SpaceX Crew-1

<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
The first operational mission in the <a href="/facts/Commercial_Crew_Program/4ygmongy">Commercial Crew Program</a>, originally designated "USCV-1" (United States Crew Vehicle-mission 1) by NASA, was initially announced in November 2012, with a launch date set for November 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> In April 2013, it was announced that the launch would be delayed by one year to November 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> It was then delayed into 2019 and 2020, pending the success of the uncrewed and crewed demonstration missions, respectively. Following the <a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2/0D3BuCxE">Crew Dragon Demonstration Mission 2</a>, Crew-1 was tentatively scheduled for September 2020; further delays occurred to align with the ongoing <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a> restrictions and their impact on the schedule of ISS crew rotations and cargo delivery missions,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> and then again because of concerns about an issue with the gas generators on the <a href="/facts/Merlin_1D/95qreG8R">Merlin 1D</a> engines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
On 29 September 2020, mission commander Michael Hopkins revealed during a NASA press conference that the capsule's crew had chosen to name it Resilience.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> Due to the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida/Ak2jTcz5">COVID-19 pandemic in Florida</a>, the <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center_Visitor_Complex/1dcnSn7u">Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex</a> only allowed a few people to watch the launch in person from the KSC premises.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

<h2 id="crew">Crew</h2>
NASA astronauts <a href="/facts/Michael_S._Hopkins/gHL60orY">Michael S. Hopkins</a> and <a href="/facts/Victor_J._Glover/DuqWzGdn">Victor J. Glover</a> were announced as the crew on 3 August 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> <a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a> astronaut <a href="/facts/Soichi_Noguchi/6yelbx8j">Soichi Noguchi</a> and the third NASA astronaut, <a href="/facts/Shannon_Walker/EGJQcSQc">Shannon Walker</a>, were added to the crew on 31 March 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>

Prime crew<table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions/SMmsDTLu">Position</a></th><th scope="col" colspan="2">Astronaut</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Commander</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Michael_S._Hopkins/gHL60orY">Michael S. Hopkins</a>, <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a><a href="/facts/Expedition_64/87j6uFnE">Expedition 64</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_65/hLd49M80">65</a>Second and last spaceflight</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pilot</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Victor_J._Glover/DuqWzGdn">Victor J. Glover</a>, <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a>Expedition 64/65First spaceflight</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mission Specialist 1</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Soichi_Noguchi/6yelbx8j">Soichi Noguchi</a>, <a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a>Expedition 64/65Third and last spaceflight</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mission Specialist 2</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Shannon_Walker/EGJQcSQc">Shannon Walker</a>, <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a>Expedition 64/65Second spaceflight</td></tr></tbody></table>
Backup crew<table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions/SMmsDTLu">Position</a></th><th scope="col" colspan="2">Astronaut</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Commander</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kjell_N._Lindgren/JFFAddC1">Kjell N. Lindgren</a>, <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mission Specialist 1</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Koichi_Wakata/eVV568HR">Koichi Wakata</a>, <a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="preparations">Preparations</h2>
Crew-1's Falcon 9 launch vehicle arrived at Cape Canaveral, Florida, on 14 July 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> Crew Dragon capsule C207 arrived at SpaceX processing facilities in Florida, on 18 August 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> The successful launch of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle from <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</a> (CCAFS) on 5 November 2020 was a milestone leading up to the Crew-1 mission. Falcon 9 successfully deployed a <a href="/facts/Global_Positioning_System/DKVLnzF3">GPS</a> <a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">navigation satellite</a> (<a href="/facts/GPS_Block_III/rGsRMFr5">GPS III-04</a>) for the <a href="/facts/United_States_Space_Force/bWlsxC5D">United States Space Force</a> (USSF), confirming that engineers had resolved an issue with <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Merlin/95qreG8R">Merlin 1D</a> engines that delayed the GPS mission and the Crew-1 flight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>
The crew arrived at Kennedy Space Center via a NASA Gulfstream jet on 8 November 2020 at 13:53 UTC. A <a href="/facts/Design_review_(U.S._government)/6uwWho7P">Flight Readiness Review</a> (FRR) convened by NASA officials was scheduled on 10 November 2020 to discuss unresolved technical issues, review the status of launch preparations, and give approval for teams to proceed with the Crew-1 mission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> NASA officials gave approval on 10 November 2020 for SpaceX to begin regular crew rotation flights to the International Space Station, signaling a transition from development to operations for the <a href="/facts/Human-rating_certification/JqkECqQv">human-rated</a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_2/Wy8kUegK">Crew Dragon</a> spacecraft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> The launch vehicle was lifted to its vertical position on the pad for a test firing of its Merlin-1D main engines on 11 November 2020 at 20:49 UTC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> A dry dress rehearsal (DDR) on 12 November 2020 saw the crew put on their pressure suits and climb into Resilience.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> SpaceX ran a launch readiness review (LRR) on 13 November 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>

<h2 id="mission">Mission</h2>

On 15 November 2020, final pre-launch preparations were completed. The hatch of Resilience was closed at 22:32 UTC, but reopened briefly after a slight drop in pressure was detected. Troubleshooting the hatch seal led to discovery of a small amount of foreign object debris (FOD) in the seal. The hatch was then closed again, and mission controllers proceeded with the countdown. No further concerns were noted, and on 16 November 2020 at 00:27:17 UTC, Resilience lifted off successfully. Its Falcon 9 first-stage booster, SN B1061.1, landed on the <a href="/facts/Autonomous_spaceport_drone_ship/yI2SR495">autonomous spaceport drone ship</a> Just Read the Instructions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> The astronauts entered a stable orbit after about nine minutes. For this mission, the crew had chosen a plush toy of "<a href="/facts/Grogu/loNR8bjy">The Child</a>" (also known as "Baby Yoda") from <a href="/facts/The_Mandalorian/etnz8mKl">The Mandalorian</a> as a <a href="/facts/Weightlessness/GrhveURG">Zero-G</a> indicator.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> The crew were awakened on the second day of the flight with <a href="/facts/Phil_Collins/fJ4ccc0D">Phil Collins</a>'s "<a href="/facts/In_the_Air_Tonight/9qRjfkj4">In the Air Tonight</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a>
Resilience docked to the <a href="/facts/International_Docking_Adapter/gq0Rdw4j">International Docking Adapter</a> (IDA) on the <a href="/facts/Harmony_(ISS_module)/RY1kewMY">Harmony module</a> on 17 November 2020 at 04:01 UTC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> Over the course of the mission, the four astronauts lived and worked alongside the three astronauts of the <a href="/facts/Soyuz_MS-17/cQR8naun">Soyuz MS-17</a> mission. Together, the two missions form ISS <a href="/facts/Expedition_64/87j6uFnE">Expedition 64</a>. Assuming the regular ISS crew rotation schedule is adhered to, the crew transfer to <a href="/facts/Expedition_65/hLd49M80">Expedition 65</a> following the departure of Soyuz MS-17, on 17 April 2021.[needs update]
On 5 April 2021, the Crew-1 astronauts relocated their spacecraft from <a href="/facts/Harmony_(ISS_module)/RY1kewMY">Harmony</a> forward to <a href="/facts/Harmony_(ISS_module)/RY1kewMY">Harmony</a> <a href="/facts/Zenith/ISuRFp05">zenith</a> by using the <a href="/facts/Draco_(rocket_engine)/D6qTgrAG">Draco</a> thrusters that are mounted on the side of Dragon Resilience's trunk, to make way for the arrival and docking of the <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Crew-2/lQVTYmu2">SpaceX Crew-2</a> spacecraft, launched on 23 April 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
In July 2022, it was reported that some of the debris from Crew 1 Dragon crashed into a farm in Australia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>

<h3>Timeline</h3>
<table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mission_Elapsed_Time/Bfx3XQPL">MET</a></th><th colspan="2">Time</th><th rowspan="2">Date(UTC)</th><th rowspan="2">Event <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Eastern_Time_Zone/jP4S8j1V">EST</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Coordinated_Universal_Time/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a></th></tr><tr><td>−7:40:00</td><td>11:47:15 AM</td><td>16:47:15</td><td rowspan="21">15 November2020</td><td>Crew wake</td></tr><tr><td>−05:30:00</td><td>1:57:15 PM</td><td>18:57:15</td><td>CE (signification?) launch readiness briefing</td></tr><tr><td>−05:00:00</td><td>2:27:15 PM</td><td>19:27:15</td><td>Launch shift on console</td></tr><tr><td>−04:59:59</td><td>2:27:16 PM</td><td>19:27:16</td><td>Dragon IMU align and configure for launch.</td></tr><tr><td>−04:30:00</td><td>2:57:15 PM</td><td>19:57:15</td><td>Dragon <a href="/facts/Propellant/K88ymXRy">propellant</a> pressurization</td></tr><tr><td>−04:15:00</td><td>3:12:15 PM</td><td>20:12:15</td><td>Crew weather brief</td></tr><tr><td>−04:05:00</td><td>3:22:15 PM</td><td>20:22:15</td><td>Crew handoff</td></tr><tr><td>−04:00:00</td><td>3:27:15 PM</td><td>20:27:15</td><td>Suit donning and checkouts</td></tr><tr><td>−03:22:00</td><td>4:05:15 PM</td><td>21:05:15</td><td>Crew walk out of <a href="/facts/Operations_and_Checkout_Building/UwCz8DmE">Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building</a></td></tr><tr><td>−03:15:00</td><td>4:12:15 PM</td><td>21:12:15</td><td>Crew transportation to <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A/pnH83f5s">Launch Complex 39A</a> (LC-39A)</td></tr><tr><td>−02:55:00</td><td>4:32:15 PM</td><td>21:32:15</td><td>Crew arrives at pad.</td></tr><tr><td>−02:35:00</td><td>4:52:15 PM</td><td>21:52:15</td><td>Crew ingress</td></tr><tr><td>−02:20:00</td><td>5:07:15 PM</td><td>22:07:15</td><td>Communication check</td></tr><tr><td>−02:15:00</td><td>5:12:15 PM</td><td>22:12:15</td><td>Verify ready seat rotation</td></tr><tr><td>−02:14:00</td><td>5:13:15 PM</td><td>22:13:15</td><td>Suit leak checks</td></tr><tr><td>−01:55:00</td><td>5:32:15 PM</td><td>22:32:15</td><td>Hatch close</td></tr><tr><td>−01:10:00</td><td>6:17:15 PM</td><td>23:17:15</td><td><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> state upload to Dragon</td></tr><tr><td>−00:45:00</td><td>6:42:15 PM</td><td>23:42:15</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a> launch director verifies go for propellant load</td></tr><tr><td>−00:42:00</td><td>6:45:15 PM</td><td>23:45:15</td><td>Crew access arm retracts</td></tr><tr><td>−00:37:00</td><td>6:49:15 PM</td><td>23:49:15</td><td>Dragon <a href="/facts/Launch_escape_system/nPGKUesD">launch escape system</a> is armed.</td></tr><tr><td>−00:35:00</td><td>6:52:15 PM</td><td>23:52:15</td><td><a href="/facts/RP-1/wDI7vNdu">RP-1</a> (rocket grade kerosene) loading begins; 1st stage <a href="/facts/Liquid_oxygen/qnI0KDTb">LOX</a> (liquid oxygen) loading begins.</td></tr><tr><td>−00:16:00</td><td>7:11:15 PM</td><td>00:11:15</td><td rowspan="17">16 November2020</td><td>2nd stage LOX loading begins.</td></tr><tr><td>−00:07:00</td><td>7:20:15 PM</td><td>00:20:15</td><td><a href="/facts/Falcon_9/mNck6vby">Falcon 9</a> begins engine chill prior to launch.</td></tr><tr><td>−00:05:00</td><td>7:22:15 PM</td><td>00:22:15</td><td>Dragon transitions to internal power</td></tr><tr><td>−00:01:00</td><td>7:26:15 PM</td><td>00:26:15</td><td>Command flight computer to begin final prelaunch checks; propellant tank pressurization to flight pressure begins.</td></tr><tr><td>−00:00:45</td><td>7:26:30 PM</td><td>00:26:30</td><td>SpaceX launch director verifies go for launch.</td></tr><tr><td>−00:00:03</td><td>7:27:12 PM</td><td>00:27:12</td><td>Engine controller commands engine ignition sequence to start.</td></tr><tr><td>+00:00:00</td><td>7:27:17 PM</td><td>00:27:17</td><td>Liftoff</td></tr><tr><td>+00:00:58</td><td>7:28:15 PM</td><td>00:28:15</td><td><a href="/facts/Max_q/tMrQbxDI">Max Q</a> (moment of peak mechanical stress on the rocket)</td></tr><tr><td>+00:02:37</td><td>7:29:54 PM</td><td>00:29:54</td><td>1st stage main engine cutoff (MECO)</td></tr><tr><td>+00:02:40</td><td>7:29:57 PM</td><td>00:29:57</td><td>1st and 2nd stages separate</td></tr><tr><td>+00:02:48</td><td>7:30:05 PM</td><td>00:30:05</td><td>2nd stage engine starts</td></tr><tr><td>+00:07:29</td><td>7:34:46 PM</td><td>00:34:46</td><td>1st stage entry burn</td></tr><tr><td>+00:08:50</td><td>7:36:07 PM</td><td>00:36:07</td><td>2nd stage engine cutoff (SECO-1)</td></tr><tr><td>+00:08:59</td><td>7:36:16 PM</td><td>00:36:16</td><td>1st stage landing burn</td></tr><tr><td>+00:09:29</td><td>7:36:46 PM</td><td>00:36:46</td><td>1st stage landing</td></tr><tr><td>+00:12:03</td><td>7:39:20 PM</td><td>00:39:20</td><td>Crew Dragon separates from 2nd stage</td></tr><tr><td>+00:12:48</td><td>7:40:05 PM</td><td>00:40:05</td><td>Dragon nosecone open sequence begins</td></tr><tr><td>+1/</td><td>9:22 PM</td><td>02:22</td><td rowspan="4">17 November2020</td><td>Dragon starts the final phase of the approach to the ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></td></tr><tr><td>+1/03:33</td><td>11:01 PM</td><td>04:01</td><td>Soft Capture to the ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></td></tr><tr><td>+1/03:33</td><td>11:01 PM</td><td>04:01</td><td>Dragon docked to the ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></td></tr><tr><td>+1/05:34</td><td>1:02 AM</td><td>6:02</td><td>Hatch opened.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></td></tr><tr><td>+167</td><td>8:35 PM</td><td>01:35</td><td>1 May2021</td><td>Undocked from the ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></td></tr><tr><td>+167</td><td>2:56 AM</td><td>7:56</td><td>2 May2021</td><td>Splashed down and recovery in the Gulf of Mexico.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2>
SpaceX Crew-1
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Spaceflight portal</li></ul>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to SpaceX Crew-1.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Boeing_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">Boeing Starliner</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2/0D3BuCxE">Crew Dragon Demo-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_2/Wy8kUegK">SpaceX Dragon 2</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">NASA (25 May 2020). "CCP - Press Kit". Commercial Crew Program. NASA. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020. The Crew; Victor Glover SpaceX Crew-1; Mike Hopkins SpaceX Crew-1; Soichi Noguchi SpaceX Crew-1; Shannon Walker SpaceX Crew-1 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ccp-press-kit/main.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ccp-press-kit/main.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Shireman, Kirk (14 May 2020). "HEO NAC May 2020 International Space Station Status" (PDF). nasa.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020. Fall 2020 – SpaceX Crew-1 Launch and Dock [...] Demo2 in May/2020, Crew-1 in Fall/2020 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/iss_nac_may_2020_final.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/iss_nac_may_2020_final.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Glover, Victor [@VicGlover] (12 April 2019). "1st crewed Dragon Mission=DM-2 or Demo-2. 2nd crewed Dragon Mission (and 1st long duration ISS Mission)=Crew-1 or Crew One" (Tweet). Retrieved 26 May 2020 – via Twitter. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" target="_blank">/wiki/Victor_J._Glover</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">The Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission was the first crewed flight, but was considered as a test flight, not an operational flight <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2" target="_blank">/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Corbett, Tobias; Barker, Nathan (15 November 2020). "With Resilience, NASA and SpaceX Begin Operational Commercial Crew flights". NASASpaceFlight.com. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/crew1-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/crew1-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">15 November 2020 19:27:17 Eastern Standard Time (EST), 16 November 2020 00:27:17 UTC <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Heiney, Anna (14 August 2020). "NASA, SpaceX Targeting October for Next Astronaut Launch". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 27 August 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2020/08/14/nasa-spacex-targeting-october-for-next-astronaut-launch/" target="_blank">https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2020/08/14/nasa-spacex-targeting-october-for-next-astronaut-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Sheetz, Michael (3 April 2020). "How NASA and SpaceX plan to launch astronauts in May despite a pandemic". CNBC. Retrieved 10 April 2020. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/03/nasa-spacex-to-launch-astronauts-in-may-despite-coronavirus-pandemic.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/03/nasa-spacex-to-launch-astronauts-in-may-despite-coronavirus-pandemic.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"DM2 CCP Press Kit 2020". Commercial Crew Program. NASA. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ccp-press-kit/main.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ccp-press-kit/main.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Bergin, Chris (6 April 2013). "USCV-1: NASA planners slip first ISS commercial crew mission to late 2017". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 24 April 2020. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/04/uscv-1-nasa-slip-iss-commercial-late-2017/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/04/uscv-1-nasa-slip-iss-commercial-late-2017/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"April 2021 – Commercial Crew Program". blogs.nasa.gov. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/04/" target="_blank">https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/04/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">NASA (25 May 2020). "CCP - Press Kit". Commercial Crew Program. NASA. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020. The Crew; Victor Glover SpaceX Crew-1; Mike Hopkins SpaceX Crew-1; Soichi Noguchi SpaceX Crew-1; Shannon Walker SpaceX Crew-1 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ccp-press-kit/main.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ccp-press-kit/main.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

SpaceX Crew-1 open-in-new

SpaceX Crew-1