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List of ancient peoples of Italy
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<h2 id="speakers-of-non-indo-european-languages">Speakers of non-Indo-European languages</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Prehistoric_Italy/jDTVsTQI">Prehistoric Italy</a></p> <p>Scholars believe - though sometimes on the basis of scanty evidence - that the following peoples spoke non-Indo-European languages. Some of them were <a href="/facts/Pre-Indo-European_languages/2dM0Ts17">Pre-Indo-Europeans</a> or <a href="/facts/Paleo-European_languages/kjGs2oS4">Paleo-Europeans</a> while, with regard to some others, Giacomo Devoto proposed the definition of <a href="/facts/Giacomo_Devoto/TRStCq1h">Peri-Indo-European</a> (i.e. everything that has hybrid characters between Indo-European and non-Indo-European).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h3>Sardinians</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/History_of_Sardinia/xrv3EUkA">History of Sardinia</a>, <a href="/facts/Pre-Nuragic_Sardinia/4hxgcwkp">Pre-Nuragic Sardinia</a>, <a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Corsican_and_Sardinian_tribes/DD3R94yH">List of ancient Corsican and Sardinian tribes</a>, <a href="/facts/Nuragic_civilization/Ak2nnnGN">Nuragic civilization</a>, <a href="/facts/Sherden/dSJXBRlN">Sherden</a>, <a href="/facts/Sea_Peoples/90hbYXJR">Sea Peoples</a>, and <a href="/facts/Prehistory_of_Corsica/F28N3bs8">Prehistory of Corsica</a></p> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Sardinians/Kn4sScxd">Sardinians</a> were possibly <a href="/facts/Sherden/dSJXBRlN">Sherden</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Balares/s8QLj8X3">Balares</a> (Balari)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ilienses/asjsuKcm">Ilienses</a>/<a href="/facts/Ilienses/asjsuKcm">Iolaes</a>/<a href="/facts/Ilienses/asjsuKcm">Diagesbes</a> (Iliensi/Iolei)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Corsi_people/dPv2wb56">Corsi</a> (Possibly related to <a href="/facts/Ligures/FnhIscGK">Ligures</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Tyrrhenians</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Etruscan_civilization/yw3dmLgd">Etruscan civilization</a>, <a href="/facts/Etruscan_society/Gh1PNUkH">Etruscan society</a>, and <a href="/facts/Etruscan_cities/f8WgaCa3">Etruscan cities</a></p> <p>The <a href="/facts/Tyrrhenians/pqnxGQxe">Tyrrhenians</a> were the Etruscans and their linguistic relatives. </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Etruscan_civilization/yw3dmLgd">Etruscans</a> - Centered in <a href="/facts/Etruria/eX6593Hm">Etruria</a> with later influences stretching from the <a href="/facts/Po_Valley/ouh4TXtm">Po Valley</a> to <a href="/facts/Campania/Y5oa60Ej">Campania</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Raeti/rtFzGUTn">Raeti</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Camunni/tUmUc7rJ">Camunni</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Others (classification uncertain)</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/North_Picene/x7oXr1I9">North Picenes</a> - Centered on the <a href="/facts/Adriatic_Sea/v5I5Jl3f">Adriatic</a> Coast with settlements around the region of <a href="/facts/Ancona/fp735qtc">Ancona</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rutuli/YGt3kGAH">Rutuli</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sicani/39JRqcR1">Sicani</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ligures/FnhIscGK">Ligures</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="speakers-of-indo-european-languages">Speakers of Indo-European languages</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Proto-Indo-Europeans/HDhs6TuR">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> <h3>Italo-Celtic</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Italo-Celtic/gU6JsBN9">Italo-Celtic</a></p> <p><a href="/facts/Italic_languages/82W676n0">Italic</a> and <a href="/facts/Celtic_languages/edRrGrMF">Celtic languages</a> are commonly grouped together on the basis of features shared by these two branches and no others. This could imply that they are descended from a common ancestor and/or <a href="/facts/Proto-Celtic/RLla8fIB">Proto-Celtic</a> and <a href="/facts/Proto-Italic/JgdplDSW">Proto-Italic</a> developed in close proximity over a long period of time. </p> <h4>Italic</h4> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Italic_peoples/MqnfE6ew">Italic peoples</a> and <a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Italic_peoples/DRtjdcYq">List of ancient Italic peoples</a></p> <p>Speakers of <a href="/facts/Italic_languages/82W676n0">Italic languages</a> included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Latino-Faliscan_languages/qK6N1ymq">Latino-Faliscans</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Latins_(Italic_tribe)/mtI8015b">Latins</a>- centered around the central plain of Italy between the <a href="/facts/Tiber/zbk9Wajq">Tiber</a> and the <a href="/facts/Alban_Hills/BAJ2qbWg">Alban Hills</a>. <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ancient_Rome/cGqIuxPd">Romans</a>- centered in the city of Rome.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Falisci/xzn5VuWH">Falisci</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Sicels/3l4H6YEb">Sicels</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Adriatic_Veneti/SUJNTeD8">Adriatic Veneti</a> - centered in an area corresponding to the modern-day region of <a href="/facts/Veneto/ejrBn3n0">Veneto</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Carni/jEvQvKfp">Carni</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Catali/YNAISl4t">Catali</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Catari/8mgVFP16">Catari</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Histri/SmNkhtN2">Histri</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Liburnians/CU8peel4">Liburnians</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Lopsi/32Kbtoal">Lopsi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Secusses/EEsn3RfU">Secusses</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Venetulani/XatGrj7y">Venetulani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Umbri/85BBW2Lm">Umbri</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> - Centered in central Italy stretching from the <a href="/facts/Adriatic_Sea/v5I5Jl3f">Adriatic coast</a> to the upper <a href="/facts/Tiber/zbk9Wajq">Tiber</a>. <ul><li><a href="/facts/Sabines/7CPj2jJv">Sabines</a> - Centered north of <a href="/facts/Rome/bh1Ttx3T">Rome</a> and by the river <a href="/facts/Tiber/zbk9Wajq">Tiber</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Marsi/I1rkv57d">Marsi</a> - Centered around <a href="/facts/Fucine_Lake/ceEIYAUX">Lake Fucinus</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Volsci/smyPyNdw">Volsci</a> - Centered on the <a href="/facts/Pontine_Marshes/IXxUyQp0">Pontine</a> plain</li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Picene/RGEl2hGH">South Picenes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Marrucini/rfWqQ8LI">Marrucini</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Oscans/bB918jtL">Oscans</a> - Centered in the part of Italy towards <a href="/facts/Tyrrhenia/eX6593Hm">Tyrrhenia</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Opici/tkoVPyN0">Opici</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aurunci/wUTjN6gv">Aurunci/Ausones</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sidicini/EtyXczP4">Sidicini</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Campanians/LnnCYgr3">Campanians</a> - Centered in the region of <a href="/facts/Naples/SXrFcg2C">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mamertines/9V6h2qqd">Mamertines</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Paeligni/JuJzoBAL">Paeligni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Frentani/p0atTqRw">Frentani</a> - Centered on the southern <a href="/facts/Adriatic_Sea/v5I5Jl3f">Adriatic</a> coast.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Samnites/UTJLRKfQ">Samnites</a> - Centered in central Italy, south-east of <a href="/facts/Rome/bh1Ttx3T">Rome</a> north-east of <a href="/facts/Capua/CLl1eV2r">Capua</a>. <ul><li><a href="/facts/Pentri/FLly8d7A">Pentri</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Caraceni_(tribe)/J7Ic4dHx">Caraceni</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Caudini/FXzGLDQt">Caudini</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hirpini/7pQTfhnC">Hirpini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lucanians/WCtsyfrq">Lucani</a> - Centered on the south-western coast of Italy. <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bruttii/Xyljz4Aa">Bruttii</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Oenotrians/Mu6e861A">Oenotri</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Italic_peoples/DRtjdcYq">Itali</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Morgetes/yp5Gghtk">Morgetes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aequi/RAAJFkAr">Aequi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hernici/RAkTSzNJ">Hernici</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vestini/wCdrNtmo">Vestini</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Euganei/kB1FTVv5">Euganei</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li></ul></li></ul> <h4>Celts</h4> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Lepontii/IMYg40Td">Lepontii</a> and <a href="/facts/Cisalpine_Gaul/tIGgjfkE">Cisalpine Gaul</a></p> <p>The <a href="/facts/Celts/eMCVYAFz">Celts</a> of the Italian peninsula included, </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cisalpine_Gaulish/f0tMUarW">Cisalpine Gauls</a> - Centered in the area south of <a href="/facts/Lepontii/IMYg40Td">Lepontii</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Boii/ckxnTPdB">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Carni/jEvQvKfp">Carni</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cenomani_(Cisalpine_Gaul)/rT2p4PDV">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lingones/q7UKpW7g">Lingones</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Senones/NnokLEMz">Senones</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vertamocorii/tFBC2YEV">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gaesatae/frfWIwNs">Gaesatae</a>?</li> <li><a href="/facts/Insubres/4ylFu6CH">Insubres</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Arverni/CuvUkYnz">Arverni</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Aedui/jg3jbt95">Aedui</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ambarri/6T68H6Xr">Ambarri</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Aulerci/P9FSrvCN">Aulerci</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bituriges_Cubi/v6m1LjmA">Bituriges</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Carnutes/cBvgSVsG">Carnutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Lepontic_language/4nSv4bXC">Lepontics</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Graioceli/PNJ7zTca">Graioceli</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lepontii/IMYg40Td">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Salassi/3b3t4b8t">Salassi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Medulli/r6q5XPFE">Medulli</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ceutrones/WS0c9pJ8">Ceutrones</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Allobroges/GoDYLSec">Allobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Veragri/2NfuvIQ3">Veragri</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Helvetii/AgLYU0Fh">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Seduni/cBpe1x46">Seduni</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h4>Ligures</h4> <p>The <a href="/facts/Ligures/FnhIscGK">Ligures</a>, who may have spoken <a href="/facts/Pre-Indo-European_language/2dM0Ts17">Pre-Indo-European</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> or an <a href="/facts/Indo-European_languages/L34TfgSr">Indo-European language</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ligurian_language_(ancient)/AJKe49JC">Ligures</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Apuani/onNnNxaP">Apuani</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bagienni/6oWKXB1M">Bagienni</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Briniates/2oP0Pj2a">Briniates</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Friniates/LMyNHsPS">Friniates</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Garuli/nsslksdo">Garuli</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hercates/wVKe5jUE">Hercates</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ilvates/JrHAsx6C">Ilvates</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Orobii/dM8S287C">Orobii</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laevi/wwqQ6pDd">Laevi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lapicini/RE6XBMfw">Lapicini</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Marici_(Ligures)/EVXapLCz">Marici</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Segusini/HeKe87gb">Segusini</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Statielli/J8hdRCtE">Statielli</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Taurini/NS3458wX">Taurini</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h3>Greeks</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Magna_Graecia/XdhvdfTN">Magna Graecia</a></p> <p>Sometimes referred in ancient sources as <a href="/facts/Pelasgians/SMTwk4D2">Pelasgi</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> the <a href="/facts/Ancient_Greeks/PTVBrWXq">Ancient Greeks</a> of the Italian peninsula included, </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Achaeans_(tribe)/WDnbhBbL">Achaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dorians/HzCB3zTP">Dorians</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ionians/exb9uVqR">Ionians</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italiotes/BoDyp8Rb">Italiotes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Siceliotes/rwN0voty">Siceliotes</a></li></ul> <h3>Others (classification uncertain)</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Iapygians/8xaky6dt">Iapygians</a> or Apulians (possibly related to <a href="/facts/Illyrians/GlwCC68g">Illyrians</a>) - Centered in an area corresponding to the modern-day region of <a href="/facts/Apulia/svvnMLN5">Apulia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Messapians/2VL2TB5a">Messapians</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Peucetians/xaDV8fE0">Peucetians</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Daunians/vJXVPs60">Daunians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Elymians/BTH51Vgj">Elymians</a>, who inhabited the western part of <a href="/facts/Sicily/E6fug03z">Sicily</a> during the <a href="/facts/Bronze_Age/c09qWcTt">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/facts/Classical_antiquity/JBq8vEX9">Classical antiquity</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="prehistoric-archeological-cultures">Prehistoric <a href="/facts/Archeological_culture/atr9Dx9M">archeological cultures</a></h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Prehistoric_Italy/jDTVsTQI">Prehistoric Italy</a></p> <p>The specific identities or names of the tribes or groups of peoples that practiced these pre-Roman archeological cultures are mostly unknown. The posited existence of these archeological cultures is based on archeological <a href="/facts/Assemblage_(archaeology)/5axlcVQ4">assemblages</a> of <a href="/facts/Artifact_(archaeology)/SftLTFf5">artifacts</a> that share common traits and are found within a certain region and originate within a certain prehistoric period. Therefore, many of these archeological cultures may not necessarily correspond to a specific group of ancient people and, in fact, may have been shared among various groups of ancient peoples. The extent to which an archeological culture is representative of a particular cohesive ancient group of people is open for debate; many of these cultures may be the product of a single ancient Italian tribe or civilization (e.g. <a href="/facts/Latial_culture/qxVchVl4">Latial culture</a>), while others may have been spread among different groups of ancient Italian peoples and even outside of Italy. For example, Latial culture is believed to be the product specifically of the Ancient <a href="/facts/Latins_(Italic_tribe)/mtI8015b">Latin tribe</a>; the <a href="/facts/Canegrate_culture/MRgM3oec">Canegrate culture</a> and <a href="/facts/Golasecca_culture/oeXMGLGQ">Golasecca culture</a> have been associated with various ancient proto-Celtic, Celtic and Ligure tribes including the <a href="/facts/Lepontii/IMYg40Td">Lepontii</a>, <a href="/facts/Orobii/dM8S287C">Orobii</a>, and <a href="/facts/Insubres/4ylFu6CH">Insubres</a>, while other archeological cultures may have been present among multiple groups throughout and beyond the Italian peninsula. </p> <h3><a href="/facts/Neolithic/wRS0Bnh4">Neolithic</a></h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Pre-Nuragic_Sardinia/4hxgcwkp">Pre-Nuragic Sardinia</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cardium_pottery/yd8TaNao">Cardial Culture</a></li> <li>Grotta Verde culture</li> <li>Filiestru culture</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bonu_Ighinu_culture/xg4tWm4a">Bonu Ighinu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/San_Ciriaco_culture/7zwsVBuQ">San Ciriaco culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Arzachena_culture/BKrK5WBX">Arzachena culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ozieri_culture/HSYvoTCl">Ozieri culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gaudo_culture/oHHeqnVW">Gaudo culture</a></li></ul> <h3><a href="/facts/Copper_Age/asevzSXh">Copper Age</a></h3> <ul><li>Pre-Nuragic Sardinia <ul><li><a href="/facts/Abealzu-Filigosa_culture/rB0sSWtS">Abealzu-Filigosa culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Monte_Claro_culture/pVRQPCYD">Monte Claro culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Beaker_culture_in_Sardinia/PIr9AwMF">Sardinian Beaker culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Beaker_culture/agsDNprM">Beaker culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Remedello_culture/UYyomPBw">Remedello culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rinaldone_culture/7CWvNWvX">Rinaldone culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laterza_culture/UTH6R2dI">Laterza culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gaudo_culture/oHHeqnVW">Gaudo culture</a></li> <li>Conelle-Ortucchio culture</li> <li>Serraferlicchio culture</li> <li>Spilamberto group</li></ul> <h3><a href="/facts/Bronze_Age/c09qWcTt">Bronze Age</a></h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Apennine_culture/5lGmT7tq">Apennine culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bonnanaro_culture/uR2bSDRr">Bonnanaro culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nuragic_civilization/Ak2nnnGN">Nuragic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Torrean_civilization/6sAYRKk6">Torrean civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canegrate_culture/MRgM3oec">Canegrate culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Proto-Villanovan_culture/xxb01FJ0">Proto-Villanovan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Polada_culture/b0INl5SU">Polada culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Castelluccio_Culture/Kukvfhxp">Castelluccio Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thapsos_Culture/sj5mGM6K">Thapsos Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Terramare_culture/9KPqnw9b">Terramare culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Castellieri_culture/lA5QjcL4">Castellieri culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Luco-Meluno_culture/69CUYR8Y">Luco-Meluno culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Scamozzina_culture/D7Rpmyav">Scamozzina culture</a></li></ul> <h3><a href="/facts/Iron_Age/mpQYShI0">Iron Age</a></h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Hallstatt_culture/brpJ6dWw">Hallstatt culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture/gsSxxffn">La Tène culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Villanova_culture/hE2gYhTS">Villanova culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Latial_culture/qxVchVl4">Latial culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Este_culture/XFu9AXRJ">Este culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Golasecca_culture/oeXMGLGQ">Golasecca culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Camunni/tUmUc7rJ">Camunni culture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fritzens-Sanzeno_culture/9qJU80hY">Fritzens-Sanzeno culture</a></li></ul> <h2 id="genetics">Genetics</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Bell_Beaker_culture/agsDNprM">Bell Beaker culture § Genetics</a>, <a href="/facts/Urnfield_culture/BUxYt9Sw">Urnfield culture § Genetics</a>, <a href="/facts/Hallstatt_culture/brpJ6dWw">Hallstatt culture § Genetics</a>, <a href="/facts/Celts/eMCVYAFz">Celts § Genetics</a>, <a href="/facts/Etruscan_civilization/yw3dmLgd">Etruscan civilization § Genetic research</a>, and <a href="/facts/Latins_(Italic_tribe)/mtI8015b">Latins (Italic tribe) § Genetics</a></p> <p>A genetic study published in <i><a href="/facts/Science_(journal)/uTyzjkwD">Science</a></i> in November 2019 examined the remains of six <a href="/facts/Latins_(Italic_tribe)/mtI8015b">Latin</a> males buried near <a href="/facts/Rome/bh1Ttx3T">Rome</a> between 900 BC and 200 BC. They carried the paternal haplogroups <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_R-M269/MaVFPE2h">R-M269</a>, <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_T-M184/Be4ltRsz">T-L208</a>, <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_R-M269/MaVFPE2h">R-311</a>, R-PF7589 and <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_R-M269/MaVFPE2h">R-P312</a> (two samples), and the maternal haplogroups <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)/qdoQwm2J">H1aj1a</a>, <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_T_(mtDNA)/T4WYC9Lo">T2c1f</a>, <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)/qdoQwm2J">H2a</a>, <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)/B1svEmHm">U4a1a</a>, <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)/qdoQwm2J">H11a</a> and <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)/qdoQwm2J">H10</a>. A female from the preceding <a href="/facts/Proto-Villanovan_culture/xxb01FJ0">Proto-Villanovan culture</a> carried the maternal haplogroups <a href="/facts/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)/B1svEmHm">U5a2b</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> These examined individuals were distinguished from preceding populations of Italy by the presence of ca. 25-35% <a href="/facts/Steppe_ancestry/S7RecMnM">steppe ancestry</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> Overall, the genetic differentiation between the Latins, <a href="/facts/Etruscans/yw3dmLgd">Etruscans</a> and the preceding proto-villanovan population of Italy was found to be insignificant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Prehistoric_Italy/jDTVsTQI">Prehistoric Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Genetic_history_of_Italy/wQ86sCay">Genetic history of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Italic_peoples/DRtjdcYq">List of ancient Italic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Nuragic_tribes/DD3R94yH">List of Nuragic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/History_of_Italy/S9Vfe3N5">History of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/History_of_the_Mediterranean_region/C9vBpBCf">History of the Mediterranean region</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Etruscan_civilization/yw3dmLgd">Etruscan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pre-Nuragic_Sardinia/4hxgcwkp">Pre-Nuragic Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nuragic_civilization/Ak2nnnGN">Nuragic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Latins_(Italic_tribe)/mtI8015b">Latins (Italic tribe)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Prehistory_of_Corsica/F28N3bs8">Prehistory of Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Prehistory_of_Malta/DtuatNDc">Prehistory of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/History_of_Sardinia/xrv3EUkA">History of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/History_of_Sicily/aJl2zx5X">History of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Celtic_tribes/AHn8bIdd">List of Celtic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Germanic_peoples/kjAxNdwN">List of ancient Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes/9YUMz5gB">List of ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Iranian_peoples/2754eIxR">List of ancient Iranian peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italo-Celtic/gU6JsBN9">Italo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Magna_Graecia/XdhvdfTN">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rock_Drawings_in_Valcamonica/RaTWbJNR">Rock Drawings in Valcamonica</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Osco-Umbrian_languages/yGffDuqX">Osco-Umbrian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Roman_Kingdom/mTCRBulj">Roman Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Founding_of_Rome/BIB1jEEe">Founding of Rome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Aeneid/s75oF7LS">Aeneid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/facts/Old_Latium/xa2C2QYr">Old Latium</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Antonio, Margaret L.; et al. (November 8, 2019). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093155">"Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Science_(journal)/uTyzjkwD">Science</a></i>. 366 (6466). <a href="/facts/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science/zfWYugCg">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>: 708–714. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Sci...366..708A">2019Sci...366..708A</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aay6826">10.1126/science.aay6826</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093155">7093155</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31699931">31699931</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li>"<a href="https://www.prin-italia-antica.unifi.it/index.html?newlang=eng">Languages and Cultures of Ancient Italy. 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Geography. <a href="/wiki/Strabo" target="_blank">/wiki/Strabo</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>G. Micali, Storia degli antichi popoli italiani, Tomo II, Firenze 1832, p. 24. <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Kruta, Venceslas (1991). The Celts. Thames and Hudson. pp. 52–56. <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Stifter, David (2008). Old Celtic Languages (PDF). pp. 24–37. <a href="http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/download/Stifter/oldcelt2008_2_lepontic.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/download/Stifter/oldcelt2008_2_lepontic.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"LinguistList: Lepontic". Archived from the original on 2011-12-22. 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Indoeuropeo di tipo celtico?). <a href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/liguri" target="_blank">http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/liguri</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"Ligurian language". Britannica.com. 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2015-08-29. <a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/340884/Ligurian-language" target="_blank">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/340884/Ligurian-language</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Herodotus, Histories, ΚΛΕΙΩ 1.56.2: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐφρόντιζε ἱστορέων τοὺς ἂν Ἑλλήνων δυνατωτάτους ἐόντας προσκτήσαιτο φίλους. ἱστορέων δὲ εὕρισκε Λακεδαιμονίους τε καὶ Ἀθηναίους προέχοντας, τοὺς μὲν τοῦ Δωρικοῦ γένεος, τοὺς δὲ τοῦ Ἰωνικοῦ. ταῦτα γὰρ ἦν τὰ προκεκριμένα, ἐόντα τὸ ἀρχαῖον τὸ μὲν ΠελασγικόνTranslation: Then he set out to examine who among the "Greeks" were the strongest, whom he could make friends with. And searching, he found that the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians were distinguished, the former among the Dorians, the latter among the Ionians. Because these nations were the best known, being in the old days the last Pelasgian [1] <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" target="_blank">/wiki/Herodotus</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>"IAPIGI" (in Italian). Retrieved 3 July 2023. <a href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/iapigi_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/" target="_blank">https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/iapigi_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"Gli Elimi: storia e archeologia di Segesta, Erice, Entella". www.arkeomania.com. 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