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Gaudi script
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<h2 id="naming">Naming</h2> <p>The Gaudi script is named after the <a href="/facts/Gauda_Kingdom/64jFt3ty">Gauda Kingdom</a> (Gāuṛ Rājya) of <a href="/facts/Gau%25E1%25B8%258Da_(region)/mLMdqP62">Gauḍa (region)</a> in ancient <a href="/facts/Bengal/xp3t2Dyd">Bengal</a> by the German scholar <a href="/facts/Georg_B%25C3%25BChler/W25JyRsS">Georg Bühler</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Medieval <a href="/facts/Gau%25E1%25B8%258Da_(region)/mLMdqP62">Gauḍa (region)</a> is currently known as <a href="/facts/Bengal/xp3t2Dyd">Bengal (region)</a>. Despite this name, the script was also used in <a href="/facts/Assam/64Hs7TwB">Assam</a>, <a href="/facts/Bihar/T5Ga9JF8">Bihar</a>, <a href="/facts/Odisha/ofAWpAgu">Odisha</a>, <a href="/facts/Jharkhand/eYFQURjk">Jharkhand</a>, neighbouring parts of <a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2">Nepal</a> and <a href="/facts/Rakhine_State/MJ7PAbBI">Rakhine</a> in <a href="/facts/Myanmar/zcqQH2oE">Myanmar</a>. The script is called by different names in different regions such as Proto-Assamese, Proto-Bengali, Proto-Maithili, Proto-Oriya. Which is why Sureshchandra Bhattacharyya suggests neutral names such as the abbreviated Proto-BAM, Proto-BAMO.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The Gaudi script appeared in <a href="/facts/History_of_India/ntYkAYDQ">ancient Eastern India</a> as a northeastern derivative of the <a href="/facts/Siddham_alphabet/McxAxntx">Siddham</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> derived from <a href="/facts/Gupta_script/9JPzfTgL">Gupta</a>. According to the scholar Bühler, the Gaudi (or <i>Proto-Bengali</i>) script is characterized by its cursive letters and hooks or hollow triangles at the top of the verticals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> In the 11th century, famous <a href="/facts/Persians/4GhM3jl2">Persian</a> scholar <a href="/facts/Al-Biruni/4XbTzrYl">Al-Biruni</a> wrote about the script. He mentioned amongst Indian alphabets, Gaudi is used in the <a href="/facts/Gauda_Kingdom/64jFt3ty">purva desa (Eastern County)</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>The modern eastern scripts (Bengali-Assamese, Odia, and Maithili) became clearly differentiated around the 14th and 15th centuries from Gaudi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> While the scripts in Bengal, Assam and <a href="/facts/Mithila_(region)/9R3FgIY6">Mithila</a> remained similar to each other, the Odia script developed a curved top in the 13th-14th century and became increasingly different.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gauda_Kingdom/64jFt3ty">Gauda Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gau%25E1%25B8%258Da_(region)/mLMdqP62">Gauḍa (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brahmi_script/Bflxwzu6">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brahmic_scripts/mwHJWt6d">Brahmic scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Siddha%25E1%25B9%2583_script/McxAxntx">Siddhaṃ script</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Eastern_Nagari/YV3phTFD">Eastern Nagari</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3. <a href="978-0-19-535666-3" target="_blank">978-0-19-535666-3</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 9780521299442. <a href="9780521299442" target="_blank">9780521299442</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3. <a href="978-0-19-535666-3" target="_blank">978-0-19-535666-3</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Sircar, Dineschandra (1971). Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-81-208-0690-0. <a href="978-81-208-0690-0" target="_blank">978-81-208-0690-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Bhattacharyya, Sureshchandra (1969). The evolution of script in North-Eastern India from C.A.D. 400 to 1200, with special reference to Bengal (phd). ProQuest LLC (2018). pp. 56–58. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029794. <a href="https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/" target="_blank">https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3. <a href="978-0-19-535666-3" target="_blank">978-0-19-535666-3</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>(Bhattacharyya 1969:55) - Bhattacharyya, Sureshchandra (1969). The evolution of script in North-Eastern India from C.A.D. 400 to 1200, with special reference to Bengal (phd). ProQuest LLC (2018). pp. 56–58. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029794. <a href="https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/" target="_blank">https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Sircar, Dineschandra (1971). Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-81-208-0690-0. <a href="978-81-208-0690-0" target="_blank">978-81-208-0690-0</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3. <a href="978-0-19-535666-3" target="_blank">978-0-19-535666-3</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"[T]he phase when the curved tops - so prominent now in many of the Oriya letters - were just appearing, initiating the parting of ways from the proto-[Bengali-Assamese-Maithili] phase. The beginning and progress of this trend can be noticed in many of the Orissa [inscriptions] of the 13th-14th centuries A.D." (Bhattacharyya 1969:56f) - Bhattacharyya, Sureshchandra (1969). The evolution of script in North-Eastern India from C.A.D. 400 to 1200, with special reference to Bengal (phd). ProQuest LLC (2018). pp. 56–58. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029794. <a href="https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/" target="_blank">https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>