-curtain.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Suzanne Kapner (23 March 2004). "PPR moves to buy last 30% of Gucci Group". Nypost.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://nypost.com/2004/03/23/ppr-moves-to-buy-last-30-of-gucci-group/" target="_blank">https://nypost.com/2004/03/23/ppr-moves-to-buy-last-30-of-gucci-group/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"PPR becomes majority shareholder of Sowind Group". Reuters. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/ppr-sowind/ppr-becomes-majority-shareholder-of-sowind-group-idUSWEB833620110704/" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/ppr-sowind/ppr-becomes-majority-shareholder-of-sowind-group-idUSWEB833620110704/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Christina Passariello (8 November 2011). "PPR Buys Menswear Brand Brioni". Wsj.com. Retrieved 24 December 2013. <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204190704577026011411533018" target="_blank">https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204190704577026011411533018</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Luisa Zargani, Miles Socha (24 April 2013). "Kering Acquires Pomellato". Wwd.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/" target="_blank">http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"PPR acquires majority stake in Chinese Qeelin". Fashiounited.com. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/ppr-acquires-majority-stake-in-chinese-qeelin-20121112490803" target="_blank">https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/ppr-acquires-majority-stake-in-chinese-qeelin-20121112490803</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Ella Alexander (15 January 2013). "PPR Buys Majority Stake In Christopher Kane". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/christopher-kane-bought-by-ppr-majority-stake-acquisition" target="_blank">https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/christopher-kane-bought-by-ppr-majority-stake-acquisition</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Gucci offers to buy Richard Ginori porcelain maker for 13 million euros". Reuters. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0CS2X7/" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0CS2X7/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Elizabeth Doerr (30 July 2014). "Kering (Previously PPR, Gucci Group) Acquires Ulysse Nardin". Forbes.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethdoerr/2014/07/30/kering-previously-ppr-gucci-group-acquires-ulysse-nardin/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethdoerr/2014/07/30/kering-previously-ppr-gucci-group-acquires-ulysse-nardin/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Sara Gay Forden, Jacqueline Simmons (20 June 2006). "As sales fall, PPR works to unload Printemps". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/business/worldbusiness/20iht-ppr.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/business/worldbusiness/20iht-ppr.html</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"PPR Looks to Sell Conforama". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703766704576008672183381168" target="_blank">https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703766704576008672183381168</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Toyota Tsusho to buy PPR stake in CFAO". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-ppr/toyota-tsusho-to-buy-ppr-stake-in-cfao-idUSBRE86P09F20120726" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-ppr/toyota-tsusho-to-buy-ppr-stake-in-cfao-idUSBRE86P09F20120726</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>PPR says in talks to sell La Redoute by year-end <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ppr-agm/ppr-says-in-talks-to-sell-la-redoute-by-year-end-idUSBRE95H0Q420130618" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ppr-agm/ppr-says-in-talks-to-sell-la-redoute-by-year-end-idUSBRE95H0Q420130618</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Joshua Levine (15 February 2013). "The Man Behind the Curtain". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/t-magazine/the-man-behind-the-curtain.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/t-magazine/the-man-behind-the-curtain.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Puma acquires Cobra Golf and announces becoming Cobra-Puma Golf". Worldgolf.com. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="http://www.worldgolf.com/newswire/browse/62896-Puma-acquires-Cobra-Golf-and-announces-becoming-Cobra-Puma-Golf" target="_blank">http://www.worldgolf.com/newswire/browse/62896-Puma-acquires-Cobra-Golf-and-announces-becoming-Cobra-Puma-Golf</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Chris V. Nicholson (2 May 2011). "PPR to Buy Volcom, a Sportswear Maker". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/ppr-to-buy-sportswear-company-volcom/?_r=0" target="_blank">https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/ppr-to-buy-sportswear-company-volcom/?_r=0</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Beth Wright (16 May 2018). "Kering officially spins off Puma". Just-style.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113121303/https://www.just-style.com/news/kering-officially-spins-off-puma_id133534.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191113121303/https://www.just-style.com/news/kering-officially-spins-off-puma_id133534.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Jolly, David (22 March 2013). "PPR to Show Breton Roots With Rebranding as Kering". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2023. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/23/business/global/ppr-to-show-breton-roots-with-rebranding-as-kering.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/23/business/global/ppr-to-show-breton-roots-with-rebranding-as-kering.html</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Zargani, Luisa (22 February 2013). "Sales, Profits Up at Bottega Veneta in 2012". WWD. Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/sales-profits-up-at-bottega-veneta-6788889/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/sales-profits-up-at-bottega-veneta-6788889/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Mira, Nicola (9 July 2021). "Kering Eyewear buys 100% stake in Danish brand Lindberg". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 30 September 2021. <a href="https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-eyewear-buys-100-stake-in-danish-brand-lindberg,1318401.html" target="_blank">https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-eyewear-buys-100-stake-in-danish-brand-lindberg,1318401.html</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"Kering Eyewear acquires Hawaiian eyewear brand Maui Jim". The Moodie Davitt Report. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022. <a href="https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/kering-eyewear-acquires-hawaiian-eyewear-brand-maui-jim/" target="_blank">https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/kering-eyewear-acquires-hawaiian-eyewear-brand-maui-jim/</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Jess Cartner-Morley (2 October 2016). "Demna Gvasalia reinvigorates Balenciaga with strategic disrespect". Theguardian.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/oct/02/demna-gvasalia-reinvigorates-balenciaga-with-strategic-disrespect" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/oct/02/demna-gvasalia-reinvigorates-balenciaga-with-strategic-disrespect</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Guyot, Olivier (17 February 2020). "Saint Laurent franchit la barre des 2 milliards d'euros". FashionNetwork.com (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Saint-laurent-franchit-la-barre-des-2-milliards-d-euros,1185983.html" target="_blank">https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Saint-laurent-franchit-la-barre-des-2-milliards-d-euros,1185983.html</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Garnier, Juliette (22 September 2023). "After undergoing intense reinvention, Gucci searches hard for a second coming". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/09/22/after-undergoing-intense-reinvention-gucci-searches-hard-for-a-second-coming_6138507_7.html" target="_blank">https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/09/22/after-undergoing-intense-reinvention-gucci-searches-hard-for-a-second-coming_6138507_7.html</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Ben Stevens (29 March 2018). "Kering offloads entire stake in Stella McCartney". Retailgazette.co.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2018. <a href="https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2018/03/kering-offloads-entire-stake-stella-mccartney/" target="_blank">https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2018/03/kering-offloads-entire-stake-stella-mccartney/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Agnew, Harriet (21 June 2018). "Christopher Kane in talks to buy back brand from Kering". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/c45cc2ca-756f-11e8-aa31-31da4279a601" target="_blank">https://www.ft.com/content/c45cc2ca-756f-11e8-aa31-31da4279a601</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Sudip Kar-Gupta, Mimosa Spencer and Silke Koltrowitz, Luxury goods group Kering to sell watches division, Reuters.com, 24 January 2022 <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/luxury-goods-group-kering-sell-girard-perregaux-ulysse-nardin-divisions-2022-01-24/" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/luxury-goods-group-kering-sell-girard-perregaux-ulysse-nardin-divisions-2022-01-24/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Danziger, Pamela N. "Trouble In The House Of Gucci: Kering Struggles To Revive The Brand's Sparkle". Forbes. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2023/10/29/trouble-in-the-house-of-gucci-kering-struggles-to-revive-the-brands-sparkle/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2023/10/29/trouble-in-the-house-of-gucci-kering-struggles-to-revive-the-brands-sparkle/</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Massoudi, Arash; Klasa, Adrienne; Abboud, Leila (9 July 2023). "Kering paid €3.5bn for fragrance company Creed". www.ft.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024. <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/79ca0a2d-4114-425c-8b35-74042838ae6f" target="_blank">https://www.ft.com/content/79ca0a2d-4114-425c-8b35-74042838ae6f</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"Kering acquisisce il 30% di Valentino per 1,7 miliardi di euro". ilsole24ore.com. ilsole24ore.com. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023. <a href="https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/moda-kering-annuncia-acquisizione-30percento-valentino-17-miliardi-euro-AFCouQN" target="_blank">https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/moda-kering-annuncia-acquisizione-30percento-valentino-17-miliardi-euro-AFCouQN</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Guilbault, Laure (3 February 2023). "Kering enters beauty with new entity led by former Estée Lauder exec". Vogue Business. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/kering-enters-beauty-with-new-entity-led-by-former-estee-lauder-exec" target="_blank">https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/kering-enters-beauty-with-new-entity-led-by-former-estee-lauder-exec</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>"Gucci owner Kering appoints de Meo as CEO, shares soar". BNN Bloomberg. 16 June 2025. Retrieved 17 June 2025. <a href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business/company-news/2025/06/16/gucci-owner-kering-appoints-de-meo-as-ceo-shares-soar/" target="_blank">https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business/company-news/2025/06/16/gucci-owner-kering-appoints-de-meo-as-ceo-shares-soar/</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Elizabeth Paton (16 June 2025). "French Luxury Giant Kering Taps Auto Executive as Its New Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2025. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/16/business/kering-leo-de-meo-renault.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/16/business/kering-leo-de-meo-renault.html</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>2024 annual results, 11 February 2025. <a href="https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/02/11/3023901/0/en/Kering-Press-release-2024-Annual-Results.html" target="_blank">https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/02/11/3023901/0/en/Kering-Press-release-2024-Annual-Results.html</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>"Gucci Group Agrees to Sell 40% Stake to French Retailer". Los Angeles Times. 20 March 1999. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-20-fi-19096-story.html" target="_blank">https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-20-fi-19096-story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>Sri Ramakrishnan (16 November 1999). "Gucci to Buy Parent Of Yves Saint Laurent". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1999/11/16/gucci-to-buy-parent-of-yves-saint-laurent/1971b749-2e0c-448f-86b3-57dd492b6999/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1999/11/16/gucci-to-buy-parent-of-yves-saint-laurent/1971b749-2e0c-448f-86b3-57dd492b6999/</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>"GUCCI BUYS AGAIN: DEAL FOR BOUCHERON BOOSTS JEWELRY UNIT". WWD. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/feature/article-1195266-1712101/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/feature/article-1195266-1712101/</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>"GUCCI STRIKES AGAIN: BUYS MAJORITY SHARE OF BOTTEGA VENETA". WWD. 8 February 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/feature/article-1176448-1729417/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/feature/article-1176448-1729417/</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>Finch, Julia (7 July 2001). "Gucci liked the designer so much it bought Balenciaga". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jul/07/1" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jul/07/1</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Bellafante, Ginia (5 December 2000). "Gucci secures a deal with Alexander McQueen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/style/front-row-gucci-secures-deal-with-alexander-mcqueen-cookies-are-more-gratifying.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/style/front-row-gucci-secures-deal-with-alexander-mcqueen-cookies-are-more-gratifying.html</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>Christina Passariello (8 November 2011). "PPR Buys Menswear Brand Brioni". Wsj.com. Retrieved 24 December 2013. <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204190704577026011411533018" target="_blank">https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204190704577026011411533018</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>"PPR acquires majority stake in Chinese Qeelin". Fashiounited.com. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/ppr-acquires-majority-stake-in-chinese-qeelin-20121112490803" target="_blank">https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/ppr-acquires-majority-stake-in-chinese-qeelin-20121112490803</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>Luisa Zargani, Miles Socha (24 April 2013). "Kering Acquires Pomellato". Wwd.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/" target="_blank">http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>Luisa Zargani, Miles Socha (24 April 2013). "Kering Acquires Pomellato". Wwd.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. <a href="http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/" target="_blank">http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>"Gucci offers to buy Richard Ginori porcelain maker for 13 million euros". Reuters. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0CS2X7/" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0CS2X7/</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>Mira, Nicola (9 July 2021). "Kering Eyewear buys 100% stake in Danish brand Lindberg". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 30 September 2021. <a href="https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-eyewear-buys-100-stake-in-danish-brand-lindberg,1318401.html" target="_blank">https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-eyewear-buys-100-stake-in-danish-brand-lindberg,1318401.html</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>"Kering Eyewear acquires Hawaiian eyewear brand Maui Jim". The Moodie Davitt Report. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022. <a href="https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/kering-eyewear-acquires-hawaiian-eyewear-brand-maui-jim/" target="_blank">https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/kering-eyewear-acquires-hawaiian-eyewear-brand-maui-jim/</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>Massoudi, Arash; Klasa, Adrienne; Abboud, Leila (9 July 2023). "Kering paid €3.5bn for fragrance company Creed". www.ft.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024. <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/79ca0a2d-4114-425c-8b35-74042838ae6f" target="_blank">https://www.ft.com/content/79ca0a2d-4114-425c-8b35-74042838ae6f</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>"Kering acquisisce il 30% di Valentino per 1,7 miliardi di euro". ilsole24ore.com. ilsole24ore.com. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023. <a href="https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/moda-kering-annuncia-acquisizione-30percento-valentino-17-miliardi-euro-AFCouQN" target="_blank">https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/moda-kering-annuncia-acquisizione-30percento-valentino-17-miliardi-euro-AFCouQN</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>Gilles, Florent (18 November 2013). "Former Safilo CEO Roberto Vedovotto joins Kering". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 25 October 2022. <a href="https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Former-safilo-ceo-roberto-vedovotto-joins-kering,369341.html" target="_blank">https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Former-safilo-ceo-roberto-vedovotto-joins-kering,369341.html</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>Guilbault, Laure (3 February 2023). "Kering enters beauty with new entity led by former Estée Lauder exec". Vogue Business. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/kering-enters-beauty-with-new-entity-led-by-former-estee-lauder-exec" target="_blank">https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/kering-enters-beauty-with-new-entity-led-by-former-estee-lauder-exec</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>Wynne, Alex (3 March 2016). "Kering Partners With UN Women". WWD. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kering-partners-un-women-10377868/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kering-partners-un-women-10377868/</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>Keslassy, Elsa (30 March 2015). "Cannes Film Fest, Kering Launch Women in Motion". Variety. Retrieved 21 May 2024. <a href="https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/cannes-film-fest-kering-launch-women-in-motion-1201462413/" target="_blank">https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/cannes-film-fest-kering-launch-women-in-motion-1201462413/</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>Diderich, Joelle (13 March 2019). "Kering Partners With Rencontres d'Arles Photography Festival". WWD. Retrieved 2 July 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kering-partners-with-rencontres-darles-photography-festival-women-in-motion-award-1203084114/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kering-partners-with-rencontres-darles-photography-festival-women-in-motion-award-1203084114/</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:67"><p>Frater, Patrick (23 October 2019). "Kering and Tokyo Festival Bring 'Women in Motion' Talk Series to Japan". Variety. Retrieved 8 June 2024. <a href="https://variety.com/2019/film/news/kering-and-tokyo-festival-women-in-motion-talk-series-japan-1203380530/" target="_blank">https://variety.com/2019/film/news/kering-and-tokyo-festival-women-in-motion-talk-series-japan-1203380530/</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>Abnett, Kate (3 May 2016). "Kering Goes Public with Sustainability Report, Revealing Progress and Pain Points". Business of Fashion. Retrieved 23 July 2024. <a href="https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/sustainability/bof-exclusive-kering-goes-public-with-sustainability-report-revealing-progress-and-pain-points/" target="_blank">https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/sustainability/bof-exclusive-kering-goes-public-with-sustainability-report-revealing-progress-and-pain-points/</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>Diderich, Joelle (20 September 2023). "Kering Foundation Expands Remit to Combat Violence Against Children". WWD. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kering-foundation-expands-scope-to-combat-violence-against-children-1235822120/" target="_blank">https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kering-foundation-expands-scope-to-combat-violence-against-children-1235822120/</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>"Kering launches a new regenerative fund to support leather, cotton, wool and cashmere farmers". World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.wbcsd.org/alyn7" target="_blank">https://www.wbcsd.org/alyn7</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:71"><p>"Kering, L'Occitane Group Launch €300 Million Nature Fund". The Business of Fashion. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2024. <a href="https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/sustainability/kering-loccitane-group-launch-300-million-nature-fund/" target="_blank">https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/sustainability/kering-loccitane-group-launch-300-million-nature-fund/</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:72"><p>Cernansky, Rachel (24 September 2021). "Kering bans fur. Will other conglomerates follow?". Vogue Business. Retrieved 19 June 2025. <a href="https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/kering-bans-fur-will-other-conglomerates-follow" target="_blank">https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/kering-bans-fur-will-other-conglomerates-follow</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>