Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Perst
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Perst was launched in 2003, in Russia. It was designed to achieve high-performance by tightly integrating the database with the programming language: Perst directly stores data in the language objects. In 2006 McObject LLC, based in Issaquah, WA took over the development of Perst. It continues to offer free downloads and has added commercial license options. </p><p>Perst was first written in Java, and ported to C#. Although originally designed for desktop- and server-based software, Perst has also found usage in providing database management for mobile applications running on devices such as <a href="/facts/Smartphone/cSIrBMWG">smartphones</a>. These mobile devices typically have hardware constraints, with limited RAM and few CPU cycles available and non-standard (for database systems) operating requirements (such as support for <a href="/facts/Java_Platform%2c_Micro_Edition/wsJJf7lq">Java ME</a>, or <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Silverlight/SYKe8yL1">Silverlight</a> in the Windows Phone 7 mobile platform).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="versions">Versions</h2> <p>Currently available versions of Perst are Perst for <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET</a>, Perst for Java and Perst Lite. Perst for Java and Perst Lite are bundled in a single software distribution. </p><p>Perst for .NET supports C# versions 1.0 and 2.0 with the same source code. Support for specific C# 2.0 features (such as template classes) is provided at compile time. It is compatible with both standard and compact .NET frameworks, as well as Silverlight, and can operate on both Microsoft Windows Phone 7 (WP7) and <a href="/facts/Windows_Embedded_Compact_7/FMfw3fdw">Windows Embedded Compact</a> (formerly Windows CE). </p><p>Perst for Java supports <a href="/facts/Java_Platform%2c_Standard_Edition/1HMPhdsv">J2SE</a>/<a href="/facts/Java_Platform%2c_Enterprise_Edition/7AAStd35">J2EE versions</a> 1.3 and 1.4, as well as J2SE/J2EE version 5. It is compatible with the Android smartphone environment. </p><p>Perst Lite is the Perst for Java implementation that runs on devices (such as BlackBerry smartphones) based on the Java ME (J2ME) mobile device platform. It has a <a href="/facts/Memory_footprint/wnS6TgpY">memory footprint</a> approximately 30 percent smaller than standard Perst.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="in-detail">In detail</h2> <h3>Size</h3> <p>The Perst engine’s size is 5,000 lines of <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a>, and its <a href="/facts/Run_time_(program_lifecycle_phase)/lCxKsrzB">run time</a> <a href="/facts/Random-access_memory/DuD4bxh6">random-access memory</a> (RAM) needs range from 30K to 300K.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a>] </p> <h3>Transactions</h3> <p>Perst <a href="/facts/Database_transaction/q1Etrsl8">transactions</a> support the <a href="/facts/ACID/FySU18n1">ACID</a> properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) with automatic recovery. </p> <h3>Querying</h3> <p>Perst provides a subset of <a href="/facts/SQL/UjQLJcYm">SQL</a> for filtering elements of a <a href="/facts/Container_(data_structure)/KdjDzR7v">container class</a>. For access to stored objects, Perst implements specialized collection classes including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/B-tree/IHE2l8GR">B-tree</a> <a href="/facts/Index_(database)/TRqmk9It">indexes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/R-tree/9X5AQWln">R-tree</a> indexes</li> <li><a href="/facts/In-memory_database/Am2VvJs4">In-memory database</a> <a href="/facts/Container_(data_structure)/KdjDzR7v">container classes</a> based on <a href="/facts/T-tree/WprNkoa2">T-trees</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/K-d_tree/XuhcfKKq"><i>k</i>-d tree</a> indexes</li> <li><a href="/facts/Radix_tree/a1JKJPYc">Radix tree</a> (Patricia trie) indexes</li> <li><a href="/facts/Time_series/fSXPR817">Time series</a> class to deal efficiently with small fixed-size objects, such as stock quotes</li> <li>Specialized versions of collections for thick indexes (indexes with many duplicates) and bit indexes (keys with a restricted number of possible values)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Schema evolution</h3> <p>To facilitate changes to an existing database design (<a href="/facts/Logical_schema/K0EbrogL">database schema</a>), Perst implements "lazy" database <a href="/facts/Schema_evolution/RfA2sV2y">schema evolution</a>. When an object instance is loaded from the database, its class descriptor is compared with the format of the class in the application. If they are not identical, and the object is to be changed, then the object is converted and stored in the new format. With an "eager" schema evolution format changes would sweep through the database all at once. </p> <h3>Additional features</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)/j2vlIu7g">Garbage collection</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thread_(computer_science)/hh8WHyPd">Multi-threaded</a></li> <li>Support for <a href="/facts/Language_Integrated_Query/qz61xeUf"> Language Integrated Query (LINQ)</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a> import/export <a href="/facts/Utility_software/Hn3XtISQ">utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Master%2fslave_(technology)/8APze020">Master/slave</a> <a href="/facts/Replication_(computer_science)/QIaooMjL">replication</a> support, with the option to run <a href="/facts/Filesystem_permissions/DHq5SwI4">read-only</a> queries on slave nodes</li> <li>Full text search<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li>Integration with <a href="/facts/AspectJ/0ctawTQj">AspectJ</a> and JAssist <a href="/facts/Aspect-oriented_programming/HK7CFwan">aspect-oriented programming</a> tools<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="example-implementations">Example Implementations</h2> <p>ProScout is a demo midlet for using Perst Lite in the Java ME environment. The demonstration is of a discrete note-taking facility for a sports recruiter. Originally implemented for the <a href="/facts/BlackBerry/k9LGPyg5">Blackberry</a>, it has also been deployed on the <a href="/facts/S60_(software_platform)/NfBtjoKf">Nokia S60</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>McObject provides a demo app of a <a href="/facts/Customer_relationship_management/Y74q0uXB">CRM system</a> using Perst for .NET, including a fully text-searchable contact database that runs in the desktop browser in Silverlight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Andy Wigley, of appamundi, ported this demo app to Windows Phone and described the project in a series of blog postings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="licensing">Licensing</h2> <p>Users can redistribute and/or modify Perst under the terms of the <a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GNU General Public License</a> (version 2 or later) as published by the <a href="/facts/Free_Software_Foundation/k0sBmw7y">Free Software Foundation</a>. For individuals or organizations that cannot or do not wish to comply with the GPL, a commercial license is available from McObject. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.mcobject.com/perst">Official website</a> at McObject</li> <li><a href="http://meapplicationdevelopers.java.net/mcobject/perst.html">Perst - ProScout </a> pages on Java.Net Mobile & Embedded Community website.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>See, for example, “Building a database for Windows Phone 7 qualifies as epic,” from Brandon Watson, Microsoft Director of Developer Experience for Windows Phone 7, in his blog post Windows Phone 7 Device Requests, 6/17/2010. <a href="http://www.manyniches.com/windows-phone/windows-phone-7-device-requests" target="_blank">http://www.manyniches.com/windows-phone/windows-phone-7-device-requests</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Database duo deliver Windows Phone 7 apps storage, The Register, 6/30/2010. <a href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/06/30/windows_phone_7_database/" target="_blank">https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/06/30/windows_phone_7_database/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Embedded database engine for Silverlight applications, Architecture + Strategy blog, MSDN. <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dachou/archive/2009/07/11/embedded-database-engine-for-silverlight-applications.aspx" target="_blank">http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dachou/archive/2009/07/11/embedded-database-engine-for-silverlight-applications.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Developing an object-oriented database for J2ME-based embedded devices. EE Times, 12/14/2006. This article discusses the technical challenges that had to be overcome in Java ME (J2ME) in order to support an ODBMS in that environment. <a href="http://eetimes.com/design/embedded/4025971/Developing-an-object-oriented-database-for-J2ME-based-embedded-devices" target="_blank">http://eetimes.com/design/embedded/4025971/Developing-an-object-oriented-database-for-J2ME-based-embedded-devices</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Databases for Java ME, part 2: Not just JavaDB but also Perst Lite, Terrence Barr’s blog on Java.Net. 12/7/2007 Archived 2012-02-26 at the Wayback Machine. Barr, a Sun Microsystems evangelist for Java ME, in this blog post and in a preceding one (Need A Database With Your Phone?, 9/5/20070 Archived 2011-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, describes the emerging demand for data management in applications that run on Java ME-based smartphones, and the handful of database systems available to satisfy this need. <a href="http://weblogs.java.net/blog/terrencebarr/archive/2007/12/databases_for_y.html" target="_blank">http://weblogs.java.net/blog/terrencebarr/archive/2007/12/databases_for_y.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>McObject releases Perst, an open source embedded database for Java. Java Developer’s Journal, 2/9/2006 <a href="http://java.sys-con.com/node/181228" target="_blank">http://java.sys-con.com/node/181228</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>McObject releases Perst vs. SQLite benchmark on Android. Dr. Dobb’s Journal, 1/2/2008 <a href="http://drdobbs.com/database/205207102" target="_blank">http://drdobbs.com/database/205207102</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Embedded database adds LINQ support". Archived from the original on 2013-02-09. eWeek’s Windows For Devices, 6/9/2008 <a href="https://archive.today/20130209183243/http://www.windowsfordevices.com/c/a/News/Embedded-database-adds-LINQ-support/" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130209183243/http://www.windowsfordevices.com/c/a/News/Embedded-database-adds-LINQ-support/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>McObject Released Perst 4.0, New Native Full-Text Search and More for Android. Archived 2011-05-20 at the Wayback Machine Open Handset Magazine, 1/27/2009 <a href="http://openhandsetmagazine.com/2009/01/mcobject-released-perst-40-new-native-full-text-search-and-more-for-android/" target="_blank">http://openhandsetmagazine.com/2009/01/mcobject-released-perst-40-new-native-full-text-search-and-more-for-android/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>For further discussion of features see McObject’s Perst embedded database specification; also its Perst for Java: Introduction and Tutorial and Perst for .NET: Introduction and Tutorial <a href="http://www.mcobject.com/perst_database_spec" target="_blank">http://www.mcobject.com/perst_database_spec</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Porting a Java ME Midlet Between Blackberry and Nokia S40 and S60 Devices, http://eetimes.com/design/embedded/4007203/Porting-a-Java-ME-Midlet-Between-Blackberry-and-Nokia-S40-and-S60-Devices <a href="http://eetimes.com/design/embedded/4007203/Porting-a-Java-ME-Midlet-Between-Blackberry-and-Nokia-S40-and-S60-Devices" target="_blank">http://eetimes.com/design/embedded/4007203/Porting-a-Java-ME-Midlet-Between-Blackberry-and-Nokia-S40-and-S60-Devices</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Perst and Silverlight Embedded Database Demo Application <a href="http://www.mcobject.com/silverlight-demo" target="_blank">http://www.mcobject.com/silverlight-demo</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Perst - a database for Windows Phone 7 Silverlight <a href="http://mobileworld.appamundi.com/blogs/andywigley/archive/2010/06/07/perst-a-database-for-windows-phone-7-silverlight.aspx" target="_blank">http://mobileworld.appamundi.com/blogs/andywigley/archive/2010/06/07/perst-a-database-for-windows-phone-7-silverlight.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>