Ribble Motor Services

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Ribble Motor Services commenced operations in May 1919 following the acquisition of a depot consisting of four <a href="/facts/Double-decker_bus/c493CxwY">double-decker</a> and one <a href="/facts/Single-deck_bus/59bdjyX9">single-deck bus</a> in <a href="/facts/Gregson_Lane/8ms4xIPe">Gregson Lane</a>; bus services operated out of the depot consisted of services from Preston to Gregson Lane, <a href="/facts/Bamber_Bridge/GucxM3Vc">Bamber Bridge</a>, <a href="/facts/Higher_Walton%2c_Lancashire/Ma6hAz8n">Higher Walton</a> and <a href="/facts/Longridge/6X8RYFdM">Longridge</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Multiple companies were acquired throughout the 1920s and 1930s, including W. C. Standerwick of <a href="/facts/Blackpool/XFXTu5kl">Blackpool</a> in 1934, which was eventually rationalised as the name used for Ribble's coach excursion operations,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> and Ribble Motor Services soon grew to be the largest operator in the region, with a territory eventually stretching from <a href="/facts/Carlisle/Luso8yVY">Carlisle</a> in <a href="/facts/Cumberland/MGUrHSJg">Cumberland</a> to southern <a href="/facts/Lancashire/XmzHoIsl">Lancashire</a> at the company's peak.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
In 1961, the Scout Motor Services business was purchased, initially organised as a subsidiary of Ribble Motor Services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> Scout's operations were later absorbed into both Ribble and W.C. Standerwick in 1968.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
On 1 January 1969, Ribble Motor Services, then a subsidiary of <a href="/facts/British_Electric_Traction/ugYmMS8L">British Electric Traction</a>, passed into the ownership of the state-owned <a href="/facts/National_Bus_Company_(UK)/LGepdnLA">National Bus Company</a> following the passing of the <a href="/facts/Transport_Act_1968/5gSavKuK">Transport Act 1968</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

Prior to the <a href="/facts/Bus_deregulation_in_Great_Britain/kEdvb6aT">deregulation of bus services</a> in 1986, Ribble's territory was reduced with the company's north Cumbrian operations passing to <a href="/facts/Cumberland_Motor_Services/56kU5381">Cumberland Motor Services</a> and Merseyside operations to a recreated <a href="/facts/North_Western_Road_Car_Company_(1986)/ItyYpQxy">North Western</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> As part of the privatisation of the National Bus Company, Ribble was sold on 2 March 1988 in a <a href="/facts/Management_buyout/57Bve1re">management buyout</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> In April 1989, Ribble was purchased by <a href="/facts/Stagecoach_Holdings/ub7k6AX2">Stagecoach Holdings</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

The following May, Barrow Borough Transport was purchased by Stagecoach Ribble,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> and shortly afterwards, the company's Cumbrian operations based from depots in <a href="/facts/Kendal/bRMPCWc9">Kendal</a>, <a href="/facts/Barrow-in-Furness/ndD6hSvE">Barrow-in-Furness</a> and <a href="/facts/Ulverston/uFPsTr1t">Ulverston</a> were transferred to fellow Stagecoach subsidiary <a href="/facts/Cumberland_Motor_Services/56kU5381">CMS Cumberland</a>, leaving Stagecoach Ribble with operations only in Lancashire and <a href="/facts/Greater_Manchester/4TfqHG2k">Greater Manchester</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Stagecoach Ribble went on to acquire the depot and 20 vehicles from the fleet of Lancaster City Transport in 1993,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> followed by the operations of Hyndburn Transport in 1996.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
In April 2001, Stagecoach sold the Ribble operations in <a href="/facts/Blackburn/CYn86lz8">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/facts/Hyndburn/4KYUTPh1">Hyndburn</a>, <a href="/facts/Clitheroe/3UwIYdvr">Clitheroe</a> and <a href="/facts/Bolton/5uKqkeno">Bolton</a> to the <a href="/facts/Transdev_Blazefield/qL7qjdQ5">Blazefield Group</a> for £13 million, which rebranded them as <a href="/facts/Blackburn_Bus_Company/GIfRbt0C">Lancashire United</a> and <a href="/facts/Burnley_Bus_Company/XKgYPAEf">Burnley & Pendle</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
As a subsidiary of Stagecoach, the company remained registered as Ribble Motor Services. Its services were operated under the trading name Ribble Buses, then as Stagecoach Ribble, Stagecoach in Lancashire (which became part of <a href="/facts/Stagecoach_North_West/Hqq3mDSs">Stagecoach North West</a>) and finally as part of <a href="/facts/Stagecoach_Merseyside_%2526_South_Lancashire/crqwduLl">Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire</a>. Its bus routes were transferred to Glenvale Transport Ltd (formerly <a href="/facts/Stagecoach_Merseyside/ffsp6MIp">Stagecoach Merseyside</a>) in 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> In 2021, Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire changed their trading name from Glenvale Transport Limited to Ribble Motor Services Limited to reflect heritage of the Ribble brand.

<h2 id="services">Services</h2>

Upon the creation of the National Bus Company in January 1969, Ribble Motor Services gained the Carlisle operations of <a href="/facts/United_Automobile_Services/TALEsVW9">United Automobile Services</a>, which too had joined the National Bus Company. United had established a presence in Carlisle in 1931, building a depot on Scotch Street in 1938, which was acquired by Ribble Motor Services alongside United's bus services in the city.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
Ribble Motor Services was one of several operators to operate in the <a href="/facts/Merseyside/44wxA8Bd">Merseyside</a> region in the 1950s and 1960s, following the acquisition of a number of bus operators in the area. Following the acquisition of Waterloo and Crosby Motor Services, Ribble operated 12 'L'-prefixed services from Liverpool to <a href="/facts/Waterloo%2c_Merseyside/HoDj0Fpa">Waterloo</a>, <a href="/facts/Crosby%2c_Merseyside/Yravu2UW">Crosby</a>, Hall Road and <a href="/facts/Thornton%2c_Merseyside/0kvng0Kc">Thornton</a> via <a href="/facts/Bootle/URL3m5Xd">Bootle</a> and <a href="/facts/Seaforth%2c_Merseyside/1pcwkavz">Seaforth</a>. Operating for nineteen hours a day, these services would have bus frequencies that varied between every seven minutes to every 30 minutes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> Joint agreements for Ribble Motor Services to run bus services across both Liverpool as well as <a href="/facts/St_Helens%2c_Lancashire/waCyVJox">St Helens</a> were made by both cities' respective corporations' transport departments on several occasions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>

<h3>Express services</h3>
Ribble Motor Services was notable for operating a number of express bus and coach services across Great Britain. In the early 1930s, after reaching inter-working agreements with various regional bus operators in both England and Scotland, Ribble began serving destinations such as <a href="/facts/Barnsley/XRycmgNT">Barnsley</a>, Carlisle, <a href="/facts/Doncaster/W7pNAMjk">Doncaster</a>, <a href="/facts/Edinburgh/PcsoaK9h">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/facts/Glasgow/hHUX44Ra">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/facts/Halifax%2c_West_Yorkshire/K5uM6PYk">Halifax</a>, <a href="/facts/Huddersfield/7udzs2Wl">Huddersfield</a>, <a href="/facts/Leeds/YVPtUCt1">Leeds</a>, <a href="/facts/Newcastle_upon_Tyne/vfHwdn5F">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, <a href="/facts/Middlesbrough/Ffefeyvl">Middlesbrough</a>, <a href="/facts/Scarborough%2c_North_Yorkshire/h65pc7he">Scarborough</a> and <a href="/facts/Wakefield/dYtswDes">Wakefield</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>

<h4>'White Lady'</h4>

Ribble Motor Services, as well as the <a href="/facts/North_Western_Road_Car_Company_(1923)/qIRygHlL">North Western Road Car Company</a> and <a href="/facts/Lancashire_United_Transport/cAnyGUIV">Lancashire United Transport</a>, jointly operated the service X60 and X70 between Manchester, Bolton, <a href="/facts/Chorley/Lr1QJlz0">Chorley</a>, Preston and Blackpool.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> This joint operation, first started in 1928, was known[according to whom?] as the world's most frequent express service in the 1960s, maintaining a scheduled departure every fifteen minutes in the summer. 
Ribble Motor Services made use of double-deck coaches known as 'White Ladies' for this service, first introduced in the form of a combination of Burlingham and later <a href="/facts/East_Lancashire_Coachbuilders/by07Ldw4">East Lancashire Coachbuilders</a>-bodied 8 feet (2.4 m) wide <a href="/facts/Leyland_Titan_(front-engined_double-decker)/NkLpsmMn">Leyland Titan PD2s</a> in the late 1940s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
Throughout the 1950s the 'White Ladies' ran on all the major express and limited stop services out of Lower Mosley Street, Manchester. In particular they served the routes due north including X3 & X13 to <a href="/facts/Great_Harwood/LmVBKukA">Great Harwood</a>, X23 <a href="/facts/Clitheroe/3UwIYdvr">Clitheroe</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Witch_Way/kXHu6Kc0">X43</a> <a href="/facts/Skipton/vUwSfCBg">Skipton</a> and <a href="/facts/Colne/3pKQaeRD">Colne</a>, X53 <a href="/facts/Burnley/zt40VBWv">Burnley</a>, and X66 <a href="/facts/Blackburn/CYn86lz8">Blackburn</a>. They also ran on the X27 service from Liverpool to Skipton via <a href="/facts/Southport/fhBX5WAz">Southport</a>. 
In 1962, the 'White Lady' Leyland Titan PD2s were replaced by 20 <a href="/facts/Leyland_Atlantean/zgqTpech">Leyland Atlanteans</a> with coach-seated <a href="/facts/Metro_Cammell_Weymann/jfwufzau">Weymann</a> bodies. As the buses were used on medium-distance express services as opposed to long-distance services, no toilet facility was carried, increasing seating capacity on the coaches from 50 to 59.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> These 'White Lady' Atlanteans were retained into NBC ownership, albeit eventually downgraded to service buses by the application of standard NBC livery.

<h4>'Gay Hostess'</h4>

<a href="/facts/Motorway/gaKATAGS">Motorways</a> were developed in the late 1950s, and in 1958, the <a href="/facts/M6_motorway/wTJPHe72">M6 Preston Bypass</a>, located within Ribble Motor Services' operating area, was opened as the first motorway in the United Kingdom. In November 1959, Ribble Motor Services were granted authorisation by the Northern <a href="/facts/Traffic_Commissioner/1ntXvtVb">Traffic Commissioner</a> to operate a service from <a href="/facts/Keswick%2c_Cumbria/nx1p53vU">Keswick</a> to London's <a href="/facts/Victoria_Coach_Station/PrNVNTEL">Victoria Coach Station</a> via the new <a href="/facts/M1_motorway/1wUHyUch">M1 motorway</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> in order to accommodate long-distance motorway travel, Ribble Motor Services had developed the 'Gay Hostess' double-deck express coach, based on the <a href="/facts/Leyland_Atlantean/zgqTpech">Leyland Atlantean</a> chassis, featuring 50 reclining seats, a toilet and spaces for luggage. The 'Gay Hostess' Leyland Atlantean coaches were split between Ribble, who operated 15, and subsidiary Standerwick, who operated 22.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>
To replace the 'Gay Hostess' Atlanteans, a 60-seater double-deck coach built on a <a href="/facts/Bristol_VR/sayVGyWF">Bristol VRL/LH</a> chassis was developed around 1968 for motorway running by the Standerwick subsidiary. The <a href="/facts/Eastern_Coach_Works/bP0sHSlV">Eastern Coach Works</a>-bodied coach was driven by a Leyland Power Plus 680 engine mounted vertically and longitudinally behind the offside rear axle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> In total, 30 Bristol VRL coaches were delivered.

<h2 id="fleet">Fleet</h2>
The company mainly operated <a href="/facts/Leyland_Motors/IkgPKozL">Leyland</a> vehicles, which were built nearby in <a href="/facts/Leyland%2c_Lancashire/TE89Jen7">Leyland, Lancashire</a>. Under the ownership of the National Bus Company, Ribble standardised on Leyland National single-deckers and <a href="/facts/Leyland_Leopard/UCtPbSbD">Leyland Leopard</a> coaches.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> Two prototype <a href="/facts/Leyland_Olympian/8npVwT7n">Leyland Olympians</a> with <a href="/facts/Eastern_Coach_Works/bP0sHSlV">Eastern Coach Works</a> bodies were delivered to Ribble in 1980;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> Ribble would go on to purchase further ECW-bodied Olympians for 'Timesaver' express services between Burnley and Manchester in 1984.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
In 1949, Sentinel developed an underfloor-engined single-deck bus, which increased the seating capacity to a total of 40 seats. Ribble took two batches of these buses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> In the 1960s, Ribble ordered ten lightweight Bedford coaches for their extended tour fleet.[specify]

A batch of <a href="/facts/Bristol_RELL/9YYXSRAx">Bristol RELL</a> single-deck buses was delivered to Ribble Motor Services in 1968, shortly before the government brought together Leyland Bus and the National Bus Company into the plan to build the <a href="/facts/Leyland_National/0p6fllJu">Leyland National</a> bus factory in Cumberland.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> After the first batch of 10 fitted with Leyland engines showed poor fuel economy, a larger batch of 56 Bristol RESLs equipped with <a href="/facts/L._Gardner_and_Sons/DaCYS09W">Gardner</a> engines were ordered in 1969.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> Some <a href="/facts/Bristol_VR/sayVGyWF">Bristol VR</a> double-deckers were also acquired in 1970.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>
Two batches of the <a href="/facts/Lowbridge_double-deck_bus/bwb3xmP1">lowbridge</a> <a href="/facts/Albion_Lowlander/DGBKmrLD">Albion Lowlander</a> double-decker bus were purchased by Ribble, all being the LR1 model. These had a fully fronted cab and were a replica of the highbridge PD3s that Ribble operated; they were not popular buses.[according to whom?] Ribble acquired a 17th example when they took over Bamber Bridge Motor Services; this was Ribble's only half-cab Lowlander.

<h2 id="depots">Depots</h2>

Ribble's head office was located on Frenchwood Avenue, Preston, and was opened in 1937.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> At its peak in 1949, Ribble Motor Services had over 40 depots across Lancashire, Merseyside and Cumbria of varying size and use.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>
Operations in the Merseyside area were based at depots in Liverpool, Bootle, Seaforth Sands and <a href="/facts/Aintree/lKIyhf6d">Aintree</a> in the 1950s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> In 1979, a new open-plan depot was brought into use in Bootle 250 yards away from the original garage on Hawthorne Road.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> Bootle depot would be acquired by Liverpool independent company Liverline in 1992 and is still in use today by <a href="/facts/Arriva_Merseyside/N8xNQtz9">Arriva Merseyside</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> Other new depots were constructed in Carlisle in 1967,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> as well as in <a href="/facts/Skelmersdale/vfjR5Bc7">Skelmersdale</a> in October 1974, replacing an existing site in <a href="/facts/Ormskirk/yMVyfoyB">Ormskirk</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>
One depot was a former railway terminus, this being the former <a href="/facts/Southport_Lord_Street_railway_station/kwMABLmI">Southport Lord Street railway station</a>, once owned by the <a href="/facts/Southport_and_Cheshire_Lines_Extension_Railway/lSkHTbKe">Southport and Cheshire Lines Extension Railway</a>, which had closed in 1952. Ribble Motor Services converted the former railway building into a bus station, which opened in 1954, and would later add maintenance facilities to commence the former station's use as Ribble's Southport depot.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Davies, Roger (2019). Stenning, Ray (ed.). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c4KlwwEACAAJ">Ribble: Celebrating the Centenary of an Iconic Bus Company</a>. London: Best Impressions. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-9565-7404-6.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
 Media related to Ribble Motor Services (bus company) at Wikimedia Commons

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Companies House extract company no 155849 Ribble Motor Services Limited <a href="http://data.companieshouse.gov.uk/doc/company/00155849" target="_blank">http://data.companieshouse.gov.uk/doc/company/00155849</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Linking up Lancs by Motorbus". The Commercial Motor. 1 November 1921. pp. 24–27. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-november-1921/14/linking-up-lanc-by-motorbus" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-november-1921/14/linking-up-lanc-by-motorbus</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Macgill, Peter (23 May 2019). "Tribute to 100 years of Ribble Bus in Lancashire". Lancashire Telegraph. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/17590629.tribute-100-years-ribble-bus-lancashire/" target="_blank">https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/17590629.tribute-100-years-ribble-bus-lancashire/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"W. C. Standerwick Ltd. 1911-1974". Local Transport History. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://localtransporthistory.co.uk/fleetlists/standerwick1/" target="_blank">https://localtransporthistory.co.uk/fleetlists/standerwick1/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Taylor, Ashely F. (8 July 1949). "30 years of acquisition builds Ribble". The Commercial Motor. pp. 8–13. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Ribble Acquire Scout". The Commercial Motor. 18 December 1961. p. 51. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-december-1961/51/ribble-acquire-scout" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-december-1961/51/ribble-acquire-scout</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Ribble absorbs Scout". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 18 October 1968. p. 40. Retrieved 30 July 2014. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/18th-october-1968/40/ribble-absorbs-scout" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/18th-october-1968/40/ribble-absorbs-scout</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"Coach Connections". Coventry Corporation Transport Society. Retrieved 24 September 2014. <a href="http://www.cct-society.org.uk/operators/connections.htm" target="_blank">http://www.cct-society.org.uk/operators/connections.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"National Bus Company". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 3 January 1969. p. 27. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/3rd-january-1969/27/national-bus-company" target="_blank">http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/3rd-january-1969/27/national-bus-company</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"NBC carve-up is settled". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 22 March 1986. p. 44. Retrieved 30 July 2014. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/22nd-march-1986/44/nbc-carve-up" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/22nd-march-1986/44/nbc-carve-up</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Hansard House of Commons 18 April 1988 <a href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1988/apr/18/national-bus-company" target="_blank">https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1988/apr/18/national-bus-company</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Ribble coaches snapped up". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 10 March 1988. p. 22. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/10th-march-1988/22/ri-bble-coaches-snapped-up" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/10th-march-1988/22/ri-bble-coaches-snapped-up</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"OFT holds up Stagecoach". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 27 April 1989. p. 7. Retrieved 30 July 2014. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/27th-april-1989/7/oft-holds-up-stagecoach" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/27th-april-1989/7/oft-holds-up-stagecoach</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"Barrow to Stagecoach". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 1 June 1989. p. 9. Retrieved 30 July 2014. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-june-1989/9/barrow-to-stagecoach" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-june-1989/9/barrow-to-stagecoach</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Stagecoach swapshop". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 15 June 1989. p. 19. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/15th-june-1989/19/stagecoach-swapshop" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/15th-june-1989/19/stagecoach-swapshop</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Jarosz, Andrew (22 May 1993). "Stagecoach gets Lancaster assets only in surprise bid". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/Coach_%26_Bus_Week" target="_blank">/wiki/Coach_%26_Bus_Week</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Stagecoach Holdings plc & Lancaster City Transport Limited Monopolies & Mergers Commission November 1993 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271992/2423.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271992/2423.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Stagecoach acquires Hyndburn Transport". Bus & Coach Buyer. No. 376. Spalding: Glen-Holland Limited. 20 September 1996. p. 5. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"No change as depots sold". Lancashire Telegraph. 4 May 2001. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6031677.no-change-depots-sold/" target="_blank">https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6031677.no-change-depots-sold/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Notices and Proceedings 2638 & 2639 <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"All aboard: when 15 bus firms offered a ticket to ride in Cumbria". The Mail. Kendal. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://www.nwemail.co.uk/features/16425444.aboard-15-bus-firms-offered-ticket-ride-cumbria/" target="_blank">https://www.nwemail.co.uk/features/16425444.aboard-15-bus-firms-offered-ticket-ride-cumbria/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Rendall, D. (7 January 1955). "17 Operators Serve Merseyside". The Commercial Motor. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/7th-january-1955/54/17-operators-serve-merseyside" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/7th-january-1955/54/17-operators-serve-merseyside</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"Agreement avoids tedious hearing". The Commercial Motor. 1 October 1937. p. 53. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-october-1937/53/agreement-avoids-tedious-hearing" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/1st-october-1937/53/agreement-avoids-tedious-hearing</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Taylor, Ashely F. (8 July 1949). "30 years of acquisition builds Ribble". The Commercial Motor. pp. 8–13. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Taylor, Ashely F. (8 July 1949). "30 years of acquisition builds Ribble". The Commercial Motor. pp. 8–13. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Taylor, Ashely F. (8 July 1949). "30 years of acquisition builds Ribble". The Commercial Motor. pp. 8–13. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"New "dress" for "White Ladies"". The Commercial Motor. 5 January 1951. p. 37. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/5th-january-1951/37/new-dress-for-white-ladies" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/5th-january-1951/37/new-dress-for-white-ladies</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"New Vehicles For Ribble". The Commercial Motor. 23 March 1962. p. 46. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/23rd-march-1962/46/new-vehicles-for-ribble" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/23rd-march-1962/46/new-vehicles-for-ribble</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"Ribble to Run Over Motorway". The Commercial Motor. 27 November 1959. p. 41. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/27th-november-1959/46/ribble-to-run-over-motorway" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/27th-november-1959/46/ribble-to-run-over-motorway</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"More Atlantean coaches". The Commercial Motor. 28 October 1960. p. 7. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/28th-october-1960/41/rival-applications-for-butlins-service" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/28th-october-1960/41/rival-applications-for-butlins-service</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Air Springs for Gay Hostess". The Commercial Motor. 12 August 1960. p. 24. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/12th-august-1960/64/air-springs-for-gay-hostess" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/12th-august-1960/64/air-springs-for-gay-hostess</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"Ribble 36 ft. Bristol double-deckers". Commercial Motor. 28 July 1967. p. 67. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/28th-july-1967/66/ribble-36-ft-bristol-double-deckers" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/28th-july-1967/66/ribble-36-ft-bristol-double-deckers</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Eastern Coach Works, Stand 45". Commercial Motor. 20 September 1968. pp. 189–190. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/20th-september-1968/189/eastern-coach-works-stand-45" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/20th-september-1968/189/eastern-coach-works-stand-45</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Who gets what from National Bus?". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 19 September 1975. p. 26. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/19th-september-1975/26/who-gets-what-from-national-bus" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/19th-september-1975/26/who-gets-what-from-national-bus</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"National Bus orders for 1977". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 5 November 1976. p. 29. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/5th-november-1976/29/national-bus-orders-for-1977" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/5th-november-1976/29/national-bus-orders-for-1977</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"An Olympian project". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 8 March 1980. p. 28. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-march-1980/28/an-olympian-protect" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-march-1980/28/an-olympian-protect</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Timesaver Olympians". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 9 June 1984. p. 16. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/9th-june-1984/16/timesaver-olympians" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/9th-june-1984/16/timesaver-olympians</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"Ribble Tries a Chassisless Bus". The Commercial Motor. 20 May 1949. p. 53. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/20th-may-1949/7/ribble-tries-a-chassisless-bus" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/20th-may-1949/7/ribble-tries-a-chassisless-bus</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"First dual-entrance single-deckers for Ribble". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 30 May 1968. p. 60. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/3rd-may-1968/60/first-dual-entrance-single-deckers-for-ribble" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/3rd-may-1968/60/first-dual-entrance-single-deckers-for-ribble</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">"Good year for Bristol". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 31 January 1969. p. 26. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/31st-january-1969/26/good-year-for-bristol" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/31st-january-1969/26/good-year-for-bristol</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"NBC rolling stock budget up by £5m". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 31 July 1970. p. 21. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/31st-july-1970/21/nbc-rolling-stock-budget-up-by-om" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/31st-july-1970/21/nbc-rolling-stock-budget-up-by-om</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Hulme, Jim (31 January 2017). "Ride through history of Preston's buses". Lancashire Evening Post. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://www.lep.co.uk/news/ride-through-history-of-prestons-buses-744605" target="_blank">https://www.lep.co.uk/news/ride-through-history-of-prestons-buses-744605</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Taylor, Ashely F. (8 July 1949). "30 years of acquisition builds Ribble". The Commercial Motor. pp. 8–13. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/8th-july-1949/16/equoso</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Rendall, D. (7 January 1955). "17 Operators Serve Merseyside". The Commercial Motor. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/7th-january-1955/54/17-operators-serve-merseyside" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/7th-january-1955/54/17-operators-serve-merseyside</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"Bootle's new depot". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 19 October 1979. p. 23. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/19th-october-1979/23/ootles-ew-depot" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/19th-october-1979/23/ootles-ew-depot</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">"New premises for Liverline". Coach & Bus Week. No. 25. Peterborough: Emap. 8 August 1992. p. 12. <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">"Ribble build new depot". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 14 July 1967. p. 38. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/14th-july-1967/38/ribble-build-new-depot-work-is-to-begin-soon-on" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/14th-july-1967/38/ribble-build-new-depot-work-is-to-begin-soon-on</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">"New depot for Ribble". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 18 October 1974. p. 24. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/18th-october-1974/24/new-depot-for-ribble" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/18th-october-1974/24/new-depot-for-ribble</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">"Rail-Road Conversion". The Commercial Motor. 25 June 1954. p. 38. Retrieved 22 July 2023. <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/25th-june-1954/38/men-in-the-news" target="_blank">https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/25th-june-1954/38/men-in-the-news</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

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