Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Aratinga
open-in-new
<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p>The genus <i>Aratinga</i> was introduced in 1824 by the German naturalist <a href="/facts/Johann_Baptist_von_Spix/5sFr0LhS">Johann Baptist von Spix</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Type_species/kL03T6V4">type species</a> was subsequently designated as the <a href="/facts/Sun_parakeet/p2gu3X8B">sun parakeet</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The genus name is from the extinct <a href="/facts/Tupi_language/AGGP472R">Tupi language</a> of Brasil. <i>Ará tinga</i> means "bright bird" or "bright parrot".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Taxonomy_(biology)/Qkg8wuyw">taxonomy</a> of this genus has recently been resolved by splitting it in four genera, as the genus as previously defined was <a href="/facts/Paraphyletic/tmTWjACz">paraphyletic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The species of the <i><a href="/facts/Aratinga_solstitialis/p2gu3X8B">Aratinga solstitialis</a></i> complex<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> were retained in this genus, while other former <i>Aratinga</i> species were moved to <i><a href="/facts/Eupsittula/VT2tyJwr">Eupsittula</a></i> (brownish-throated species), <i><a href="/facts/Psittacara/D7fQTeEL">Psittacara</a></i> (pale-beaked species) and <i><a href="/facts/Blue-crowned_parakeet/HWKvD0dz">Thectocercus</a></i> (blue-crowned parakeet).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Furthermore, the closely related <a href="/facts/Nanday_parakeet/edK2s9PT">nanday parakeet</a> (<i>A. nenday</i>) and the <a href="/facts/Dusky-headed_parakeet/xlN4B3IA">dusky-headed parakeet</a> (<i>A. weddellii</i>) are placed in this genus. The nanday parakeet was previously placed in its own genus based on the differences in coloration and elongated upper mandible, but this was not supported by <a href="/facts/Phylogenetic/bw4rsovt">phylogenetic</a> studies that showed a close relationship with the <i>A. solstitialis</i> species complex.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="species">Species</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="4">Aratinga</th></tr><tr><th>Common and binomial names<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></th><th>Image</th><th>Description</th><th>Native Range</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sun_parakeet/p2gu3X8B">Sun parakeet</a>or sun conure(<i>Aratinga solstitialis</i>)</td><td></td><td>30 cm (11 in) long. Mostly yellow, fading to orange over the head and belly. Yellow, green in the wing featuring cobalt-blue to blue-violet flight feathers and tail feathers. Black beak.</td><td><a href="/facts/South_America/PhrFEMk7">South America</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sulphur-breasted_parakeet/N3RqGQ6g">Sulphur-breasted parakeet</a>(<i>Aratinga maculata</i>)</td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a> and <a href="/facts/Suriname/zjwRFBPL">Suriname</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jandaya_parakeet/IaewHME6">Jandaya parakeet</a>or jenday conure(<i>Aratinga jandaya</i>)</td><td></td><td>Orange and yellow with green wings and back. Black beak.</td><td><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Golden-capped_parakeet/XaQp1Y4N">Golden-capped parakeet</a>(<i>Aratinga auricapillus</i>)</td><td></td><td>30 cm (12 in) long. Mostly green. Black beak. Orange-red belly, red face fading to yellow over the crown.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dusky-headed_parakeet/xlN4B3IA">Dusky-headed parakeet</a>Weddell's conure ordusky-headed conure(<i>Aratinga weddellii</i>)</td><td></td><td>25–28 cm (10–11 in). Mostly green. Black beak. A grey-brown head, a blue-tipped tail and remiges.</td><td>Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nanday_parakeet/edK2s9PT">Nanday parakeet</a>(<i>Aratinga nenday</i>)</td><td></td><td>Mostly green. Black facial mask and beak. Black trailing flight feathers on wings and long tail edged at the end in blue. Upper chest is bluish-green and lower chest is a paler green. Feathers covering the thighs red.<p>.</p></td><td>southeast <a href="/facts/Bolivia/YNBoDKKR">Bolivia</a> to southwest <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a>, central <a href="/facts/Paraguay/sbzfv4Rl">Paraguay</a> and northern <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/facts/Aratinga_vorohuensis/n0URu0I8">Aratinga vorohuensis</a></i></td><td></td><td></td><td>extinct. Described from <a href="/facts/Late_Pliocene/HTz5dn47">Late Pliocene</a> fossils found in <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="hypothetical-extinct-species">Hypothetical extinct species</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Jean-Baptiste_Labat/Qlu8IncK">Jean-Baptiste Labat</a> described a population of small parrots living on <a href="/facts/Guadeloupe/vwgVTYPm">Guadeloupe</a>, which has been postulated to be a separate species based on little evidence. They were called <i>Conurus labati</i>, and are now referred to as the <a href="/facts/Guadeloupe_parakeet/5DK478qP">Guadeloupe parakeet</a> (<i>Aratinga labati</i>). No specimens or remains of the <a href="/facts/Extinct/24p5NP2q">extinct</a> parrots are known. Their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated, so their postulated status as a separate species is hypothetical, and it is regarded as a <a href="/facts/Hypothetical_extinct_species/EztRRaFl">hypothetical extinct species</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>von Spix, Johann Baptist (1824). Avium species novae, quas Brasiliam anus MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX (in Latin). Vol. 1. Monachii [Munich]: Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_von_Spix" target="_blank">/wiki/Johann_Baptist_von_Spix</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/George_Robert_Gray" target="_blank">/wiki/George_Robert_Gray</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/James_L._Peters" target="_blank">/wiki/James_L._Peters</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. <a href="978-1-4081-2501-4" target="_blank">978-1-4081-2501-4</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Schirtzinger, E.E.; Ferraroni, A.; Silveira, L.F.; Wright, T.F. (2013). "DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae)". Zootaxa. 3641 (3): 296–300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.9. PMID 26287088. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ribas, Camila C.; Miyaki, Cristina Y. (2004). "Molecular systematics in Aratinga parakeets: species limits and historical biogeography in the 'solstitialis' group, and the systematic position of Nandayus nenday". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 663–75. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..663R. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00223-9. PMID 15012946. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Silverira, L.; Höfling, E. (2005). "A new species of Aratinga Parakeet (Psittaformes: Psittacidae) from Brazil, with taxonomical remarks on the Aratinga solstitialis complex". The Auk. 122 (1): 292–305. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0292:ANSOAP]2.0.CO;2. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0292%3AANSOAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0292%3AANSOAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Tavares ES; Baker AJ; Pereira SL; Miyaki CY (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of Neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes : Psittacidae : Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences". Systematic Biology. 55 (3): 454–470. doi:10.1080/10635150600697390. PMID 16861209. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150600697390" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150600697390</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Collar, N.J. (1997). J. del Hoyo; A. Elliot; J. Sargatal (eds.). Family Psittacidae. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 280–479. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Ribas, Camila C.; Miyaki, Cristina Y. (2004). "Molecular systematics in Aratinga parakeets: species limits and historical biogeography in the 'solstitialis' group, and the systematic position of Nandayus nenday". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 663–75. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..663R. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00223-9. PMID 15012946. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Silverira, L.; Höfling, E. (2005). "A new species of Aratinga Parakeet (Psittaformes: Psittacidae) from Brazil, with taxonomical remarks on the Aratinga solstitialis complex". The Auk. 122 (1): 292–305. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0292:ANSOAP]2.0.CO;2. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0292%3AANSOAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0292%3AANSOAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Schirtzinger, E.E.; Ferraroni, A.; Silveira, L.F.; Wright, T.F. (2013). "DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae)". Zootaxa. 3641 (3): 296–300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.9. PMID 26287088. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Schirtzinger, E.E.; Ferraroni, A.; Silveira, L.F.; Wright, T.F. (2013). "DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae)". Zootaxa. 3641 (3): 296–300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.9. PMID 26287088. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.013)". www.zoonomen.net. 2008-12-29. <a href="http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/psit.html" target="_blank">http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/psit.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Sun Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009. <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1572&m=0" target="_blank">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1572&m=0</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga solstitialis. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142601/all" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142601/all</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Sulphur-breasted Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 28 August 2016. <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=22685752&m=0" target="_blank">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=22685752&m=0</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga maculata. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22735551/all" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22735551/all</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Jandaya Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009. <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1573&m=0" target="_blank">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1573&m=0</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga jandaya. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142602/all" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142602/all</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Golden-capped Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009. <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1574&m=0" target="_blank">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1574&m=0</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga auricapillus. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142603/all" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142603/all</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Dusky-headed Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009. <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1575&m=0" target="_blank">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1575&m=0</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga weddellii. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142605/all" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142605/all</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Nanday Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 28 August 2016. <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=22685752&m=0" target="_blank">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=22685752&m=0</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga nenday. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22685752/all" target="_blank">http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22685752/all</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Eduardo P. Tonni & Jorge I. Noriega (1996). "Una nueva especia de Nandayus Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina" [A new species of Nandayus Bonaparte (Aves: Psittaciformes) from the Late Pliocene of Argentina] (PDF). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 69: 97–104. <a href="http://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1996/1/Tonni_&_Noriega_1996.pdf" target="_blank">http://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1996/1/Tonni_&_Noriega_1996.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Fuller, Errol (1987). Extinct Birds. Penguin Books (England). p. 131. ISBN 978-0-670-81787-0. <a href="978-0-670-81787-0" target="_blank">978-0-670-81787-0</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>