Arkham

<h2 id="in-lovecrafts-stories">In Lovecraft's stories</h2>
Arkham is the home of Miskatonic University, which features prominently in many of Lovecraft's works. The institution finances the expeditions in the novellas, <a href="/facts/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness/oKbnWe79">At the Mountains of Madness</a> (1936) and <a href="/facts/The_Shadow_Out_of_Time/Wmaqld5w">The Shadow Out of Time</a> (1936). <a href="/facts/The_Dreams_in_the_Witch_House/JyjNbpM7">Walter Gilman</a>, of "<a href="/facts/The_Dreams_in_the_Witch_House/JyjNbpM7">The Dreams in the Witch House</a>" (1933), attends classes at the university. Other notable institutions in Arkham are the Arkham Historical Society and the Arkham <a href="/facts/Sanatorium/ISurvlms">Sanitarium</a>. It is said in "<a href="/facts/Herbert_West%25E2%2580%2594Reanimator/soRoroa1">Herbert West—Reanimator</a>" that the town was devastated by a typhoid outbreak in 1905.

Arkham's main newspaper is the Arkham Advertiser, which has a circulation that reaches as far as <a href="/facts/Dunwich_(Lovecraft)/swC7V6V3">Dunwich</a>. In the 1880s, its newspaper is called the Arkham Gazette.
Arkham's most notable characteristics are its <a href="/facts/Gambrel/TzJcS1dX">gambrel</a> roofs and the dark legends that have surrounded the city for centuries.

<h3>Location</h3>
The precise location of Arkham is unspecified, although it may be surmised from Lovecraft's stories to be some distance to the north of <a href="/facts/Boston/exjfn6xf">Boston</a>, probably in <a href="/facts/Essex_County%2c_Massachusetts/gku5HCdA">Essex County, Massachusetts</a>. 
<a href="/facts/Will_Murray_(writer)/G41Sq4Yp">Will Murray</a> places Arkham in central Massachusetts and suggests it is based on the village of <a href="/facts/Oakham%2c_Massachusetts/sVbGSfvr">Oakham</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> Robert D. Marten rejects this and equates Arkham with <a href="/facts/Salem%2c_Massachusetts/VoujDzut">Salem</a>, with its name coming from Arkwright, Rhode Island (now part of Fiskville).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
<a href="/facts/August_Derleth/VaqrNycf">August Derleth</a> describes Arkham as "Lovecraft's own well-known, widely used place-name for legend-haunted Salem, Massachusetts",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> and Lovecraft himself, in a letter to F. Lee Baldwin dated April 29, 1934, wrote that "[my] mental picture of Arkham is of a town something like Salem in atmosphere [and] style of houses, but more hilly [and] with a college (which Salem [lacks]) ... I place the town [and] the imaginary Miskatonic [River] somewhere north of Salem—perhaps near Manchester."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
Arkham Sanitarium appears in the short story "<a href="/facts/The_Thing_on_the_Doorstep/MN1TfnQz">The Thing on the Doorstep</a>" and may have been inspired by the Danvers State Insane Asylum, (<a href="/facts/Danvers_State_Hospital/jhSAtYke">Danvers State Hospital</a>) in Danvers, Massachusetts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> Danvers State Hospital itself appears in Lovecraft's stories "<a href="/facts/Pickman%2527s_Model/f5l2FSn5">Pickman's Model</a>" and <a href="/facts/The_Shadow_over_Innsmouth/Pm30PgSf">The Shadow over Innsmouth</a>.

<h3>Miskatonic University</h3>
Miskatonic University is a <a href="/facts/Fictional_location/Js7EJJnu">fictional university</a> located in Arkham, near the banks of the (fictional) Miskatonic River. Lovecraft concocted the word Miskatonic as a mixture of root words from the <a href="/facts/Algonquian_languages/q1d12Dh2">Algonquian languages</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> the source of many place-names throughout <a href="/facts/New_England/ufw2BmSl">New England</a>. Anthony Pearsall believes the name is based on the <a href="/facts/Housatonic_River/Vh5zugeL">Housatonic River</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> which flows from from the <a href="/facts/Berkshires/e8vdXALH">Berkshires</a> of <a href="/facts/Western_Massachusetts/cT0HtQIn">Western Massachusetts</a> and western <a href="/facts/Connecticut/LeDhYdJG">Connecticut</a> to <a href="/facts/Long_Island_Sound/9nqbXkUX">Long Island Sound</a>.
After first appearing in <a href="/facts/H._P._Lovecraft/hUATuFcN">H. P. Lovecraft</a>'s 1922 story "<a href="/facts/Herbert_West%25E2%2580%2593Reanimator/soRoroa1">Herbert West–Reanimator</a>", the school was mentioned in numerous <a href="/facts/Cthulhu_Mythos/RSx70Lyj">Cthulhu Mythos</a> stories by Lovecraft and other writers. The story "<a href="/facts/The_Dunwich_Horror/u5ek60hf">The Dunwich Horror</a>" implies that Miskatonic University is a elite university on par with <a href="/facts/Harvard_University/Lhy9L1cx">Harvard</a>, and that Harvard and Miskatonic are the two most popular schools for the Massachusetts "Old Gentry". It is modeled on the northeastern <a href="/facts/Ivy_League/BJchlDEN">Ivy League</a> universities of Lovecraft's day, perhaps <a href="/facts/Brown_University/o9MRu4jx">Brown University</a> in his hometown <a href="/facts/Providence%2c_Rhode_Island/77kh9zJT">Providence</a>, which Lovecraft himself wished to attend.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> Miskatonic's student body is implied to be all-male like northeastern universities of Lovecraft's time. The only female student mentioned is <a href="/facts/Characters_of_the_Cthulhu_Mythos/xqdIDgU7">Asenath Waite</a> in "<a href="/facts/The_Thing_on_the_Doorstep/MN1TfnQz">The Thing on the Doorstep</a>" (1937).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> 
The university library is famous for its collection of <a href="/facts/List_of_Cthulhu_Mythos_books/01mxAVk9">occult books</a>, including one of the handful of genuine copies of the <a href="/facts/Necronomicon/h8jDXDBq">Necronomicon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> Other tomes include <a href="/facts/Unaussprechlichen_Kulten/pGRCWDF4">Unaussprechlichen Kulten</a> and the fragmentary <a href="/facts/Cthulhu_Mythos_arcane_literature/01mxAVk9">Book of Eibon</a>. Notable faculty members mentioned in Lovecraft's stories included doctors <a href="/facts/Characters_of_the_Cthulhu_Mythos/xqdIDgU7">Henry Armitage</a> and <a href="/facts/Characters_of_the_Cthulhu_Mythos/xqdIDgU7">Francis Morgan</a> in The Dunwich Horror, and <a href="/facts/Characters_of_the_Cthulhu_Mythos/xqdIDgU7">Professor William Dyer</a> in At the Mountains of Madness. Later authors would people the university with their own characters.

<h2 id="appearances">Appearances</h2>
<h3>Lovecraft's fiction</h3>
Dates are the year written.
Arkham first appeared in Lovecraft's short story "<a href="/facts/The_Picture_in_the_House/HlR39jqR">The Picture in the House</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> (1920), which is also the first to mention "Miskatonic".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
It appears in other stories by Lovecraft, including:

<ul><li>"<a href="/facts/Herbert_West%25E2%2580%2593Reanimator/soRoroa1">Herbert West–Reanimator</a>" (1921–<a href="/facts/1922_in_literature/77yU1dbJ">1922</a>); first story to mention "Miskatonic University"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Unnamable_(short_story)/yssShELN">The Unnamable</a>" (1923)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Silver_Key/d6K9RuqC">The Silver Key</a>" (1926)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Colour_Out_of_Space/8epLJBcN">The Colour Out of Space</a>" (1927)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Dunwich_Horror/u5ek60hf">The Dunwich Horror</a>" (1928)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Whisperer_in_Darkness/uUDIwhDV">The Whisperer in Darkness</a>" (1930); Albert N. Wilmarth is described as a folklorist and assistant professor of English at Miskatonic University.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness/oKbnWe79">At the Mountains of Madness</a> (1931); one of the ships is named Arkham<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/The_Shadow_over_Innsmouth/Pm30PgSf">The Shadow over Innsmouth</a> (1931)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Dreams_in_the_Witch_House/JyjNbpM7">The Dreams in the Witch House</a>" (1932)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/Through_the_Gates_of_the_Silver_Key/LxbhQzyn">Through the Gates of the Silver Key</a>" (1932–1933)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Thing_on_the_Doorstep/MN1TfnQz">The Thing on the Doorstep</a>" (1933); first to mention "Arkham Sanitarium"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/facts/The_Shadow_Out_of_Time/Wmaqld5w">The Shadow Out of Time</a>" (1934–1935)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a></li></ul>
<h3>Other appearances</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Arkham_Asylum/HuXrCF5h">Arkham Asylum</a> is a high-security asylum in the <a href="/facts/DC_Universe/J97wlIsz">DC Universe</a>, run by the <a href="/facts/Eponym/2q9tXlTQ">eponymous</a> Amadeus Arkham, where many <a href="/facts/Gotham_City/4dQTALc2">Gotham City</a> <a href="/facts/Supervillains/X0u1CIur">supervillains</a>, including the <a href="/facts/Joker_(comics)/J33YPIwU">Joker</a>, are kept under guard.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Editor <a href="/facts/Jack_C._Harris/HIYLnArH">Jack C. Harris</a> and writer <a href="/facts/Dennis_O%2527Neil/F9n0GrcN">Dennis O'Neil</a> picked the name as a homage to Lovecraft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Arkham_Horror/cltyjWyD">Arkham Horror</a> is a cooperative adventure board-game based on H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. Players explore the town of Arkham while attempting to stop unmentionable horrors from spilling into the world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Splatterhouse_(2010_video_game)/FeX2uKsd">Splatterhouse</a> takes place in Arkham, Massachusetts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/The_Haunted_Palace/HHgJIBBm">The Haunted Palace</a>, the 1963 film directed by <a href="/facts/Roger_Corman/lHWwxk80">Roger Corman</a> and based on H. P. Lovecraft's novella <a href="/facts/The_Case_of_Charles_Dexter_Ward/rr4asPl4">The Case of Charles Dexter Ward</a>, is set in Arkham.</li>
<li>Arkham appears in <a href="/facts/The_Real_Ghostbusters/Kl7MMxlI">The Real Ghostbusters</a>, season 2, episode 32, titled The Collect Call of Cthulhu (October 27, 1987), when members of the Ghostbusters go to Miskatonic University to get information on how to stop <a href="/facts/Cthulhu/8na8U6M3">Cthulhu</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Suitable_Flesh/V8GXoHLW">Suitable Flesh</a>, a 2023 film starring <a href="/facts/Heather_Graham/Djo9jp7u">Heather Graham</a>, directed by <a href="/facts/Joe_Lynch_(director)/0saLCo7p">Joe Lynch</a>, and based on the H.P. Lovecraft story <a href="/facts/The_Thing_on_the_Doorstep/MN1TfnQz">The Thing on the Doorstep</a>, takes place in Arkham. Character Asa Waite is a student at Miskatonic University.</li></ul>
<h3>Novels</h3>
<ul><li>Arkham is the primary setting of Steven Philip Jones' Lovecraftian: The Shipwright Circle, part of his Lovecraftian series which reimagines the weird tales of <a href="/facts/H._P._Lovecraft/hUATuFcN">H. P. Lovecraft</a> into one single universal modern epic.</li>
<li>Arkham is the setting the 2006 anthology <a href="/facts/Arkham_Tales/EvLGSmgQ">Arkham Tales</a> published by <a href="/facts/Chaosium/p3bW3b9d">Chaosium</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a></li>
<li>In the 2005 novel <a href="/facts/The_Arcanum_(novel)/EMN3eSzr">The Arcanum</a>, Lovecraft himself is said to have been involved in solving a case involving a witch cult in Arkham.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a></li>
<li>Arkham is mentioned in two novels by <a href="/facts/Charles_Stross/wqhGEpN1">Charles Stross</a>. In <a href="/facts/The_Atrocity_Archives/SbEIDGyA">The Atrocity Archives</a>, a philosopher is attracted to Arkham due to the "unique library" there.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> In <a href="/facts/The_Jennifer_Morgue/SbEIDGyA">The Jennifer Morgue</a>, the occult branch of the American intelligence community, code-named "<a href="/facts/Black_Chamber/egpv5a9G">Black Chamber</a>", is headquartered in Arkham.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h3>Primary sources</h3>
<ul><li>Lovecraft, Howard P.
<ul><li>At the Mountains of Madness, and Other Novels (7th corrected printing), S. T. Joshi (ed.), Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1985. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-87054-038-6. Definitive version.</li>
<li>Dagon and Other Macabre Tales, S. T. Joshi (ed.), Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1987. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-87054-039-4. Definitive version.</li>
<li>The Dunwich Horror and Others (9th corrected printing), S. T. Joshi (ed.), Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1984. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-87054-037-8. Definitive version.</li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>Secondary sources</h3>
<h4>Books</h4>
<ul><li>Harms, Daniel (1998). <a href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacthu00dani/page/10">"Arkham"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Encyclopedia_Cthulhiana/zQp8vEDk">The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana</a> (2nd ed.). Oakland, CA: Chaosium. pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacthu00dani/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-56882-119-0.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/S._T._Joshi/d2Iy55h5">Joshi, S. T.</a>; Schultz, David E. (2001). "Arkham". An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 6–7. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-313-31578-7.</li></ul>
<h4>Web sites</h4>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060106155321/http://www.arkhamhouse.com/about.htm">"About Arkham House Publishers"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.arkhamhouse.com/about.htm">the original</a> on January 6, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2006.</li>
<li>Joseph Morales. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507000319/http://baharna.com/cmythos/NewEngland/Danvers/danvers.htm">"A Short Tour of Lovecraftian New England"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://baharna.com/cmythos/NewEngland/Danvers/danvers.htm">the original</a> on May 7, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2006.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207125435/http://www.baharna.com/cmythos/arkham.htm">"Lovecraft's Map of Arkham"</a>, from The Cthulhu Mythos: A Guide</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Manguel, Alberto; Guadalupi, Gianni (1987). The Dictionary of Imaginary Places. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 20–21. ISBN 0-15-626054-9. <a href="0-15-626054-9" target="_blank">0-15-626054-9</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Cf. "About Arkham House" web site. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Voger, Mark; Voglesong, Kathy (2006). The Dark Age: Grim, Great & Gimmicky Post-Modern Comics. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 1-893905-53-5. <a href="1-893905-53-5" target="_blank">1-893905-53-5</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Murray, Will (October 1, 1986). "In Search of Arkham Country". Lovecraft Studies. Five (2): 54–67 – via Internet Archive. <a href="https://archive.org/details/Lovecraft_Studies_13v05n02_1986-Fall_CosmicJukebox/page/n13/mode/2up?view=theater" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/Lovecraft_Studies_13v05n02_1986-Fall_CosmicJukebox/page/n13/mode/2up?view=theater</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Marten, Robert D. (2011). "Arkham Country: In Rescue of the Lost Searchers". In Joshi, S. T. (ed.). Dissecting Cthulhu: Essays on the Cthulhu Mythos. Lakeland, FLA: Miskatonic River Press. pp. 174–176. ISBN 9780982181874. <a href="9780982181874" target="_blank">9780982181874</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"About Arkham House" web site. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Joshi & Schultz, pp. 6–7. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Joseph Morales notes in his "A Short Tour of Lovecraftian New England" (web site) that Danvers "is mentioned in passing in some of Lovecraft's stories, and may also be the inspiration for HPL's fictional Arkham Sanitarium". <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Lovecraft, Selected Letters III, p. 432. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Harms, Daniel (2008). The Cthulhu mythos encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Lake Orion, MI: Elder Signs Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-934501-05-4. <a href="978-1-934501-05-4" target="_blank">978-1-934501-05-4</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Pearsall, "Miskatonic River (Valley)", The Lovecraft Lexicon, p. 281. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Ross Wells. 2002.
EXploZion!
iUniverse. p. 15 <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Pearsall, "Miskatonic University", The Lovecraft Lexicon, p. 281. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Lovecraft, Howard P (1980). A History of The Necronomicon. West Warwick, RI: Necronomicon Press. ISBN 978-0-318-04715-7. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008 – via Mythos Tomes. <a href="978-0-318-04715-7" target="_blank">978-0-318-04715-7</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 117. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 117. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Lovecraft, H. P. (1987). Dagon and other macabre tales. selected by August Derleth, text edited by S. T. Joshi, introduction by T. E. D. Klein (Corr. 5th print. ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 0870540394. <a href="0870540394" target="_blank">0870540394</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Lovecraft, H. P. (1987). Dagon and other macabre tales. selected by August Derleth, text edited by S. T. Joshi, introduction by T. E. D. Klein (Corr. 5th print. ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House Publishers. p. 200. ISBN 0870540394. <a href="0870540394" target="_blank">0870540394</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Lovecraft, H. P. (1985). S. T. Joshi (ed.). At the mountains of madness, and other novels. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (Corr. 7. print. ed.). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. p. 413. ISBN 0870540386. <a href="0870540386" target="_blank">0870540386</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 53. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 165. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Lovecraft, H. P. (1985). S. T. Joshi (ed.). At the mountains of madness, and other novels. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (Corr. 7. print. ed.). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. p. 6. ISBN 0870540386. <a href="0870540386" target="_blank">0870540386</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 305. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Lovecraft, H. P. (1985). S. T. Joshi (ed.). At the mountains of madness, and other novels. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (Corr. 7. print. ed.). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. p. 262. ISBN 0870540386. <a href="0870540386" target="_blank">0870540386</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Lovecraft, H. P. (1985). S. T. Joshi (ed.). At the mountains of madness, and other novels. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (Corr. 7. print. ed.). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. p. 422. ISBN 0870540386. <a href="0870540386" target="_blank">0870540386</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 276. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Lovecraft, H. P. (1963). S.T. Joshi (ed.). The Dunwich horror and others. selected by August Derleth, introduction by Robert Bloch (corrected 7. printing ed.). Sauk City, Wis.: Arkham House. p. 370. ISBN 0870540378. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="0870540378" target="_blank">0870540378</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">O'Neil, Dennis (2008). Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City. BenBella Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-933771-30-4. <a href="978-1-933771-30-4" target="_blank">978-1-933771-30-4</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Voger, Mark; Voglesong, Kathy (2006). The Dark Age: Grim, Great & Gimmicky Post-Modern Comics. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 1-893905-53-5. <a href="1-893905-53-5" target="_blank">1-893905-53-5</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Arkham Horror". Board Game Geek. Retrieved February 20, 2019. <a href="https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/34/arkham-horror" target="_blank">https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/34/arkham-horror</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">McAllister, Jeff (December 7, 2010). "Splatterhouse easter eggs and references guide". gamesradar. <a href="https://www.gamesradar.com/splatterhouse-easter-eggs-and-references-guide/" target="_blank">https://www.gamesradar.com/splatterhouse-easter-eggs-and-references-guide/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"The Real Ghostbusters (a Titles & Air Dates Guide)". Episode Guides. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119095529/http://epguides.com/RealGhostbusters/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151119095529/http://epguides.com/RealGhostbusters/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Arkham Tales". Chaosium. Archived from the original on March 17, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317041851/http://www.chaosium.com/arkham-tales/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150317041851/http://www.chaosium.com/arkham-tales/</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"The Arcanum". LibraryThing. Archived from the original on December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 18, 2023. <a href="https://www.librarything.com/work/382540" target="_blank">https://www.librarything.com/work/382540</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Stross, Charles (January 3, 2006). The Atrocity Archives. Penguin. ISBN 9781101208847. Retrieved March 3, 2015. <a href="9781101208847" target="_blank">9781101208847</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Stross, Charles (November 4, 2010). The Jennifer Morgue. Little, Brown Book. ISBN 9780748124145. Retrieved December 20, 2015. <a href="9780748124145" target="_blank">9780748124145</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Arkham open-in-new

Arkham