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1703 in science
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<h2 id="biology">Biology</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Charles_Plumier/J0b2eYNU">Charles Plumier</a>'s <i>Nova plantarum Americanarum genera</i> begins publication in Paris. This includes descriptions of <i><a href="/facts/Fuchsia/LlLnQeUF">Fuchsia</a></i>, discovered by him on <a href="/facts/Hispaniola/fPKbRTcD">Hispaniola</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> and naming of the <a href="/facts/Genus/m8EFjSms">genus</a> <i><a href="/facts/Magnolia/meB0pHXY">Magnolia</a></i>, applied to species from <a href="/facts/Martinique/HTwzANWx">Martinique</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="chemistry">Chemistry</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Georg_Ernst_Stahl/T1RTnF97">Georg Ernst Stahl</a>, professor of medicine and chemistry at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Halle/DXhaJLhH">University of Halle</a>, proposes <a href="/facts/Phlogiston_theory/6PDveBmv">phlogiston theory</a> in the way it comes to be generally understood.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="earth-sciences">Earth sciences</h2> <ul><li>An early, crude <a href="/facts/Seismograph/CCc9vwqf">seismograph</a> is developed by the French physicist Abbé <a href="/facts/Jean_de_Hautefeuille/wzxJM1kr">Jean de Hautefeuille</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="mathematics">Mathematics</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gottfried_Leibniz/cTc2er83">Gottfried Leibniz</a> publishes a first description of <a href="/facts/Binary_number/a6JDSRPs">binary numbers</a> in the West.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Leonty_Magnitsky/2L4qYLzv">Leonty Magnitsky</a>'s <i>Arithmetic</i> (Арифметика) is published, a scientific book in the <a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian language</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="meteorology">Meteorology</h2> <ul><li>December 7–10 (November 26–29 <a href="/facts/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates/kb3020Wy">O.S.</a>) – <a href="/facts/Great_Storm_of_1703/REKk7s5W">Great Storm of 1703</a>, an <a href="/facts/Extratropical_cyclone/4c5Y4hoJ">extratropical cyclone</a>, ravages southern England and the <a href="/facts/English_Channel/UPjaSEXf">English Channel</a>, killing at least 8,000, mostly at sea. The <a href="/facts/Eddystone_Lighthouse/fJJehhdW">Eddystone Lighthouse</a> off <a href="/facts/Plymouth/FhYcrnqf">Plymouth</a> is destroyed in the storm together with its designer <a href="/facts/Henry_Winstanley/F57heLBK">Henry Winstanley</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="institutions">Institutions</h2> <ul><li>November 30 – <a href="/facts/Isaac_Newton/4L7gTncN">Isaac Newton</a> is elected president of the <a href="/facts/Royal_Society/KI5yXCuV">Royal Society</a> of London, a position he will hold until his death in <a href="/facts/1727_in_science/kbTxAc8A">1727</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Richard_Mead/uEVkI2vP">Richard Mead</a> is admitted to the Royal Society (to whose <i>Transactions</i> he contributes this year a paper on the parasitic nature of <a href="/facts/Scabies/QCPVVhQ0">scabies</a>), is elected physician to <a href="/facts/St_Thomas%27_Hospital/AYvMTPLq">St Thomas' Hospital</a>, and is appointed to read anatomical lectures at <a href="/facts/Surgeon%27s_Hall/hFDJ8Rpt">Surgeon's Hall</a>, all in London.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li>January 8 – <a href="/facts/Andr%C3%A9_Levret/TTal6DJQ">André Levret</a>, French <a href="/facts/Obstetrician/JbYHxtCd">obstetrician</a> (died <a href="/facts/1780_in_science/RSenqQ6M">1780</a>)</li> <li>January 15 – <a href="/facts/Johann_Ernst_Hebenstreit/taPnacRy">Johann Ernst Hebenstreit</a>, German physician and naturalist (died <a href="/facts/1757_in_science/Cg8EY0w0">1757</a>)</li> <li>June 21 – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Lieutaud/6P9Emyng">Joseph Lieutaud</a>, French physician (died <a href="/facts/1780_in_science/RSenqQ6M">1780</a>)</li> <li>August 23 – <a href="/facts/Robert_James_(physician)/wyEQlzfx">Robert James</a>, English physician (died <a href="/facts/1776_in_science/gEMXTQJq">1776</a>)</li> <li>September 15 – <a href="/facts/Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle/dX9noudo">Guillaume-François Rouelle</a>, French chemist and apothecary (died <a href="/facts/1770_in_science/poKYG3AN">1770</a>)</li> <li>October 28 – <a href="/facts/Antoine_Deparcieux/MoKJ0wqp">Antoine Deparcieux</a>, French <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a> (died <a href="/facts/1768_in_science/HmU2rre0">1768</a>)</li> <li>November 25 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9guier/gKxc2Erx">Jean-François Séguier</a>, French <a href="/facts/Astronomer/ronF8j4a">astronomer</a> and <a href="/facts/Botanist/PaIRoxnb">botanist</a> (died <a href="/facts/1784_in_science/E05X79dn">1784</a>)</li> <li>December 2 – <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_Kon%C5%A1%C4%8Dak/pGtIIj5s">Ferdinand Konščak</a>, <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatian</a> <a href="/facts/Explorer/wXUhG45B">explorer</a> (died <a href="/facts/1759_in_science/jokdkunq">1759</a>)</li> <li>December 9 – <a href="/facts/Chester_Moore_Hall/TubLhwFk">Chester Moore Hall</a>, English scientific instrument maker (died <a href="/facts/1771_in_science/fXlqQLLE">1771</a>)</li> <li>December 24 – <a href="/facts/Aleksei_Chirikov/7CnqXyHb">Aleksei Chirikov</a>, Russian explorer (died <a href="/facts/1748_in_science/MF2KD27E">1748</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li>March 3 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Hooke/T5sEElp5">Robert Hooke</a>, English scientist (born <a href="/facts/1635_in_science/gAA8WuGn">1635</a>)</li> <li>March 20 <i>(probable)</i> – <a href="/facts/Johann_von_L%C3%B6wenstern-Kunckel/bGQm8of3">Johann von Löwenstern-Kunckel</a>, German <a href="/facts/Chemist/N09K7Bdm">chemist</a> (born <a href="/facts/1630_in_science/I8Na97YP">1630?</a>)</li> <li>September 22 – <a href="/facts/Vincenzo_Viviani/R515cfmh">Vincenzo Viviani</a>, Italian mathematician and scientist (born <a href="/facts/1622_in_science/bljGwetb">1622</a>)</li> <li>October 28 – <a href="/facts/John_Wallis/hlMcED3G">John Wallis</a>, English mathematician (born <a href="/facts/1616_in_science/29u9ADod">1616</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>The Encyclopædia Britannica: a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, Volume XI, Franciscans to Gibbons 11th ed. New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company (1910). p. 272. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kPstAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA272&dq=plumier+fuchsia#PPR3,M1" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=kPstAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA272&dq=plumier+fuchsia#PPR3,M1</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Mason, Stephen F. (1962). "Chapter 26". A History of the Sciences (revised ed.). New York: Collier Books. <a href="https://archive.org/details/historyofscience00maso" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/historyofscience00maso</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Leibniz G. "Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire". Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences. Repr. in Gerhardt, C., ed. (1879), Die Mathematische Schriften, Berlin, 7:223. English translation as "Explanation of Binary Arithmetic" at Leibniz Translations, retrieved on 2013-12-24. <a href="/wiki/Comptes_rendus_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" target="_blank">/wiki/Comptes_rendus_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Icons, a portrait of England 1700-1750". Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2018-07-28. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070817164123/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1700-1750" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070817164123/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1700-1750</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>From 1703 to 1712. 1809. p. 1. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OPRbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=OPRbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>