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Rodeo Drive
open-in-new
<h2 id="pronunciation">Pronunciation</h2> <p>The word <i><a href="/facts/Rodeo/RBmwgYzs">rodeo</a></i> as a term referring to the cowboy sports can be pronounced with the stress on either the first (/ˈroʊ.di.oʊ/) or second (/roʊˈdeɪ.oʊ/) syllable; the latter is its Spanish pronunciation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> For the street in Beverly Hills, however, only the latter pronunciation is used; the former pronunciation is used to refer to Rodeo Road in Los Angeles, which has since been renamed <a href="/facts/Obama_Boulevard/NfLqqxWz">Obama Boulevard</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Early history</h3> <p>In 1906, <a href="/facts/Burton_E._Green/PtAjcHUS">Burton E. Green</a> (1868–1965) and other investors purchased the property that would become <a href="/facts/Beverly_Hills/enbBhsjT">Beverly Hills</a>, formerly named <a href="/facts/Rancho_Rodeo_de_las_Aguas/pDTc2e9I">Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas</a>, with plans for a mixed-use <a href="/facts/Subdivision_(land)/NM9uTq8u">subdivision</a> with a branch of the <a href="/facts/Pacific_Electric_Railway/pYsPkHMk">Los Angeles and Pacific Railway</a> running North on Rodeo Drive before turning west at <a href="/facts/Sunset_Boulevard/kmvt34Y7">Sunset Boulevard</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> They <a href="/facts/Plat/fssEnsyc">platted</a> the street that very year, in 1906.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> By 1907, 75 ft × 160 ft (23 m × 49 m) parcels on Rodeo were selling for $1,100 each.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> It became a bridle path in 1912, when the <a href="/facts/Beverly_Hills_Hotel/29lkjsky">Beverly Hills Hotel</a> was built on a former lima bean field.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> By November 1925, similar lots were selling for between $15,000 and $30,000, almost double what they'd been selling for in September.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Pacific_Electric/pYsPkHMk">Pacific Electric</a> Red Cars operated over the street to the Beverly Hills Hotel as the <a href="/facts/Coldwater_Canyon_Line/r1LwTY7v">Coldwater Canyon Line</a> between 1907 and 1923.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <p>The central part of Rodeo eventually became a business street with hardware stores, gas stations,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> beauty shops, and bookstores. The men's store Carroll & Company opened shop on Rodeo Drive in 1950.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Anderton_Court_Shops/tvGB57wV">Anderton Court Shops</a> building at 332 N. Rodeo was designed by <a href="/facts/Frank_Lloyd_Wright/bdIS237F">Frank Lloyd Wright</a> in 1952.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> In 1958, real estate developer <a href="/facts/Marvin_Kratter/DMYUcJcl">Marvin Kratter</a> bought 48,000 square feet (4,500 m2) of land at the corner of Rodeo and <a href="/facts/Wilshire_Boulevard/NQnCS46n">Wilshire Boulevard</a> from the city of Beverly Hills.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The acreage is across the street from the <a href="/facts/Beverly_Wilshire_Hotel/6oWtQ3R8">Beverly Wilshire Hotel</a> and Kratter paid something over $2 million for it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h3>Origin of a new image</h3> <p>In 1961 <a href="/facts/Fred_Hayman/dVXD7y3V">Fred Hayman</a>, "the father of Rodeo Drive," opened <a href="/facts/Giorgio_Beverly_Hills/tro1MQp2">Giorgio Beverly Hills</a>, the street's first high-end boutique.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> In 1968 <a href="/facts/Aldo_Gucci/FuGQgeJB">Aldo Gucci</a> opened a store on Rodeo, which catalyzed the process by which the street took on its present form.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Van_Cleef_%2526_Arpels/kQsRuKoP">Van Cleef & Arpels</a> opened in 1969, followed by a <a href="/facts/Vidal_Sassoon/awMKwxU2">Vidal Sassoon</a> salon in 1970. The <a href="/facts/Polo_Ralph_Lauren/rmIcjLgB">Polo</a> Store, the brand's first freestanding store, opened in 1971.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p>According to a former co-chair of the "Rodeo Drive Committee," Richard Carroll, the transformation of Rodeo Drive into an international center of fashionable shopping was sparked in 1971 with the opening of a new wing of the <a href="/facts/Beverly_Wilshire/6oWtQ3R8">Beverly Wilshire</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> In 1980 Carroll noted that before then "There was nothing at all of an international nature on the street. Rodeo was purely local in flavor."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> In 1977 the Rodeo Drive Committee "launched a publicity campaign designed to make everyone around the world think of Rodeo Drive as the shopping street of the rich and famous."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> The RDC wanted to make Rodeo Drive an economic engine for Beverly Hills and spread the image of a "culturally elite lifestyle."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>In 1976, <a href="/facts/Bijan_Pakzad/AdIjwvaD">Bijan Pakzad</a> opened a showroom on Rodeo, which helped to solidify "Rodeo Drive's reputation as a luxury shopping destination."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> Pakzad touted his Rodeo Drive store as "the most expensive in the world," but, as <i><a href="/facts/Women%2527s_Wear_Daily/T1tE39KN">Women's Wear Daily</a></i> notes in relation to the claim, "he was known for hyperbole."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> By 1978 the Beverly Hills Chamber of Commerce was boasting that Rodeo Drive was "the essence of the best of all the shopping centers of the world"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> and by 1980 the city of Beverly Hills estimated that the Rodeo Drive shopping district accounted for as much as 25% of its sales tax revenues.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> <h3>International fashion centre</h3> <p>By 1981, the high-fashion strip took up only two and a half blocks, with around 65 stores.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p>The "Rodeo Collection," a 45-store, 70,000-square-foot (6,500 m2) shopping mall<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> opened in 1983<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> at 421 N. Rodeo Drive. The building is only four stories high with the first floor below street level in order to satisfy local building codes. The retail space initially leased for as much as $120 per square foot, which, according to an executive with commercial real estate firm <a href="/facts/Studley%2c_Inc./sC21EYCq">Julien J. Studley</a>, was "the highest price for any kind of space in the Los Angeles Area."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>In the early 1990s, Rodeo Drive was ranked 4th most-visited destination in the Los Angeles area (after Disneyland, <a href="/facts/Knott%2527s_Berry_Farm/Gcbjp4jd">Knott's Berry Farm</a> and <a href="/facts/Universal_Pictures/2xUCraUP">Universal Studios</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p><p>Two Rodeo Drive, another outdoor shopping center, was built in 1990. It initially housed, amongst other stores, <a href="/facts/Christian_Dior_S.A./kx0BwVz4">Christian Dior</a> and <a href="/facts/Valentino_Fashion_Group/AXb6RjEr">Valentino</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> The original developer, Douglas Stitzel, sold the property for about $200 million immediately after its completion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> Two Japanese groups, Kowa Real Estate California Inc. and USA Sogo Inc, bought 40% of Two Rodeo Drive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> </p><p>The Two Rodeo Drive shopping center was hard-hit by the <a href="/facts/Early_1990s_recession/UI3Gojzb">early 1990s recession</a>, with occupancy rates dropping to as low as 60%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Middle-market brand boutiques such as <a href="/facts/Guess_(clothing)/sCrsEAwP">Guess Jeans</a> and <a href="/facts/Banana_Republic/g5XuLDts">Banana Republic</a> opened on Rodeo Drive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Many franchised stores were bought back by the brands they represented (Polo Ralph Lauren, Gianni Versace, Hugo Boss).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p><p>The Two Rodeo Drive buyers sold it at an almost $70 million loss in 2000. By 2007 the property was financially stable again and was sold to a group of Irish investors for $275 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> It resembles a "faux-European shopping alley" and features a cobblestone street.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> Some architects have claimed that Two Rodeo Drive is similar to a "theme park in the manner of Disneyland."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> </p> <h3>Walk of Style</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Rodeo_Drive_Walk_of_Style/n1JEPK8B">Rodeo Drive Walk of Style</a></p> <p>In 2003, Rodeo Drive was given an $18 million makeover which included widening the streets and the addition of crosswalks. The ficus trees lining the street were taken out and replaced with palm trees. In September of the same year, the Rodeo Drive Committee developed the <a href="/facts/Rodeo_Drive_Walk_of_Style/n1JEPK8B">Rodeo Drive Walk of Style</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> The Walk of Style features plaques set in the sidewalks along Rodeo Drive. Fashion icons are honored with the award for their work in style and fashion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> At the intersection of Rodeo Drive and Dayton Way is the nude sculpture entitled "Torso." This statue was created by sculptor <a href="/facts/Robert_Graham_(sculptor)/BGpfHnPd">Robert Graham</a> and is the symbol for the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style. Recipients of the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award receive a "Torso" maquette also designed by artist Robert Graham.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p><p>The French fashion firm <a href="/facts/Lanvin_(company)/0jDmPQAf">Lanvin</a> opened a store on Rodeo Drive in 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> </p> <h3>2020 lootings</h3> <p>In May 2020, several of Rodeo Drive's businesses were damaged and looted following the <a href="/facts/Murder_of_George_Floyd/xKSGNay8">murder of George Floyd</a>. It was reported that several windows were broken and many of the looted buildings were vandalized by spray paint.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="events">Events</h2> <ul><li>Rodeo Drive <a href="/facts/Concours_d%2527Elegance/CdcJXAl5">Concours d'Elegance</a>: occurs annually every <a href="/facts/Father%2527s_Day/vJ915f0U">Father's Day</a> on Rodeo Drive to exhibit some of the world's most expensive automobiles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li>Fashion’s Night Out: Created in 2009 in New York City in hopes of boosting the economy during the recession. Its goals were to "celebrate fashion, restore consumer confidence and boost the industry’s economy." In 2012, 500 cities across the United States (including Los Angeles), as well as 30 cities around the world adopted the event. It is held annually in September on the same night worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> The carnival features a 60-foot <a href="/facts/Ferris_wheel/CSsDYVXl">Ferris wheel</a> and other attractions on the three blocks of the Rodeo Drive business district.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li>Rodeo Drive Festival of Watches and Jewelry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="notable-people">Notable people</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/William_Boyd_(actor)/xcVdGdc0">William Boyd</a> and <a href="/facts/Elinor_Fair/ruV5jr7b">Elinor Fair</a>, film actors, married to each other<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nicole_Brown_Simpson/P1uxIFXr">Nicole Brown</a> and <a href="/facts/O._J._Simpson/DSh65fh8">O. J. Simpson</a> first met at Jack Hanson's Rodeo Drive nightclub, The Daisy, when Brown worked there as a waitress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Tod_Browning/He1qQrSy">Tod Browning</a>, film actor, director, and screenwriter (corner of Rodeo Drive and Cañon Drive)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ralph_Forbes/drR0CBuG">Ralph Forbes</a>, film actor (606 Rodeo Drive)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="in-popular-culture">In popular culture</h2> <ul><li>In the 1990 movie <i><a href="/facts/Pretty_Woman/qUm9UBLP">Pretty Woman</a></i>, the young sex worker Vivian Ward (<a href="/facts/Julia_Roberts/CqIC5FJF">Julia Roberts</a>) steps in a Rodeo Drive boutique where she gets snubbed by the sales clerks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li>The song "<a href="/facts/Down_Rodeo/RhDR1oor">Down Rodeo</a>" by <a href="/facts/Rage_Against_the_Machine/RuTcQHwg">Rage Against the Machine</a> is titled after the street and refers to "Rolling down Rodeo with a shotgun"</li> <li>In the 2011 movie <i><a href="/facts/Just_Go_with_It/r2CoxvaT">Just Go with It</a></i>, plastic surgeon Dr. Danny Maccabee (<a href="/facts/Adam_Sandler/k2gg1GEI">Adam Sandler</a>) takes his assistant Katherine (<a href="/facts/Jennifer_Aniston/qRjtt6lk">Jennifer Aniston</a>) on a shopping spree down Rodeo Drive, after agreeing to pretend to be his wife, who will soon be divorced.</li> <li>In the 1994 movie <i><a href="/facts/D2%3a_The_Mighty_Ducks/vMD3jpwI">D2: The Mighty Ducks</a></i>, four of the members of the team visit Rodeo Drive. After playing pranks along the street they gain access to one of the boutiques before getting kicked out.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Billy_Ray_Cyrus/oKsKuL2L">Billy Ray Cyrus</a> references driving down Rodeo Drive in the 2019 remix of <a href="/facts/Lil_Nas_X/EMJuWj1D">Little Nas X</a>’s single "<a href="/facts/Old_Town_Road/sVC7jBpE">Old Town Road</a>", which topped the <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 for a record 19 consecutive weeks.</li> <li>In the 2004 video game, <i><a href="/facts/Grand_Theft_Auto%3a_San_Andreas/u3TQEBAB">Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas</a></i>, a parodied version of the street is present in the fictional city of Los Santos.</li> <li>In the 2013 video game, <i><a href="/facts/Grand_Theft_Auto_V/r2zsoY5Q">Grand Theft Auto V</a></i>, a redesigned parody of Rodeo Drive is present, called Portola Drive, in the fictional neighborhood of Rockford Hills, in Los Santos.</li> <li>In the 2019 mobile game <i><a href="/facts/Mario_Kart_Tour/rhH91HLq">Mario Kart Tour</a></i>, Rodeo Drive is briefly driven through in the "Los Angeles Laps" race course.</li> <li>In the track "Hot Girl (Bodies Bodies Bodies)" from the soundtrack for the 2022 film <i><a href="/facts/Bodies_Bodies_Bodies/uWBDBPEb">Bodies Bodies Bodies</a></i>, <a href="/facts/Charli_XCX/vzAKA4vE">Charli XCX</a> names Rodeo Drive as a preferred shopping location.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li>In "<a href="/facts/The_New_Workout_Plan/PMSIDssg">The New Workout Plan</a>" on <a href="/facts/Kanye_West/9AptrF4P">Kanye West</a>’s debut album <i><a href="/facts/The_College_Dropout/FFSf87XQ">The College Dropout</a></i>, one of the woman snippets includes a mention of Rodeo Drive, saying she’s now able to shop there.</li> <li>In "<a href="/facts/Unholy_(Sam_Smith_and_Kim_Petras_song)/X0Bqfhf7">Unholy</a>" by Sam Smith and Kim Petras the line "You gonna need to bag it up because I'm spending on Rodeo"</li> <li>In the chorus of "<a href="/facts/Whatever_She_Wants_(Bryson_Tiller_song)/bDGsUHD2">Whatever She Wants</a>" by Bryson Tiller, he says "I'ma take her bougie ass to Rodeo and then let her pick up whatever she wants" in reference to Rodeo Drive.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Los Angeles portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_leading_shopping_streets_and_districts_by_city/gd4TaNhI">List of leading shopping streets and districts by city</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Luxe_Rodeo_Drive_Hotel/oJT98La0">Luxe Rodeo Drive Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Down_Rodeo/RhDR1oor">Down Rodeo</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rodeo Drive. <ul><li><a href="http://rodeodrive-bh.com">Official website</a> </li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>CBS - Beverly Hills Streets Named 2nd And 3rd Most Expensive In America <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/beverly-hills-streets-named-2nd-and-3rd-most-expensive-in-america/" target="_blank">https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/beverly-hills-streets-named-2nd-and-3rd-most-expensive-in-america/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Fitzpatrick, Kyle (July 14, 2015). "A Local's Guide to Properly Pronouncing L.A. Places". Los Angeles. Retrieved July 27, 2020. <a href="https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/a-locals-guide-to-properly-pronouncing-l-a-places" target="_blank">https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/a-locals-guide-to-properly-pronouncing-l-a-places</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Pollack, Gina (July 22, 2019). "How To Speak LA: Your Guide To The City's Most Debated And Mispronounced Words". LAist. Retrieved July 27, 2020. <a href="https://laist.com/projects/how-to-la/understand/pronunciation/" target="_blank">https://laist.com/projects/how-to-la/understand/pronunciation/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"New Railroad and New City". Los Angeles Times. November 10, 1906. p. I12. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Goode, Terrance (Spring 1998). "Rodeo Drive: The History of a "Street of Dreams"". Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. 15 (1): 45–60. JSTOR 43030442. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Sales in Beverly Hills". Los Angeles Times. May 19, 1907. p. V20. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Goode, Terrance (Spring 1998). "Rodeo Drive: The History of a "Street of Dreams"". Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. 15 (1): 45–60. JSTOR 43030442. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Realty Values Show Increase:Beverly Hills Lots Reveal Remarkable Gains". Los Angeles Times. November 22, 1925. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Coldwater Canyon Line". Electric Railway Historical Association of Southern California. Retrieved May 3, 2024. <a href="http://www.erha.org/pewcc.htm" target="_blank">http://www.erha.org/pewcc.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Sandy Cohen (June 8, 2011). "Honors for Fred Hayman, the father of legendary Rodeo Drive". The Daily Star. p. 12. But back in 1964, when Fred Hayman started building his Giorgio Beverly Hills shop, Rodeo Drive was just a regular city street, with a grocer, a gas station and a hardware store. Hayman became its ambassador. He envisioned the street as an elegant home to the finest designers and boutiques, a magnet for starlets and socialites, like an American Champs-Elysees, a sexy, fun, camera-ready intersection of Hollywood and fashion. Giorgio Beverly Hills, located at 273 Rodeo Drive, boasted its own oak bar and pool table, where gentlemen could pass the time as the ladies shopped. Hayman welcomed browsers with a glass of Champagne. He personally invited celebrity contacts he met at the Hilton to experience his latest business venture, creating an air of sophistication among the clientele. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" target="_blank">/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Sims, Calvin (October 26, 1992). "Hard Times, Even on Rodeo Drive". New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/26/business/hard-times-even-on-rodeo-drive.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/26/business/hard-times-even-on-rodeo-drive.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Rodeo Drive—It's 'a giant sundae' and some of the world's most exclusive shops". Los Angeles Times. November 25, 1977. p. J19. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Deal at Beverly Hills: Investor Enlarges Holdings in Coast City Realty". New York Times. February 19, 1958. p. 45. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Deal at Beverly Hills: Investor Enlarges Holdings in Coast City Realty". New York Times. February 19, 1958. p. 45. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Sandy Cohen (June 8, 2011). "Honors for Fred Hayman, the father of legendary Rodeo Drive". The Daily Star. p. 12. But back in 1964, when Fred Hayman started building his Giorgio Beverly Hills shop, Rodeo Drive was just a regular city street, with a grocer, a gas station and a hardware store. Hayman became its ambassador. He envisioned the street as an elegant home to the finest designers and boutiques, a magnet for starlets and socialites, like an American Champs-Elysees, a sexy, fun, camera-ready intersection of Hollywood and fashion. Giorgio Beverly Hills, located at 273 Rodeo Drive, boasted its own oak bar and pool table, where gentlemen could pass the time as the ladies shopped. Hayman welcomed browsers with a glass of Champagne. He personally invited celebrity contacts he met at the Hilton to experience his latest business venture, creating an air of sophistication among the clientele. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" target="_blank">/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Ilpo Koskinen (Spring 2005). "Semiotic Neighborhoods". Design Issues. 21 (2): 13–27. doi:10.1162/0747936053630142. JSTOR 25223990. 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