Under Article 6.3 of the FIA Sporting Regulations, "A constructor is the person (including any corporate or unincorporated body) which designs the Listed Parts set out in Appendix 6. The make of an engine or chassis is the name attributed to it by its constructor." These "listed parts" include the survival cell, the front impact structure, the roll structures and bodywork. However, if the chassis and engine are made by different entities, the constructor comprises both (e.g. McLaren-Mercedes, Lotus-Climax etc.), with the name of the chassis constructor being placed before that of the engine constructor. As both chassis and engine are included in the constructor name, chassis run with different engines are counted as two separate constructors and score points separately. This occurred for the last time in the 1985 season when the Tyrrell team ran their chassis powered by both Ford and Renault engines, scored points with both engines and thus finishing 9th as Tyrrell-Ford and 10th as Tyrrell-Renault in the World Constructors' Championship.
Under article 6.2 of the FIA sporting regulations, "The title of Formula One World Champion Constructor will be awarded to the competitor which has scored the highest number of points". From the inaugural season of the World Constructors' Championship in 1958 up until the 1978 season only the highest-scoring driver in each race for each constructor contributed points towards the World Constructors' Championship (then officially as the International Cup for Formula One Constructors); since the 1979 season points from all cars entered by each constructor have counted towards their championship total.
Before this time, constructors were free to sell their chassis to as many other teams as they liked. Brabham and Lotus chassis were used extensively by other teams during the 1960s and 1970s and several quite competitive privateer teams never built their own chassis. Rob Walker Racing Team was the most successful example, being responsible for the first victories in Formula One for both Cooper and Lotus. The concept of a "works" or "factory" team (i.e. the official team of the company producing the cars, as opposed to a customer team which buys them off the shelf) therefore applied to chassis in the same way as it does in rallying and sports car racing.
There have been some recent exceptions where a specialist company, not itself entered in the championship, has been commissioned to design and build a chassis for a team, e.g. Lola built cars for the Larrousse team (1987-1991) and the Scuderia Italia team (1993) and Dallara built cars for the Scuderia Italia team (1988-1992). Larousse had their points from the 1990 season erased after the FIA decided that they had falsely nominated themselves and not Lola as the chassis constructor. In 1978, the new Arrows team which had been established by former Shadow personnel was sued by Shadow on the grounds that the Arrows FA/1 car was a copy of Shadow's DN9 – a view upheld by the UK High Court, which placed a ban on Arrows racing the FA/1. There have been more recent cases with Ligier (1995), Sauber (2004), Scuderia Toro Rosso (2006–2007) and Super Aguri (2007–2008) where teams have been accused of using a chassis produced by another constructor (respectively Benetton, Ferrari, Red Bull Racing and Honda). No action was taken against any of these teams, the sporting authorities being satisfied in each case that the team owned the intellectual property to the chassis they raced.
The number of cars entered by one team into a single race was not strictly limited in the 1950s and early 1960s. Since the 1963 season teams were generally allowed to enter only two regular cars, with the third car reserved for an occasional driver. This rule was further promoted in the 1974 season when the permanent racing numbers were assigned to each team in pairs, with the third car having the racing number out of the pair. Entering more than three cars was exceptionally tolerated, most notably regarding the BRM team in the 1971 and 1972 seasons. However, many teams during this period entered only two cars, e.g. Ferrari have entered no more than two cars (with one exception at the 1976 Italian Grand Prix in connection with Lauda's comeback) every season since 1973. Since the 1985 season the FIA have required that teams enter no more than two cars for a race; during this season Renault became the last team to have entered three cars for a race at the 1985 German Grand Prix, but only two of their cars were eligible for championship points.
Teams take the nationality of their parent National Automobile Club that issued their licence for the period of validity of that licence and the change of the nationality is allowed. Several teams changed their nationality during their competition in Formula One, some of them even twice (e.g. Shadow in 1976 from American to British, Benetton in 1996 from British to Italian, Red Bull in 2007 from British to Austrian, Renault in 2011 from French to British and in 2016 back to French). At the 1997 German Grand Prix Benetton became the only team to have achieved victories while racing under two different nationalities. The team's nationality, determined by a racing licence that a team holds, subsequently determines a national anthem played after a race on the podium in honour of a winning team following a national anthem played in honour of a winning driver.
Relating to the team's nationality because of teams' bases in Britain several mistakes occurred on official entry lists issued by or podium ceremonies organized by the FIA or race organisers, e.g. Wolf holding the Canadian nationality and Shadow (in 1973) and Penske both holding the American nationality all identified as the British teams by official entry lists, or the British national anthem played on the podium in honour of the Irish-licensed Jordan team and the Austrian-licensed Red Bull team when they achieved their maiden victories at the 1998 Belgian Grand Prix and 2009 Chinese Grand Prix respectively.
* All constructor's wins
** First win for the constructor
*** Team's only championship race
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Budzinski, Oliver; Feddersen, Arne (March 2019). "Measuring Competitive Balance in Formula One Racing" (PDF). Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers. 25 (121): 5, 7. ISSN 0949-3859. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021 – via EconStor. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/195190/1/1662796994.pdf
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Dodgins, Tony (14 November 2020). "2020 Turkish Grand Prix qualifying: Stroll skates to pole in Istanbul". Motor Sport. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2021. https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2020-turkish-grand-prix-qualifying-stroll-skates-to-pole-in-istanbul
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Verlin, Kurt (10 October 2017). "Quick Guide to Formula One Constructors". The News Wheel. Retrieved 2 February 2020. https://thenewswheel.com/quick-guide-to-formula-one-constructors/
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The Equipe Banco Occidental team became the last privateer team to have entered a Williams car for a race alongside the Williams works team at the 1981 Spanish Grand Prix, but eventually withdrew before the practice and qualifying. /wiki/Emilio_de_Villota
"1973 Belgian Grand Prix Entry list". https://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Zolder-1973-05-20e.jpg
"1976 Italian Grand Prix Entry list". http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Monza-1976-09-12e.jpg
"FIA International Sporting Code" (PDF). FIA.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 13 October 2013. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015. 9.5.2 All Drivers, irrespective of the nationality of their Licence, participating in any FIA World Championship Competition, shall retain the nationality of their passport in all official documents, publications and prize‐giving ceremonies. http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/regulation/file/2014%20International%20Sporting%20Code%20%28FR-EN%29.pdf
FIA international sporting regulations Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine para 112 http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/917D67F70F1C5EE7C12573B7003DCEC5/$FILE/CSI%20modif%20ap%20AGO%20oct%2007%20ANG%20-%20Applic.%2001.01.08%20-%20clean.pdf?Openelement
"Shadow". StatsF1. Retrieved 6 May 2022. https://www.statsf1.com/en/shadow.aspx
"Benetton". StatsF1. Retrieved 6 May 2022. https://www.statsf1.com/en/benetton.aspx
"Red Bull". StatsF1. Retrieved 6 May 2022. https://www.statsf1.com/en/red-bull.aspx
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E.g. both in 2000 and 2001 Benetton was owned by the French company Renault and was based in Britain, yet in case of win an Italian anthem would have been played for a winning team because the French-owned British-based team held an Italian licence in both seasons. /wiki/2000_Formula_One_World_Championship
"Cooper T51 entered by the Rob Walker team (1959 Monaco Grand Prix)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://sk.pinterest.com/pin/1959-gp-monaco-stirling-moss-cooper-t51-climax--440649144769226493/
"Brabham BT3 entered by the Brabham team in 1962". 25 July 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://www.classiccarphotos.co.uk/latest-news/jack-brabhams-first-f1-grand-prix-car-1962-brabham-bt3-climax
"McLaren M2B entered by the McLaren team (1966 Monaco Grand Prix)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://sk.pinterest.com/pin/1966-gp-monaco-bruce-mclaren-mclaren-m2b-ford--440649144767379269/
"1970 Austrian Grand Prix Entry list"."1970 United States Grand Prix Entry list"."1971 Austrian Grand Prix Entry list". https://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Zeltweg-1970-08-16e.jpg
"Guy Ligier in Cooper-Maserati (1966 Dutch Grand Prix)". 4 January 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/guy-ligier-cooper-maserati-t81-grand-prix-of-the-news-photo/898352250
"1978 United States Grand Prix Entry list". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Watkins_Glen-1978-10-01e.jpg
"1979 United States Grand Prix Entry list". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Watkins_Glen-1979-10-07e.jpg
"1973 Austrian Grand Prix Entry list". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Zeltweg-1973-08-19e.jpg
"1975 Belgian Grand Prix Entry list". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Zolder-1975-05-25e.jpg
"1975 United States Grand Prix Entry list". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Watkins_Glen-1975-10-05e.jpg
"1998 Belgian Grand Prix podium ceremony". 6 May 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/12831524/was-wrong-anthem-really-played-jordan-won-their-first-grand-prix
"2009 Chinese Grand Prix podium ceremony". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://www.motor1.com/news/15117/china-plays-wrong-anthem-to-mark-rbr-win/
"Case History". Corktree.tripod.com. Retrieved 8 May 2015. http://corktree.tripod.com/Case_History.html
Barretto, Lawrence (26 June 2013). "Motorsport Valley – the home of Formula 1". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/23048643
Between 1954–1955 based in Germany. /wiki/1954_Formula_One_season
Red Bull had a British licence in 2005 and 2006.[40] /wiki/2005_Formula_One_World_Championship
From 1993 to 2005 and from 2011 to 2018 as Sauber; from 2006 to 2010 as BMW Sauber; from 2024 as Kick Sauber.[41] /wiki/1993_Formula_One_World_Championship
From 1993 to 2005, from 2010 to 2018 and from 2024 onwards Sauber had a Swiss licence (in 2010 as BMW Sauber and from 2024 onwards as Kick Sauber); from 2006 to 2009, a German one (as BMW Sauber). /wiki/1993_Formula_One_World_Championship
In 1949 and 1950, AFM participated in the German Formula 2 championship.[42] /wiki/Formula_2
From 1950 to 1951 and from 1979–1985 Alfa Romeo had an Italian licence; from 2019 to 2023, they carried a Swiss one due to being operated under Sauber Motorsport's guise.[43] /wiki/1950_Formula_One_season
Peter de Klerk contested the 1963 and 1965 South African Grands Prix in a home-built "Alfa Special"
From 1950 to 1959, Alta was also an engine manufacturer for teams HWM, Cooper and Connaught.[44] /wiki/Hersham_and_Walton_Motors
Arrows were known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996.[45] /wiki/Footwork_Arrows
In 1964 and 1967, ATS was an engine manufacturer for teams Derrington-Francis and Cooper, racing at the 1964 Italian and 1967 British Grands Prix with Mário de Araújo Cabral and Silvio Moser.[46] /wiki/1964_Formula_One_season
BAR formerly Tyrrell; subsequently became Honda, then Brawn, then Mercedes.[41] /wiki/Tyrrell_Racing
Benetton formerly Toleman; subsequently became Renault, then Lotus F1 then Renault again, then Alpine.[41] /wiki/Toleman
From 1986 to 1995 Benetton had a British licence; from 1996 to 2001, an Italian one.[47] /wiki/1986_Formula_One_World_Championship
Coloni subsequently became Andrea Moda.[48] /wiki/Andrea_Moda_Formula
"Saga of Audacity: Eagle F1 – Dan Gurney's All American Racers". All American Racers. Retrieved 23 January 2016. http://allamericanracers.com/gurney_grand-prix/eagle_f1-story.html
"Eurobrun". StatsF1. Retrieved 28 March 2022. https://www.statsf1.com/en/eurobrun.aspx
"1975 Austrian Grand Prix Entry list". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 13 February 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Zeltweg-1975-08-17e.jpg
Force India formerly Jordan, Midland and Spyker; subsequently became Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[41] /wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix
Frank Williams Racing Cars includes Politoys (1972), Iso-Marlboro (1973-1974) and Wolf-Williams (1976) cars. Prior to 1972 FWRC ran customer chassis. Subsequently became Wolf. Williams Grand Prix Engineering was a new constructor established by Frank Williams and Patrick Head after Williams left Wolf-Williams.[52] /wiki/Frank_Williams_Racing_Cars#Politoys_and_the_FX3
Jaguar formerly Stewart Grand Prix. Subsequently became Red Bull Racing.[41] /wiki/Stewart_Grand_Prix
Jordan subsequently became Midland F1 Racing, then Spyker, then Force India, then Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[41] /wiki/Midland_F1_Racing
"itv.com/f1 – The day EJ beat them all". ITV F1. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20070527061529/http://www.itv-f1.com/Feature.aspx?Type=General&PO_ID=39312
Leyton House formerly March Engineering.[54] /wiki/March_Engineering
From 1981 to 1982 as Talbot Ligier; subsequently became Prost Grand Prix.[55] /wiki/1981_Formula_One_World_Championship
Lola includes Larrousse (1990) and MasterCard Lola (1997) entries.[56] /wiki/Larrousse
March subsequently became Leyton House Racing, later reappearing as March for one final season.[54] /wiki/Leyton_House_Racing
Marussia formerly Virgin Racing, subsequently became Manor Racing.[57][58] /wiki/Virgin_Racing
From 2012 to 2014 Marussia had a Russian licence; in 2015 a British one.[59] /wiki/2012_Formula_One_World_Championship
Midland formerly Jordan Grand Prix; subsequently became Spyker F1, then Force India, then Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[41] /wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix
Minardi subsequently became Scuderia Toro Rosso, then AlphaTauri.[41] /wiki/Scuderia_Toro_Rosso
Osella subsequently became Fondmetal.[60] /wiki/Fondmetal
"1974 United States Grand Prix Entry list". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 23 January 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.racingsportscars.com/covers/_Watkins_Glen-1974-10-06e.jpg
Prost formerly Ligier.[55] /wiki/Equipe_Ligier
Racing Point Force India formerly Jordan, Midland, Spyker and Force India; subsequently became Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[41] /wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix
Racing Point formerly Jordan, Midland, Spyker, Force India and Racing Point Force India; subsequently became Aston Martin.[41] /wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix
Renault had a British licence in 2011.[62] /wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship
From 1973 to 1975 Shadow had an American licence; from 1976 to 1980, a British one.[63] /wiki/1973_Formula_One_season
Spyker formerly Jordan Grand Prix and Midland F1 Racing; subsequently became Force India, then Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[41] /wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix
Stewart subsequently became Jaguar Racing.[41] /wiki/Jaguar_Racing
Toleman subsequently became Benetton Formula.[41] /wiki/Benetton_Formula
Scuderia Toro Rosso formerly Minardi; subsequently became AlphaTauri.[41] /wiki/Minardi
Tyrrell subsequently became British American Racing.[41] /wiki/British_American_Racing
Virgin subsequently became Marussia F1, then Manor Racing.[57][58] /wiki/Marussia_F1
Virgin had a British licence in 2010 and a Russian one in 2011.[64] /wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship
Wolf formerly Frank Williams Racing Cars.[52] /wiki/Frank_Williams_Racing_Cars
"The story of Formula 1's first winning Wolf". 12 December 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/the-story-of-formula-1-s-first-winning-wolf/
"Canada's first Formula 1 team has wealthy backer, Scheckter". The Montreal Gazette. 10 November 1976. Retrieved 7 February 2015. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19761110&id=Qk8xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3218,2715219
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"1981 Spanish Grand Prix Entry list". https://www.racingsportscars.com/f1/entry/Jarama-1981-06-21.html
In 1952 and 1953 Scuderia Platé built their own engines for the Maserati-Platé 4CLT. /wiki/Maserati_4CL_and_4CLT#The_Platé_4CLT