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Yambaru
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<h2 id="biodiversity">Biodiversity</h2> <p>According to the <a href="/facts/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature/u8NgdHjK">WWF</a>, Yambaru is the habitat of over four thousand species, with eleven animals and twelve plants bizarre to the area. Many of these are <a href="/facts/Threatened_species/kryGsxNb">threatened species</a> on the <a href="/facts/IUCN_Red_List/8gemqCLu">IUCN Red List</a> and 177 feature on the Red List of the <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_the_Environment_(Japan)/y6RQxkzD">Ministry of the Environment</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Rare species include the flightless <a href="/facts/Okinawa_rail/8JT5xCIU">Okinawa rail</a> (<i>Yambaru kuina</i> in Japanese), <a href="/facts/Okinawa_woodpecker/MF345Ryk">Okinawa woodpecker</a> (<a href="/facts/List_of_Special_Places_of_Scenic_Beauty%2c_Special_Historic_Sites_and_Special_Natural_Monuments/cum7VtnM">Special Natural Monument</a>), <a href="/facts/Ryukyu_robin/HC17JFJd">Ryukyu robin</a>, <a href="/facts/Amami_woodcock/4608T47J">Amami woodcock</a>, <a href="/facts/Ryukyu_black-breasted_leaf_turtle/xbFgxVwg">Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle</a>, <a href="/facts/Anderson%2527s_crocodile_newt/nJgoVbQm">Anderson's crocodile newt</a>, <a href="/facts/Ishikawa%2527s_frog/M90PCT23">Ishikawa's frog</a>, <a href="/facts/Holst%2527s_frog/3QantR0I">Holst's frog</a>, <a href="/facts/Namiye%2527s_frog/C2elJXg1">Namiye's frog</a>, <a href="/facts/Ryukyu_long-tailed_giant_rat/I37QCp2a">Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat</a>, and <a href="/facts/Muennink%2527s_spiny_rat/WrJmvsSn">Muennink's spiny rat</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> All these species, with the exception of the Ryukyu robin, are classified as <a href="/facts/Endangered_species/L7cIweSW">endangered</a>; the Muennink's spiny rat, the Okinawa woodpecker, and Yambaru whiskered bat being <a href="/facts/Critically_endangered/UI5nTQwF">critically endangered</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Okinawa_woodpecker/MF345Ryk">Okinawa woodpecker</a> in particular is threatened both by the presence of American <a href="/facts/Bell_Boeing_V-22_Osprey/Ytjrq0mB">Ospreys</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> from the US Marine bases on the island and by the construction of six new <a href="/facts/Helipad/Xgx5vasD">helipads</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> in the forest. </p> <h2 id="conservation-and-tourism">Conservation and tourism</h2> <p>The Yambaru Wildlife Conservation Centre (Ufugi Nature Museum) (やんばる野生生物保護センター (ウフギー自然館)) opened in 1999 to increase understanding of the area; in 2010 it reopened after renovation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> The area is being promoted by <a href="/facts/Okinawa_Prefecture/2PNlxv5K">Okinawa Prefecture</a> for <a href="/facts/Ecotourism/JPq6Vyz2">ecotourism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li>Okinawa Yambaru Seawater Pumped Storage Power Station</li> <li><a href="/facts/Okinawa_Prefecture/2PNlxv5K">Issue of US bases in Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ry%25C5%25ABky%25C5%25AB_Kingdom/fKFl8pj2">Ryūkyū Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_national_parks_of_Japan/mdpesMlv">National Parks in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan/EPVsDQsv">World Heritage Sites in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ogasawara_Islands/vGNVKnTT">Ogasawara Islands</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yanbaru. <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050205130937/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/jp/tokusyu_8/map.htm">Map of Yambaru</a> (area marked in green on smaller map)</li> <li><a href="http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/biodiv/reddata.html">State of Japan’s Environment at a Glance: Extinct and Endangered Species Listed in the Red Data Book</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Ufugi Nature Museum" (PDF). Yambaru Wildlife Conservation Centre. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.ufugi-yambaru.com/annai/images/panfu_e.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ufugi-yambaru.com/annai/images/panfu_e.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"United States Marine Corps Installations Natural Resource Program: Camp Smedley D. Butler, MCB" (PDF). United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 19 February 2012.[dead link] <a href="http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Tanji Miyumi (2006). Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-415-36500-0. <a href="978-0-415-36500-0" target="_blank">978-0-415-36500-0</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Wild forest area in northern Okinawa designated as 33rd national park". The Japan Times. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016. <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/15/national/wild-forest-area-northern-okinawa-designated-33rd-national-park/#.V_kolDKZNBw" target="_blank">http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/15/national/wild-forest-area-northern-okinawa-designated-33rd-national-park/#.V_kolDKZNBw</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, the northern part of Okinawa Island and Iriomote Island". UNESCO. Retrieved 8 October 2016. <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6160/" target="_blank">https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6160/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Japan prepares to nominate more sites for registration on global list". The Japan Times. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120101c7.html" target="_blank">http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120101c7.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Govt to select candidate for World Natural Heritage". Yomiuri Shimbun. 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T120217004973.htm" target="_blank">http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T120217004973.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"United States Marine Corps Installations Natural Resource Program: Camp Smedley D. Butler, MCB" (PDF). United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 19 February 2012.[dead link] <a href="http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Chapron, Guillaume (et al.) (4 October 2010). "Biodiversity 100: actions for Asia". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/oct/04/biodiversity-100-actions-asia" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/oct/04/biodiversity-100-actions-asia</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Japan prepares to nominate more sites for registration on global list". The Japan Times. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120101c7.html" target="_blank">http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120101c7.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"No Military Helipads in Yambaru Forest" (PDF). World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/lib/yambaru0706e.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/lib/yambaru0706e.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Chapron, Guillaume (et al.) (4 October 2010). "Biodiversity 100: actions for Asia". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/oct/04/biodiversity-100-actions-asia" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/oct/04/biodiversity-100-actions-asia</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Itō Yosiaki (et al.) (2000). "Imminent extinction crisis among the endemic species of the forests of Yambaru, Okinawa, Japan". Oryx. 34 (4). Cambridge University Press: 305–316. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00136.x. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3008.2000.00136.x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3008.2000.00136.x</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"United States Marine Corps Installations Natural Resource Program: Camp Smedley D. Butler, MCB" (PDF). United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 19 February 2012.[dead link] <a href="http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"No Military Helipads in Yambaru Forest" (PDF). World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/lib/yambaru0706e.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/lib/yambaru0706e.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Rare species in Yambaru". Okinawa Prefecture. Archived from the original on 2009-09-09. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090909190020/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/jp/tokusyu_8/dou_syoku.htm#" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090909190020/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/jp/tokusyu_8/dou_syoku.htm#</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Dendrocopos noguchii". IUCN. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/100600743/0" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/100600743/0</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Myotis yanbarensis". IUCN. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/29484/0" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/29484/0</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Ospreys drive Okinawa woodpeckers from Takae; watchers warn". <a href="http://english.ryukyushimpo.jp/2014/11/10/15822/" target="_blank">http://english.ryukyushimpo.jp/2014/11/10/15822/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Gov't seeks to register Okinawa forest utilized as US military training field as world heritage site - @JapanPress_wky". <a href="http://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=9516" target="_blank">http://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=9516</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Helipad project resumes in Okinawa after barrier removed：The Asahi Shimbun". www.asahi.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-23. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160723190528/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201607220079.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160723190528/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201607220079.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Ufugi Nature Museum" (PDF). Yambaru Wildlife Conservation Centre. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.ufugi-yambaru.com/annai/images/panfu_e.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ufugi-yambaru.com/annai/images/panfu_e.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Wildlife Conservation Centres in Japan" (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/guide/yaseiseibutsu.html" target="_blank">http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/guide/yaseiseibutsu.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Cook, Chris (28 March 2008). "Finding the real Okinawa in Yambaru". The Japan Times. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fv20080328a1.html" target="_blank">http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fv20080328a1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Ishimori Shuzo. "Ecotourism in Okinawa: Yambaru". Okinawa Prefecture. Archived from the original on 2011-10-30. Retrieved 19 February 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111030064500/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/a_la/tokusyu_8/isimori.htm#" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20111030064500/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/a_la/tokusyu_8/isimori.htm#</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>